John Zube

John Zube's Bibliography on Monetary Freedom

(2010)

 


 

A - F G - L M - R S - Z

 


 

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S. R., Sen., The Economics of Sir James Steuart. (1957). - Cottrell & Anderson, Money & Banking in England.

SABRIN, MURRAY, Tax Free 2000: The Rebirth of American Liberty. Prescott Press, Inc., Lafayette, Louisiana, 1995, 240pp, pb. - Reviewed by MCGEE, ROBERT W., in THE FREEMAN, Oct. 95, p. 677. - He not only proposes a tax-free society but also criticizes the government’s monetary policy, according to this review. - J.Z.

SABURO, S., The Origin of the Paper Currency of China. JOURNAL OF THE PEKING ORIENTAL SOCIETY 1889, vol. II, 265. - Herbert Franke, Geld- & Wirtschaft in China unter der Mongolen-Herrschaft.

SACY, Baron SYLVESTRE de, on Mussulman Coins. "JOURNAL ASIATIQUE", chiefly translations from Fraehn. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

SACY, Baron SYLVESTRE de, Treatise on Mahometan coins. Based upon the researches of M. Fraehn of St. Petersburg. JOURNAL ASIATIQUE, Paris, 1882, vol. i. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

SAEZ, padre fray LICIANO, Demostracion Histórica del verdadero valor de todas las Monedas que corrian en Castilla durante el reynado del Senor don Enrique III. Madrid, 1796. Folio. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885. - SAEZ, padre fray LICIANO, Same, as to reign of Don Enrique IV. Madrid, 1805. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

SAGEHORN, ROBERT & MEULEN, HENRY, Some correspondence, 1968-1978. 29pp, in PEACE PLANS 791.

SAGEHORN, ROBERT, WESTERN WORLD REVIEW, for monetary freedom in some articles in his "WESTERN WORLD REVIEW". Special issue on Henry Meulen, Winter 1976/77, with short essays by Meulen, in PEACE PLANS 561. (See Western Review Institute.) - I do not know whether he is still alive and active, not having heard from hims for many years. - J.Z., 15.7.10.

SAINT MARC, MICHELE, Histoire Monétaire de la France, 1800-1980. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1983. - Friedman, M., Money Mischief.

SAINT SIMON, le duc de, Memoires. (Universal Classics Library.) - Groseclose, Money & Man.

SAINT-CHAMANS, le Viscount AUGUST de, Traités d'Economie publique. Paris, 1852. 3 vols. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

SAINT-ETIENNE, CHRISTIAN, The Great Depression, 1929-1938: Lessons for the 1980’s. Stanford, Calif., Hoover Institution Press, 1984, 10. - data on unemployment … - Tyler Cowen, Why Keynesianism Triumphed or, Could so Many Keynesians Have Been Wrong?

SAINT-GÉNIS, FLOUR DE, La Banque de France à travers le siècle. Paris 1896. - Obst.

SAKOLSKI, A. M., The Great American Land Bubble. Harper & Brothers, 1932. - Smitley, Popular Financial Delusions, 1933.

SALERNO, JOSEPH T., A Simple Model of the Theory of Money Prices. - Journal of Austrian Economics - Vol. 9, No. 4. - Online at the Mises Institute.

SALERNO, JOSEPH T., An Analysis and Critique of Recent Plans to Re-establish the Gold Standard. Unpublished manuscript, 1982. (According to Rothbard, TMOB, it reviews the Lehrman, Laffer and similar plans.)

SALERNO, JOSEPH, An Austrian Taxonomy of Deflation - With Applications to the U.S. - Vol. 6 Num. 4 - Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics - Online at the Mises Institute.

SALERNO, JOSEPH T., Comment on Tullock’s “Why Austrians Are Wrong About Depressions.” - Vol. 3 Num. 1 - Review of Austrian Economics - Online at the Mises Institute.

SALERNO, JOSEPH T., Gold Standards: True and False. CATO JOURNAL, vol. 3, No. 1, Spring 1983, pp. 239ff, with comment by David I. Meiselman. (JZL)

SALERNO, JOSEPH T., F. A. Hayek on Money, The Business Cycle, and the Gold Standard. (editor) Mises Institute, 2008. - Online at the Mises Institute.

SALERNO, JOSEPH T., Introduction to Murray Rothbard’s History of Money and Banking in the United States. - "Introduction to Murray Rothbard's History of Money and Banking in the United States" - A History of Money and Banking in the United States: The Colonial Era to World War II - by Murray N. Rothbard (Auburn: Mises Institute, Auburn, in 2002, on pages 7-44. - Available as PDF document. - Related: Methodology, Subjectivism, Econ. History, Interdisciplinary, Econ. Methodology, Economic History, Cultural Economics, History - Online at the Mises Institute. http://mises.org/rothbard/salernointro.asp

SALERNO, JOSEPH T., Ludwig von Mises's Monetary Theory in Light of Modern Monetary Thought. Vol. 8 Num. 1. - Review of Austrian Economics, pp. 71-116. - Online at the Mises Institute.

SALERNO, JOSEPH T., The 100% Reserve Gold Standard: A Proposal for Monetary Reform. (1982). In: Richard Fink (ed.) Supply Side Economics: A Critical Appraisal. Frederick, MD: Aletheia Books. - Peter H. Canning.

SALERNO, JOSEPH T., The Development of Keynes’s Economics: From Marshall to Millenniallism. - Vol. 6 Num. 1 Review of Austrian Economics - Online at the Mises Institute.

SALERNO, JOSEPH T., The ‘True’ Money Supply: A Measure of the Supply of the Medium of Exchange in the U.S. Economy. - (AEN, Spring 1987)(Pace University) - Joseph T. Salerno - Mises Institute Working Papers - Online at the Mises Institute. - Austrian Economics Newsletter - Vol.6, No.4. - Online at the Mises Institute.

SALERNO, JOSEPH T., Two Cheers for Deflationary Monetary Policy. - 7/11/2003 - Mises Institute Working Papers - Online at the Mises Institute. - An inflation cannot be rightfully, rationally and economically cured or ended by a deflation. - J.Z., 1.6.10.

SALERNO, JOSEPH T., White on Hayek, on Mises Economics Blog. 2.2.10, with some replies: http://blog.mises.org/blog/

SALERNO, JOSEPH T., A Proposal for Monetary Reform: The 100% Gold Standard. POLICY REPORT (July 1981): 6-11. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

SALERNO, JOSEPH T., Gold Standards: True and False. pp. 239-268. Comment by David I. Meiselman, pp. 260-276. - CATO JOURNAL, Vol.3, No. 1, Spring 83, The Search for Stable Money. - JZL. - In Dorn & Schwartz, 1983ff.

SALERNO, JOSEPH T., Ludwig von Mises and the Monetary Approach to the Balance of Payments. 1982. In: Israel M. Kirzner, ed., Method, Process, and Austrian Economics: Essays in Honor of Ludwig von Mises. Cambridge, Mass.: D. C. Heath. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

SALERNO, JOSEPH T., The Monetary Economics of Benjamin M. Anderson. Manuscript. Newark, N.J., Rudgers University, 1985. - Cowen & Kroszner.

SALES MANAGEMENT, Charge Now, Pay Never. Oct. 15, 1967, pp.49-50. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972.

SALIN, E., Der genossenschaftliche Gedanke und die Gesamtarbeitsverträge. Referat, gehalten im Kurs vom 15.-17. Oktober 1942 im genossenschaftlichen Seminar, Freidorf bei Basel, - Gisin (1955)

SALIN, E., Für ein Alignement der Währungen. KYKLOS, Vol. XIII, 1960, Fasc. 4. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

SALIN, E., Geschichte der Volkswirtschaftslehre. 3. Auflage, Bern 1944. - Gisin (1955)

SALIN, E., Währungsexperimente und Währungsreformen 1945-1948. KYKLOS, Internat. Zeitschrift für Sozialwissenschaften, Vol. III, 1949. - Gisin (1955) - Experiments that are territorially imposed should be distinguished from those which are only exterritorially practised among volunteers. - J.Z., 1.7.10.

SALIN, PASCAL, Currency, Competition and Monetary Union. ed. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, Boston, Lancaster, 1984. - White, Competition & Currency. - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

SALIN, PASCAL, European Monetary Unity: For Whose Benefit? Foreword by Friedrich A. Hayek, Institutum Europaeum, The Ipswich Press, 1980, 81pp. This booklet also contains some panarchist ideas on pages 17 & 18. Salin was then professor at the University of Paris-IX-Dauphine. - JZL.

SALIN, PASCAL, Free Banking and Fractional Reserves. - Free banking and fractional reserves (pdf file)

SALIN, PASCAL, La Vérité sur la Monnaie. Paris, Editions Odile Jacob, 1990.(Chapitres 2,3,4 et 5).

SALIN, PASCAL, L'unification monétaire européenne. Paris, Calmann-Levy, 1974. - Pascal Salin, European Monetary Unity: For Whose Benefit? 1980.

SALIN, PASCAL, Macroéconomie. Paris. Presses Universitaires de France. 1991. - Nataf

SALINGS, Börsenpapiere, I. (allgemeiner) Teil. 14. Aufl., Berlin 1913. - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen.

SALMON P. CHASE, Diary and Correspondence of Salmon P. Chase. AMERICAN HISTORIAL ASSOCIATION, Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1902, vol.2 (1903). - SHADE, G. W. (1972)

SALOMON, GOTTFRIED, Einführung zu: Bekenntnisse eines Revolutionärs (von 1848), by Proudhon. Laub'sche, Berlin, 1923. PEACE PLANS 421.

SALOMONS, DAVID, A Defence of Joint-Stock Banks. 1837. 2nd ed. London, Pelham Richardson. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

SALOMONS, DAVID, Reflections on the Recent Pressure on the Money-Market, and the Means Suggested to Prevent Future Monetary Difficulties. 1840, London, Pelham Richardson. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

SALSMAN, RICHARD M., - Is he still the only banker in our time, who stood up for and wrote for free banking? If there are some to many others, in their multitude, they should be included in a special and well publicized honours roll. - J.Z., 15.7.10.

SALSMAN, RICHARD M., Banking Without the "Too-Big-to-Fail" Doctrine. Reprinted with permission from THE FREEMAN a publication of the Foundation for Economic Education, Inc., November 1992, Vol. 42, No. 11 - Now online with all issues of THE FREEMAN, 1950-1999 at the Mises Institute! - At the time of the original publication, Mr. Salsman was a banker in New York City and an adjunct fellow of the American Institute for Economic Research in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. This article is adapted from a speech delivered at a conference sponsored by The Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, May 12-13, 1992. - He supplied 22 references, most of which I included in this list, if they were not already. - J.Z. - SALSMAN, RICHARD A., Banking without the "Too-Big-to-Fail" Doctrine, TF, 11/92, 8pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.285. - FEE Timely Classic: “Banking Without the Too-Big-to-Fail Doctrine” by Richard M. Salsman.

SALSMAN, RICHARD M. The Credit Crunch: Myth or Reality? American Institute for Economic Research, October 1991. - SALSMAN, RICHARD A.

SALSMAN, RICHARD M., Breaking the Banks: Central Banking Problems and Free Banking Solutions. Great Barrington, Mass.: American Institute for Economic Research, 1990. - Dowd & SALSMAN, RICHARD A.

SALSMAN, RICHARD M., Gold and Liberty. Great Barrington, Mass., American Institute for Economic Research, 1995.

SALSTROM, PAUL, The Logic of LETS. 2pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 742.

SALTER et al, The World's Economic Crisis. - Silverman, H. A., The Substance of Economics. - SALTER, Sir ARTHUR? - J.Z.

SALTER, F. R., Sir Thomas Gresham 1519-1579. London: Leonard Parsona, 1925 and Boston: Small, Maynard and Company, n.d. - Antony C. Sutton, The War on Gold. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling. - Birth & Death years corrected via Encyclopaedia Britannica. - J.Z.

SALTER, Sir ARTHUR, China and Silver. New York: Economic Forum Inc., 1934. - Friedman, M., Money Mischief.

SALTER, Sir ARTHUR, Recovery. Bell, London, 1933. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling. - Sir Leo Chiozza, Product Money, 1933. - With or without full economic freedom, including full monetary and financial freedom? - J.Z., 4.4.10.

SALVA, Diccionario Castellano. Madrid, 1854. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

SALZ, ARTHUR, Die irrationale Grundlage der kapitalistischen Wirtschaft und Gesellschafts Ordnung. In Soziologische Studien, Alfred Weber gewidmet. Heidelberg 1930. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies. - It’s irrational to start out with a false or flawed definition. - J.Z. 30.3.10.

SALZMANN, FRIEDRICH, ABC der Volkswirtschaft. - BINN, Konjunkturepolitik am Scheideweg.

SALZMANN, FRIEDRICH, Mit der Freiheit leben. - BINN, Konjunkturepolitik am Scheideweg.

SALZMANN, FRIEDRICH, Weder Rezession noch Inflation. (1975) - BINN, Konjunkturepolitik am Scheideweg.

SAMHABER, ERNST, Der Magier des Kredits. Glück und Unglück des John Law of Lauriston. 2. Aufl., F. Bruckmann Verlag, München, 1941, 374 S. - JZL.

SAMPSON, HENRY, A History of Advertising from the Earliest Times. Chatto & Windus, London, 1874. - Smitley, Popular Financial Delusions, 1933.

SAMTER, …? He was, somewhat for free banking, restricted by metallic redemption. (According to Ulrich von Beckerath. No more details known at this stage, still. -J.Z., 15.7.10.) Adolf Samter?

SAMUEL, PETER, Much Ado About Nothing: The Australian Wage and Price Freeze. April 1977. In: Sudha Shenoy, (ed.) Wage-Price Control: Myth and Reality. (Turramurra, Australia: The Centre for Independent Studies, 1978) pp. 254-55. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

SAMUELSON PAUL A., & HERMAN E. KROOSS, Documentary History of Banking and Currency in the United States, Volume IV. New York, Chelsea House Publishers, 1983, p.354. - Salsman, Richard A. - Will I actually bother, some day, to read something by Samuelson on money? - I keep some Bibl versions etc., too, but hardly ever look into any of them. - Well, at least it won’t be compulsory reading for me, like it is for some university students. - J.Z., 25.2.10.

SAMUELSON, PAUL A. Foundations of Economic Analysis. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1947. - L. H. White

SAMUELSON, PAUL A., Classical and Neoclassical Theory. In: Monetary Theory. 1969. ed. Robert W. Clower. London: Penguin. - Paul Davidson, The Economics of Ignorance or Ignorance of Economics.

SAMUELSON, PAUL A., Economics: An Introductory Analysis. 6th ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking. - 8th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1970. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.- I believe that he has still to be introduced to full monetary and financial freedom - if he is still alive. - However, apparently, Pamela Brown has found some such traces in his writings. - J.Z., 4.4.10.

SAMUELSON, PAUL A., Foundations of Economic Analysis. 1947. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. - Selgin, The Evolution of a Free Banking System.

SAMUELSON, PAUL A., Reflections on Central Banking. In Stiglitz, Joseph E., ed The Collected Scientific Papers of Paul A. Samuelson. Vol. II. Cambridge, Mass.: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1966: 1361-1386. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

SAMUELSON, PAUL A., The Non-Optimality of Money Holding under Laissez-Faire. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 2, May 1969. - Selgin. - Nonoptimality of Money Holding Under Laissez-Faire. 303-307.(308?) - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition. - We never had complete laissez faire when it comes to exchange media and value standards, i.e. no quite free banking or complete monetary freedom, not to speak of financial freedom. - J.Z., 21.3.10.

SAMUELSON, PAUL A., Volkswirtschaftslehre. Eine Einführung. Köln 1952.4. Aufl., Köln: Bund-Verlag 1971 (Bd. 1). - Flamant. - Schon seine Popularit:at, in den meisten Universitäten, macht ihn für mich sehr verdächtig. Aber alles kann selbst an seinen Schriften nicht ganz falsch sein. Sie haben mich aber bisher nie in Versuchung gesetzt, sie zu lesen. Den Marx und den Keynes habe ich auch etas - aber nicht voll gelesen. - J.Z., 11.3.10.

SAMUELSON, PAUL A., What Classical and Neoclassical Monetary Theory Really Was. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 1 (Feb. 1968): 1-15. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

SANDBERG, LARS G., Banking and Economic Growth in Sweden before World War I. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY 38(3) Sep. 1978, pp.650-80. Selgin. Dowd.

SANDOZ, A., The Bank-note System of Switzerland. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, 12, 1898, S. 280ff.

SANI, F., Die Freiwirtschaftslehre Silvio Gesells. Unveröffentlichte Diss., Basel. - Gisin (1955)

SANTAYANA, GEORGE, Character and Opinion in the United States. Anchor Books. New York, 1956. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

SANTOMERO, ANTHONY M., Modeling the Banking Firm: A Survey. 1984. JOURNAL OF MONEY, CREDIT, AND BANKING (November): 576-602. - Selgin, The Evolution of a Free Banking System.

SARGANT, W. L., Robert Owen and his Social Philosophy. London, 1860. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S.

SARGENT, THOMAS J. & WALLACE, NEIL, A Model of Commodity Money. 1983, JOURNAL OF MONETARY ECONOMICS 12, July, 163-87. - Rolnick & Weber; Selgin.

SARGENT, THOMAS J. & WALLACE, NEIL, Rational Expectations and the Theory of Economic Policy. JOURNAL OF MONETARY ECONOMICS 2 (April 1976): 169-183. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

SARGENT, THOMAS J. & WALLACE, NEIL, Rational Expectations and the Theory of Economic Policy, Part II: Arguments and Evidence. Minneapolis: Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, 1976. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

SARGENT, THOMAS J. & WALLACE, NEIL, Rational Expectations, the Optimal Monetary Instrument, and the Optimal Money Supply Rule." JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY 83 (April 1975): 241-255. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

SARGENT, THOMAS J. & WALLACE, NEIL, The Real Bills Doctrine versus the Quantity Theory: a Reconsideration. STAFF REPORT 65, Research Dept., Fed. Res. Bank of Minneapolis, Jan. 1891. - Robert E. Hall. - (1982) in JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY 90 (December): 1212-36. - Dowd & Selgin. - L. H. White - I have not yet got this article, either. - Actually, I see in the RBD a proper application of the Quantity Theory. Its notes are optional, competitive, market rated, refusable and based upon real products or services and their free exchanges, while using a sound value standard. How could its very nature and practice have been overlooked for so long? Some frauds are, naturally, attempted in every sphere but a good banker, knowing his customers and their business, should be able to distinguish between real and “financial” bills. The strict legal nature of the bills, as a claim to gold coins, made them just as attractive to tricksters as is legal tender money, with its wide circulation, to forgers. If the bills or their discounted equivalents, as basis for note issues, were only usable in clearing or to pay for goods and services, then much less frauds would have occurred. - That was one of the harmful effects of rare metal redemptionism and of the presumed right of creditors to demand being paid in a scarce and exclusive currency, a topic that is only all too rarely discussed. - Ultimately, all-paid for trading, if we ignore the “money-curtain”, is settled by clearing, even when using all kinds of money tokens, whether cheap or expensive ones. They are all only clearing certificates or accounts, including the the electronic accounting signal statements. - J.Z., 26.2.10. - It is not a matter of opposites but of understanding both, sufficiently, also under conditions of monetary freedom as opposed to conditions of monetary despotism. So far there are, probably, only a few texts which understand these two “laws” and also Say’s Law and Gresham’s Law correctly, under both conditions. - J.Z., 21.3.10.

SARGENT, THOMAS J. & WALLACE, NEIL, The Stability of Models of Money and Growth with Perfect Foresight. 1973. ECONOMETRICA, 41(4), 1043-1048. - Peter Bernholz.

SARGENT, THOMAS. J., Rational Expectations and Inflation. New York: Harper & Row. (1981)- Dowd

SARGENT, THOMAS J., The Ends of Four Big Inflations. 1982. In Inflation: Causes and Effects, edited by Robert Hall. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. - T. Cowen & R. Kroszner, Nov. 90. - Alas, none of them ended under full monetary and financial freedom. Thus even their “ending” still continued basic problems. - J.Z., 15.7.10.

SARTORIUS, Baron GEORG FRIEDRICH CHRISTOPH von WALTERSHAUSEN, Gold und Silber, &c. Harlem, 1781. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

SATTLER, HEINR., Die Effektenbanken. Leipzig 1890. - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen.

SAUERMANN, H., Geld und Kredit. In: Handbuch der Wirtschaftswissenschaften. 1958. - Rittershausen, Wirtschaft, 1960 Auflage.

SAULX, GASPARD de, Mémoires par Gaspard de Saulx, seigneur de Tavannes, 1509-73. Edited by C. B. Petitot and others. Paris, 1821-9. 3 vols., (vols. 23, 24, and 25 of Petitot's collection). - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

SAULX, GUILLAUME de, Mémoires de plusieurs choses advenues en France, &c, par Guillaume de Saulx, 1553-1633. Edited by C. B. Petitot and others. Paris, 1821-9. 1 vol. (vol. 35 of Petitot's collection). - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

SAUNDER, P. T., Stuckey's Bank. (Taunton 1928). - "history of that remarkable private bank in the West Country". - Cottrell & Anderson, Money & Banking in England.

SAUSSY, F. TUPPER, The Miracle on Main Street. Saving Yourself and America from Financial Ruin. Spencer Judd Publishers, , Sewanee, TN, 1980, 1981, 1982, 158pp. - Opposed to legal tender paper money. For silver or gold redemption certificates, taking the USA Constitution as his guide. - J.Z. - JZL.

SAVAGE, LEONARD, The Foundation of Statistics. 1954. New York: John Wiley. - Paul Davidson, The Economics of Ignorance or Ignorance of Economics.

SAVERS, R. S., Banking in the British Commonwealth. Oxford, 1952. - GOLLIN, The Commonwealth Bank of A.

SAVERS, R. S., Central Banking after Bagehot. Oxford, 1957. - GOLLIN, The Commonwealth Bank of A.

SAVERS, R. S., Modern Banking, Oxford. 1938. - GOLLIN, The Commonwealth Bank of A.

SAVING, THOMAS R., A Theory of the Money Supply with Competitive Banking. J. Mon. Ec., July 1977 3(3), 289-303.

SAVING, THOMAS R., Competitive Money Produktion und Price Level Determinancy. THE SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, Texas A & M Unversity, vol. 43, Oct. 1976, 987-995. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition. (JZL) 10 pp in PEACE PLANS 793.

SAVVY, A Barter Firm Goes National. 1p, July 82, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 865. (On Terry Upshaw of Barter Systems Inc.)

SAWYER, JOHN E., The Entrepreneur and the Social Order, France and the United States. In: William Miller, editor, Men in Business: Essays on the Historical Role of the Entrepreneur. (New York, 1962). - Sharp, James Roger: The Jacksonians versus the Banks.

SAXER, J., Die gewillkürten Ordrepapiere. Diss., Zürich 1955. - Lautner, Der „WIR“ Verrechnungsverkehr, 1964.

SAXTON, L. C., The Fall of Poland. New York, 1852. 2 vols. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

SAY, JEAN BAPTISTE, A Catechism of Political Economy. (New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1967)

SAY, JEAN BAPTISTE, A Treatise on Political Economy, Philadelphia. Grigg R. Elliott, 1834, Chapter xv. - The standard translation of the chapter on Say's Law from the fourth French edition of 1821.” - Thomas Sowell, Say’s Law. (New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1971)

SAY, JEAN BAPTISTE, Ausführliches Lehrbuch der praktischen politischen Ökonomie. Bd. 2, Leipzig, Wigand, 1845. - Gerding. - Übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen von Max Stirner. (Freiburg Universität, Volkswirtsch. Seminar, has a reprint. - J.Z.)

SAY, JEAN-BAPTISTE, Des Monnaies, Cours complet d'économie politique pratique. Vol I., Paris, Guillaumin, 1852, pp 372-494. - Nataf

SAY, JEAN BAPTISTE, On the Demand or Market for Products. 1977. In: The Critics of Keynesian Economics, ed. H. Hazlitt. New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 12-22. - Frank Vorhies

SAY, JEAN BAPTISTE, Political Economy. English translation. Philadelphia, 1845. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

SAY, JEAN BAPTISTE, Traité d'économie politique. 5th ed., Paris, Chez Rapilly, 1826), Volume I, Chapter xv. “This is the classic chapter on Say's Law, as modified in 1826 by the addition of several paragraphs at the end expounding a theory of equilibrium income strongly reminiscent of Sismondi. Unfortunately this edition has not been translated into English.” - Thomas Sowell, Say’s Law.

SAY’S LAW, In his underappreciated response to Keynes, the late W. H. Hutt described Say's Law as meaning that ‘the demand for commodities is the supply of non-competing commodities.’ This formulation is somewhat more precise than the one in the text, which is, however, sufficient for my purposes. See Hutt's The Keynesian Episode (Indianapolis: Liberty Press, 1979).” - Stephen Horwitz, Keynes Special Theory, CRITICAL REVIEW, 3/3&4, Summer/Fall 89. - It should, rather, be the supply of competing commodities, services, labors and value standards - and this in form of tickets, warrants, vouchers, clearing certificates etc., all of them competitively and optionally offered for these commodities, services, labors and value standards, i.e., under sound value standard reckoning, which would avoid the monetary factor in the price levels - through the avoidance of inflations as well as deflations. - Will it take another century before Say’s Law is no longer misunderstood.? - I think that Say did take freedom of note issue as well as free choice of value standards for granted in the coinage of his “law”. - J.Z., 9.5.10. - David Glasner argues that Say himself was never explicit about monetarily generated disturbances to his Law because he tacitly assumed that banks would appropriately adjust the supply of money to any changes in demand. As Glasner rightly notes, this assumption is the whole point in question. See Glasner's Free Banking and Monetary Reform (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 61-3. - If ready for sale and wanted consumer goods and services can be freely monetized by those, who offer them, either alone or in more suitable combinations of such suppliers, then, obviously, the monetary demand for these goods will be equal to their supply, at least to the extent that these alternative and optional exchange media are freely issued and accepted. - J.Z., 3.7.10.

SAYERS, R. S. (Prof.) -

SAYERS, R. S. with R. S. Sayers, Papers in English Monetary History (Oxford), including reprint of The Bill of Exchange and Private Banks in Lancashire, 1790-1830/ (joint editors) 1953, from. Ec.H.R., xv, Nos. 1 and 2, 1945. - with R. S. Sayers? Son or daughter with same initials?

SAYERS, R. S., Bank of England Operations, 1890-1914. London, 1936. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling. - Oxford, 1936. - Paul Einzig, How Money Is Managed. The Ends & Means of Monetary Policy.

SAYERS, R. S., Banking in the British Commonwealth. 1952, Oxford,Clarendon Press. - Schuler.

SAYERS, R. S., Central Banking after Bagehot. Oxford University Press 1957. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies. - London, 1957. - Groseclose, Money & Man. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1957. - Take your pick! - Brings also some criticism of central banking. - It would be more accurate to speak of despotic banking rather than central banking. - J.Z., 30.3.10.

SAYERS, R. S., Economic Writings of James Pennington. London: London School of Economics, (ed.), (1963) - Dowd

SAYERS, R. S., Financial Policy, 1939-45. London, 1956. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

SAYERS, R. S., Lloyds Bank in the History of English Banking. (Oxford 1957) “These histories include accounts of the development of the banks' private country bank forerunners.” - Cottrell & Anderson, Money & Banking in England. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

SAYERS, R. S., Modern Banking. Oxford, 1938. - 3rd. ed., Oxford 1951, S.184ff. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank. - 5th ed., 1960. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling. - 6th edition, Oxford University Press, 1964. - Morgan, Monetary Policy for Stable Growth, 1964. - The term “modern” in this connection does certainly not amount to a good recommendation. - J.Z., 27.3.10.

SAYERS, R. S., Ricardo’s Views on Monetary Questions. Pages 76-95, in: ASHTON, T. S. & SAYERS, R. S., Papers in English Monetary History. - JZL.

SAYERS, R. S., The Bank in the Gold Market, 1890-1914. Pages 132-150, in: ASHTON, T. S. & SAYERS, R. S., Papers in English Monetary History. - JZL.

SAYERS, R. S., The Bank of England, vol. III. A continuance of the official history by Sir J. H. Clapham, was in progress by 1974. - Cottrell & Anderson, Money & Banking in England.

SAYERS, R. S., The development of central banking after Bagehot. In: R. S. Sayers, Central Banking after Bagehot, Oxford: Clarendon. (1958)

SAYERS, R. S., The Question of the Standard in the 1850s. ECONOMIC HISTORY, vol. ii, Jan. 1933. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

SAYERS, R. S., The Question of the Standard, 1815-44. ECONOMIC HISTORY, vol. iii, Feb. 1935. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

SAYERS, R. S., The Return to Gold. 1925, pages 313 to 327 in: PRESSNELL, L. S., Studies in the Industrial Revolution, edited by Pressnell and presented to T. S. Ashton, University of London, The Athlone Press, 1960, indexed and with bibliography of Academic Writings of T. S. Ashton, 350pp. - JZL.

SAYOUS, ANDRÉ E., Les Banques de dépôts. Paris 1901. - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen.

SCAMMELL, W. M., International Monetary Policy, Bretton Woods and After. London, 1957. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling. - Macmillan, London, 1975. - Morgan, E. V. & A. D., Gold or Paper?

SCAMMELL, W. M., International Trade and Payments. Macmillan, London, 1974. - Morgan, E. V. & A. D., Gold or Paper?

SCHACHT, Dr. HJALMAR The Stabilization of the Mark. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1927) p.55. - Bruce Bartlett. - His “stabilization” - if it was his, for Luther may have still been President of the Reichsbank then - retained two of the worst features: the issue monopoly of the Reichsbank and its legal tender power and thus prepared for the next inflations. Only for a short period did the “Rentenmark” not possess legal tender power. It was also, quite wrongly “based” on real estate values. - J.Z., 25.2.10.

SCHACHT, Dr. HJALMAR, Abrechnung mit Hitler. Frankfurt, 1949. - Dr. Hans F. Sennholz, The Second German Inflation… (1933-1948) The United States - 1970 until? - Wasn’t Schacht, too, more of a victimizer than a victim? Was he held responsible for his collaboration with the Nazis and before, for upholding monetary despotism, which made the Nazi Regime and WW II possible in the first place? - J.Z., 19.5.10.

SCHACHT, Dr. HJALMAR, Mehr Geld. Mehr Kapital. Mehr Arbeit. Otto Meissners Verlag, Schloss Bleckede/Elbe, 1949, 119 S. - Ulrich von Beckerath schrieb dazu am 10.9.53: „Versuchen Sie, einen richtigen Satz in den 119 Seiten zu entdecken, der keine Selbstverständlichkeit ist!“ - Unter dem von mir verfilmten Material is auch ein Brief von Ulrich von Beckerath, 26.1.53, an Herrn QUILITZ über Schacht und seine Genossen, im Gegensatz zu dem Programm der „Berliner Gesellschaft von 1952 zur Bekämpfung der Ursachen der Arbeitslosigkeit.“ Ebenfalls Eine 3 S. Kritik zu der obigen Schrift, geschrieben am 29.9.53 von Willi Naumann, Berlin W. 30, Steinmetzstr. 60, einem Mitglied der genannten Gesellschaft. - J.Z., 3.4.10. - JZL.

SCHACHT, HJALMAR, The Stabilization of the Mark. George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., London, 1927. - Edwin W. Kemmerer, Gold and the Gold Standard. - He was, rather, an expert on un-stabilizing it, through continuing the monetary despotism that was already legally established in 1910, in preparation for WW I. - J.Z., 14.4.10. - Just compare how its value fluctuated and, finally, fell after this “stabilization”, which left all the pre-conditions for further inflations and also deflations intact! - J.Z., 27.3.10.

SCHACHTER, M., The Theory of Crisis: Marx, Hayek and Keynes. M.A. thesis, 1951. University of Colorado at Boulder. - Frank Vorhies

SCHAEFER, C. A., Klassische Valuta-Stabilisierungen und ihre Lehren für die Markstabilisierung. Hamburg, 1922. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

SCHAFER, JOSEPH, Four Wisconsin Counties: Prairie and Forest. Wisconsin Domesday Book: General Studies, Vol. II. Madison, 1927. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

SCHÄFER, VINCENZ, Chronologie des deutschen Bankwesens. München 1896. - Siegfried Hirsch, Die Bank, 1923.

SCHANZ, GEORG, 1.) Abrechnungsstellen. 9 S. - 2.) Agio, 1 S. - 3.) Giroverkehr, 10 S. - 4.) Noten- oder Zettelbank, 20 S. In: Wörterbuch der Volkswirtschaft, herausgegeben von Prof. Ludwig Elster, Jena, Fischer, 1898, 2. Band, S. 299-313. 29x, in PEACE PLANS 737. (JZL)

SCHANZ, GEORG, Noten- oder Zettelbank. Artikel im Wörterbuch der Volkswirtschaft. 2. Aufl. Jena 1907. - Obst.

SCHANZ, GEORG, Wechsel. Artikel im Wörterbuch der Volkswirtschaft. - Diehl & Mombert, Vom Gelde.

SCHÄR, J. FR., Die Bank im Dienste des Kaufmanns. Leipzig 1919. - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen.

SCHÄR, J. FR., Technik des Bankgeschäfts. 3.Aufl. Berlin 1908. - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen.

SCHARF, J. T., Chronicles of Baltimore. Baltimore, 1874. - Carothers, Fractional Money.

SCHARF, J. T., History of Maryland. Baltimore, 1879. - Carothers, Fractional Money.

SCHARLING, W., Bankpolitik. Jena, G. Fischer, 1900. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank. - SMITH, VERA C.

SCHAUINGER, J. HERMAN, The Letters of Godlove S. Orth, Hoosier Whig." (ed.) INDIANA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY 39 (Dec. 1943): 365-400. Also, ibid, 40 (Mar. 1944): 51-66. - SHADE, G. W. (1972)

SCHEDVIN, C. B., Australia and the Great Depression. Sydney. Sydney University Press. (1970) - Dowd

SCHEDVIN, C. B., Economic Policy in Depression and Recovery in Australia: 1927-1935. Ph.D. thesis, University of Sydney, 1963.

SCHEDVIN, C. V. The Growth of Bank Regulation in Australia. Paper presented to the joint universities conference 'Regulating Commercial Banks: Australian Experience in Perspective', Melbourne: August 1989. - Dowd

SCHEFFLER, JOH., Das Geldwesen in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika. Strassburg 1908. - Obst.

SCHEFFLER, JOH., Staatliche Theorie und pragmatische Behandlung des Geldes. DEUTSCHE REICHSBANKBLÄTTER, 4. Jahrgang, 8.Heft, S. 145-152; 9. Heft, S.164-172; 10. Heft, S. 184-191; 11. Heft, S.204-207, alles Leipzig, 1906. - Knapp.

SCHEFFLER, JOHANNES, Das Geldwesen der Vereinigten Staaten von America im 19. Jahrhundert vom Standpunkte des Staates. 123 S. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von Knapp, Strassburg, Verlag von Karl Truebner, Heft XXV, 1908..

SCHEIBER, HARRY N., George Bancroft and the Bank of Michigan, 1837-1841. MICHIGAN HISTORY, XLIV (March, 1960). 82-90. - Sharp, James Roger: The Jacksonians versus the Banks. - Woodford, Detroit & its Banks.

SCHEIBER, HARRY N., The Pet Banks in Jacksonian Politics and Finance, 1833-41. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY, XXIII (June, 1963), 196-214. - Temin. . - Dowd - Central banks are the pet banks of all territorial governments and spread their “excrements” coercively over whole countries, damaging their economies even more so than the wars, revolutions and civil wars that they do also cause, promote and prolong. The “Great Inflation” and the Great Depression, following WW I, each of them, caused even greater harm, economically, to the German people, than WW I did (although they did not directly directly kill as many people, if one does not count the influenca epidemic victims caused by the malnourishment that followed the impoverishment connected with central banking). - They did also lead to the Nazi Regime, the Holocaust, WW II and the spread of totalitarian communist regimes for decades. Nevertheless, central banking , a State Socialist platform point of Marx and Engels, is still continued, even in all supposedly democratic, republican and “free” countries, at enormous cost and risk to almost everyone. - Their directors are even presented as heroes and rescuers of economies, in complete disregard of the facts involved, the wrongs and damages they help to continue with the help and powers of their “pets”. - J.Z., 19.5.10.

SCHELLENBERG, JAKOB, Rudolf Steiner und Silvio Gesell, mit Literaturhinweisen. 103 S. Sonderdruck von FRAGEN DER FREIHEIT, 1982. „Der Mackay-Gesellschaft übereignet vom Verfasser.“ - (Rudolf Steiner, 1861-1925, Silvio Gesell, 1862-1930.) Mit einer Besprechung von Hans Hoffmann, in EVOLUTION, Nr. 5, Mai 1983. - JZL.

SCHERMAN, HARRY, The Promises Men Live By. A New Approach to Economics. Random House, New York, 1938, indexed, 492pp. - Alas, he still shares too many of the common errors, false assumptions and prejudices. - J.Z., 4.4.10. - JZL.

SCHEU, DR. ROBERT, Neues Geld. Vom Tausch über den Warenclearing zum vollwertigen Zahlungsmittel, Verlag C. Schmeidel, GmbH, Wien, 1947. 45 S. - A complete edition is wanted. He describes a type of goods warrants system. In my photocopy, from K. Z.'s incomplete original, pages 15-30 & 42ff, are missing. J.Z.) Incomplete as it is, it was microfilmed in PEACE PLANS 738, 29x.

SCHEU, ROBERT, Gedenkblatt, 1948, 4 S. (I still want the 2 titles mentioned there! - J.Z., 15.7.10.) In PEACE PLANS 906.

SCHEUTTINGER, ROBERT L. & BUTLER, EAMONN F., Forty Centuries of Wage and Price Controls: How Not to Fight Inflation. - Forty Centuries of Wage and Price Controls: How Not To Fight Inflation - Robert L. Scheuttinger Eamonn F. Butler - The Heritage Foundation, 1978 - Related: Books Online Books - Online at the Mises Institute.

SCHICKHAUS, H., Währungsausgleichsfonds unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Bedeutung für die Währungs- und Kreditpolitik. Rostock, 1938. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

SCHIFF, ERIC, Incomes Policies Abroad. American Enterprise Institute, Washington, D.C., 1971/1972. - Incomes Policies Abroad, Part I (Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute, 1971) p.11. - Incomes Policies Abroad, Part 2 (Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute, 1972) p. 7. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation. - (“Two volumes giving a clear and readable review of the incomes policies operating in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Sweden, France, West Germany, Austria, Denmark, and Canada. Informative and useful; the broad conclusion is that controls have not been made to work in any of those countries, although some have attained a measure of success with other policies.”) - Whenever I hear or see the term “policy”, I expect to find at least some wrongs and stupidities in its details. - Among other things the term implies the right of some people to country-wide or territorially determine, arbitrarily or by force of legislation, not deserving the term “laws”, what the incomes of other people should be, how they may earn them, how they may spend what is left to them after paying the direct tax tributes and it assumes that a quite free market is unable to allocate incomes justly, e.g. via really free choices of buyers and sellers. - J.Z., 20.3.10. “Income policy” is the same kind of “policy” that bank robbers pursue. But the bank robbers do at least not pretend that their robberies are committed for the benefit of their victims. - J.Z., 19.5.10.

SCHIFF, IRWIN A., The Great U.S. Money Swindle. 7pp, in PEACE PLANS 1656-1659, p.338.

SCHILCHER, R., Geldfunktionen und Buchgeldschöpfung. Ein Beitrag zur Geldtheorie. Berlin, 1958. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

SCHILKE, OSCAR G. & SOLOMON, RAPHAEL E., America’s Foreign Coins. An Illustrated Standard Catalogue with Valuations of Foreign Coins with Legal Tender Status in the United States 1793-1857. The Coin & Currency Institute, Inc., Book Publishers, New York 1, N.Y., 1964, with bibliography & index: 211pp. - JZL. “An illustrated catalog of all coins formerly enjoying legal tender status in the U.S., gives fascinating insights into an era which saw more foreign than American coins in daily use. - Alexander, Coin World, Cat. & Encyclopedia.

SCHINCKEL, MAX, Reichsbank und Giroverkehr. Hamburg 1898. - Obst.

SCHIPPEL, MAX, Die Währungsfrage und die Sozialdemokratie. - Ulrich von Beckerath.

SCHIRMER, A., Gewerbepolitik“ In: Handbuch der Schweizerischen Volkswirtschaft, Bd. I, S. 523 ff., Bern 1939. - Lautner, Der „WIR“ Verrechnungsverkehr, 1964.

SCHJOTH, FREDRIK, Chinese Currency. Rev. and ed. Virgil Hancock. Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications, 1965. - DOTY (1978).

SCHLAEGERI, JULII CAROLI, De Nummis. Helmaestadii, 1737. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

SCHLESINGER, ARTHUR M., Jr., Paths to the Present. New York, 1949. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

SCHLESINGER, ARTHUR M., Jr., Review of Walter B. Smith's Economic Aspects of the Second Bank, of the United States. AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW, LIX (October, 1953), 140-41. - Sharp, James Roger: The Jacksonians versus the Banks.

SCHLESINGER, ARTHUR M., The Age of Jackson. Boston, Little Brown, 1945, - Meyers, Marvin + Remini. - A Mentor Book, published by The New American Library, 1949, 1964, 192pp. - JZL.

SCHLESINGER, HELMUT, Besprechung von Heinrich Rittershausens „Die Zentralnotenbank“. 4 S., 1965, in PEACE PLANS 813.

SCHLESINGER, KARL, Theorie der Geld und Kreditwirtschaft. 1914. München. - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

SCHLESINGER, M. Jr., The Age of Jackson. (Boston, 1946) - “… a brilliant work whose appearance after World War II set off a new round of discussion and investigation into the era of Andrew Jackson.” - Remini.

SCHLIEPHACKE, BRUNO P., Statistische Tafeln zur Krisengeschichte der Zinswirtschaft seit 1920 bis 1932. Verlag der FZ, Freiwirtschaftliche Zeitung, Erfurt, Wissenschaftliche Schriftenreihe der FZ, Nr. 25, 1931. - Die Zinsgegner reden und schreiben als ob es nicht jedem Menschen, besonders ihnen, ganz frei stehen würde anderen Leuten zinslos Geld zu leihen! - J.Z., 10.4.10. - Es ist sehr intolerant von ihnen zu verlangen, dass andere Leute, die ihr Vorurteil gegen Zins nicht teilen, ihnen zinslose Kredite geben sollten! Warum nicht gleich Geschenke verlangen? Warum sollten Schuldner die Profite die sie mit geborgtem Geld machen nicht gerecht, nach Marktpreiszinssätzen, mit ihren Gläubigern teilen? Wenn sie dabei 30 oder gar 50% im Jahre machen können, ist das dann auch „Wucher“ oder liegt Wucher nur vor wenn sie dann und davon 15% bis 25 % an ihre Gläubiger zahlen müssten? - J.Z., 2.6.10. - Wie Ulrich von Beckerath es oft ausdrückte: Kaptial, als vorgetane Arbeit, hat auch das Recht auf seinen gerechten Arbeitsertrag, marktgemäss bemessen. - J.Z., 15.7.10. - JZL.

SCHLOSS, HENRY H., The Bank for International Settlements. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1958. - Antony C. Sutton, The War on Gold.

SCHLÖSSER, R., Chinas Münzen. Werl (Westfalen) 1935. Dazu Besprechung von O. Franke, in: OLZ 1937, 564. - Herbert Franke, Geld- & Wirtschaft in China unter der Mongolen-Herrschaft.

SCHLÖSSER, R., Die Münzen der beiden Epochen Chi Yüan. In: Artibus Asiae V, H. 1,38-46. - Herbert Franke, Geld- & Wirtschaft in China unter der Mongolen-Herrschaft.

SCHMALENBACH, E., Die Finanzierung der Betriebe. 3 Bde, 1951ff. - Rittershausen, Wirtschaft, 1960 Auflage.

SCHMALENBACH, E., Finanzierungen. 3. Aufl., Leipzig, 1922. - Friedrich Leitner, Finanzierung der Unternehmungen, 1927.

SCHMID, WERNER, Der Kaufmann als Forscher. - Blüher et al, Silvio Gesell, 1960.

SCHMID, WERNER, Geschichte des Schweizer Frankens. Verlag Paul Haupt, Bern 1975. - BINN, Konjunkturepolitik am Scheideweg.

SCHMID, WERNER, Silvio Gesell. Lebensgeschichte eines Pioniers. 364 S. Genossenschaft Verlag freiwirtschaftlicher Sdiriften, Bern - Zürich. - Blüher et al, Silvio Gesell, 1960.

SCHMIDT, ALFRED, Die Staatliche Theorie des Geldes. EUROPÄISCHE STAATS- UND WIRTSCHAFTS-ZEITUNG vom 20. Juli 1918, S. 537. - Knapp.

SCHMIDT, ALFRED, Die staatliche Währungspolitik im System der Chartaltheorie. WELTWIRTSCHAFTLICHES ARCHIV, Bd. XVI, Heft 1 u. 2, Juli und Oktober 1920. - Knapp.

SCHMIDT, ALFRED, Geschichte des englischen Geldwesens im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert. 204 S., Heft XXXII, 1914. - Abhandlungen herausgegeben von Knapp, Strassburg, Verlag von Karl Truebner.

SCHMIDT, ALFRED, Knapps Schule und die jüngeren Geldtheoretiker. NORDDEUTSCHE ALLGEMEINE ZEITUNG vom 15. Mai 1918; im volkswirtschaftlichen Teil, 3 Spalten. - (A. S. aus Essen) - Knapp. - Geld gibt es nun schon seit tausenden von Jahren, in einer oder der anderen Form und damit zahlreiche Erfahrungen über das Geld. Dennoch sind sich die „wissenschaftlichen“ Theoretiker immer noch nicht einig über seine Natur und die gerechten und nützlichen Formen davon. Das sagt nicht viel für die Theoretiker. - Leider sieht es ebenso in den anderen „Sozialwissenschaften“ aus! - Diese „Wissenschaftler“ bekämpfen einander viel lieber als einander zu tolerieren, nicht nur für ihre verschiedenen Meinungen, Ideen und Vorschläge, sondern auch für ganz tolerant durchgeführte Experimente unter ihren Freiwilligen. Die Naturwissenschaften und die Technik, die Künste, die Literatur, Sport, Lebensstile usw. sind schon lange auf die Experimentierfreiheit gestützt und haben sich daher rasch und vielfältig entwickelt. Die Religionen in den meisten Ländern haben wenigstens die Religionsfreiheit anerkannt. Aber die „Sozialwissenschaftler“ liegen sich immer noch in den Haaren und in manchen Ländern brachten und bringen sie einander und ihre Anhänger immer noch zu Tausenden bis Millionen um. - Dennoch treten nur wenige Geldtheoretiker für die Experimentierfreiheit fuer alle ein! - Dadurch entwerten sie sehr was sie zu sagen haben. - J.Z., 9.3.10.

SCHMIDT, ALFRED, Neuere Urteile über die Staatliche Theorie des Geldes. SCHMOLLERS JAHRBUCH, Bd. XLI, 2. Heft, 1917, S. 375-394; auch zahlreiche Artikel in der RHEINISCH-WESTFÄLISCHEN ZEITUNG. (A. S. aus Essen) - Knapp.

SCHMIDT, ALFRED, Schwarzwald und die Staatliche Theorie des Geldes. [Dr.] BANK-ARCHIV, XIII. Jahrgang Nr.18 (1914), S.307-308. - (A. S. aus Essen) - Knapp. - Nur für Gemeinschaften von Freiwilligen gemeint hätte es eine stattliche Theorie sein können. Aber die meisten Reformer wollen ihr angebliches Ideal immer dem ganzen Volke in einem Lande gesetzlich aufzwingen, statt damit zufrieden zu sein, unter ihrern Freiwilligen damit experimentieren zu dürfen. Das würden ihnen die meisten Dissidenten verhältnismässig leicht zugestehen, wenn es ganz klar als ein Recht und eine Freiheit für alle verlangt wird. - J.Z., 9.3.10.

SCHMIDT, F., Bargeldloser Zahlungsverkehr.“ [Cashless Payments Dealings.] HANDWÖRTERBUCH DER STAATSWISSENSCHAFTEN. Edited by Elster, Ludwig; Weber, Adolf; and Wieser, Friedrich, Bd. II, S.330-361, 4. Aufl., Jena, Gustav Fischer, 1924. - Lautner, Der „WIR“ Verrechnungsverkehr, 1964. - T. Cowen & R. Kroszner, Nov. 90.

SCHMIDT, F., Der Zahlungsverkehr. Leipzig 1920. - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen.

SCHMIDT, GEORG, Der Einfluß der Bank- und Geldverfassung auf die Diskontpolitik im Deutschen Reich, England, Frankreich, Österreich-Ungarn, Belgien und den Niederlanden. Leipzig, 1910. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

SCHMIDT, HERMANN, Tate's Cambist. London, 1880. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

SCHMIDT, LOUIS BERNARD, Internal Commerce and the Development of National Economy Before 1860." JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, XLVII (December, 1939), 798-822. - Sharp, James Roger: The Jacksonians versus the Banks.

SCHMIDT, WERNER, Lebensgeschichte eines Pioniers. (1954) - GRÜNES LAND, Inflation und Arbeitslosigkeit sind Betrug mit Falschgeld, 1974. - (Gesellians! - J.Z.)

SCHMIDT-BIESALSKI, ANGELIKA, Geld regiert die Welt. Peter Hammer + Guenter Banzhaf: Verlag. Wuppertal 1986. - From: Holger Lemme - Newsgroups: cl.wirtschaft.geld - Subject: Literatur-Liste, Date: 17 Apr 95. - Literatur zum Thema "Gerechtes Geld". (No my definition of it! - J.Z.) - Markiert als: „Geld Allgemein“. Es mag daher näher an der Wirklichkeit liegen, selbst wenn es nur Zentralbankgeld betrachtet, als die Ideen und Meiningen allzuvieler „Geldreformer.” - J.Z., 4.3.10. - Gutes Geld ist nicht unmöglich - aber verboten! - J.Z., 4.3.10. - Das Geld der Territorialregierungen ist fast ebenso inflationiert wie ihre Macht. Um ihr Geld stabil zu halten brauchen sie keine Macht aber Ehrlichkeit. Die fehlt ihnen sehr. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SCHMIDT-ESSEN, Dr. ALFRED, Valuta-Fibel. Jena 1921, 96 Seiten.

SCHMITT, BERNHARD, Theorie des Kreditgeldes. - Hückel, 1982.

SCHMITZ, OTTO, Die Bewegung der Warenpreise in Deutschland von 1851 bis 1902. Berlin, Franz Siemenroth, nebst Ergänzungen: Bankdiskont, Goldproduktion und Warenpreisstand, Der Weizenpreis von 400 v. Chr. bis 1900, 1903, 443 S., Berlin, Franz Siemenroth. JZL. (Good collection of facts and statistics for refuting the "gold inflation" argument. - J.Z.)

SCHMITZ, W. G., Kapitalbeteiligung des Arbeitnehmers am arbeitgebenden Unternehmen. 1955. - Rittershausen, Wirtschaft, 1960 Auflage.

SCHMÖLDERS, GÜNTER, - (Prof. Dr.)

SCHMÖLDERS, GÜNTER, & RITTERSHAUSEN, HEINRICH, Moderne Investitionsfinanzierung. 1958. - Rittershausen, Wirtschaft, 1960 Auflage.

SCHMÖLDERS, GÜNTER, Das Problem einer Koordinierung von Geld- und Finanzpolitik im Hinblick auf die Sicherung stetigen Wirtschaftswachstums. SCHRIFTEN DES VEREINS FÜR SOCIALPOLITIK, N. F., Bd. 15, Berlin 1959. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

SCHMÖLDERS, GÜNTER, Die Zigarettenwährung. KÖLNER UNIVERSITÄTSZEITUNG, 1947, Vol. 5, p.70. - Dr. Hans F. Sennholz, The Second German Inflation… (1933-1948) The United States - 1970 until? - Also in: KÖLNER UNIVERSITÄTSZEITUNG, 1948, No. 6?

SCHMÖLDERS, GÜNTER, Frankreichs Aufstieg zur Weltkapitalmacht (Diplomatie und Strategie des französischen Geldes). Berlin, 1933. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

SCHMÖLDERS, GÜNTER, Geldpolitik. Tübingen - Zürich, 1962. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank. - 1968, p.344 et seq. - Dr. Hans F. Sennholz, The Second German Inflation… - Keine territoriale Politik mit dem Geld mehr! Jedem das Geld seiner Träume und seiner eignen Wahl! - J.Z., 11.3.10.

SCHMÖLDERS, GÜNTER, Gutes und schlechtes Geld. Frankfurt/Main: Fritz Knapp Verlag 1968 (Taschenbücher für Geld, Bank und Börse, Bd. 21). - Flamant + Gerding. - Die subjektive Werttheorie ist auch hier anwendbar. Man sollte denen, die schlechtes Geld vorziehen, für ihr eignes Wirschaftssystem, ihr dummes und für nur sie schädliches Spielchen lassen - aber ihnen nicht mehr erlauben, es anderen aufzuzwingen. - Trat Schmölders für ein wirklich rechtmässiges und vernünftiges Geldsystem ein? Ich weiss es nicht, aber habe meine Zweifel. - J.Z., 11.3.11.

SCHMÖLDERS, GÜNTER, J. M. Keynes's Beitrag zur Ökonomischen Verhaltensforschung. In: G. Schmölders, R. Schroder, H. St. Seidenfus, John Maynard Keynes als Psychologe. Berlin 1956. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies. - He knew the majority of statists and knew what would please them. Any journalist knows that much of psychology. - J.Z., 3.7.10.

SCHMÖLDERS, GÜNTER, Ökonomische Verhaltungsforschung. ORDO 5.Bd, Düsseldorf München. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

SCHMÖLDERS, GÜNTER, Psychologic des Geldes. Reinbach, 1966. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies. - (Wirtschaftsverlag Langen-Müller/Herbig. Jahr? - J.Z.) - Geld ist kein Lebewesen. Es hat keine Psychologie! - Bei der Psychologie der Zahlungsfähigkeit von Personen muss man unterscheiden zwischen Zahlungsfähigkeit mit Monopolzahlungsmitteln und Zahlungsfähigkeit unter voller Geldfreiheit. - Der Grad der Zahlungsunfähigkeit ist sehr verschieden zwischen diesen beiden Systemen. - Der monetäre Despotismus macht nur die Regierungen „zahlungsfähig“, auf inflationäre Weise, - für viele ihrer unrechtmässigen und aggressiven Handlungen. Die durch diesen Despotismus möglich gemachten Deflationenen machen aber auch viele ihrer Steueropfer unfähig die Zwangssteuern an sie zu zahlen oder auch nur zu erarbeiten. Insofern schaden die Regierungen sich selbst. Andererseits gesteht man ihnen in Notzeiten noch mehr Macht zu als in guten Zeiten. Insofern profitieren sie von Krisen, ihre Machtsucht sättigend, und ihre Mitglieder hungern dabei nicht - sondern können auch ihre geheimen Schweizer Bankkonten weiter vergrössern. - „Fat cats“ sind meist unter ihnen zuerst zu beobachten. Auch in ganz unterentwickelten Ländern. Wie ein altes Sprichwort sagt: „Selbst die schlechtesten Regierungen können immer noch das Elend ihrer Untertanen ‚mit Würde’ ertragen.“ - Sie werden nur selten zur Rechenschaft gezogen. - J.Z., 30.3.10, 19.5.10.

SCHMÖLDERS, GÜNTER, SCHRODER, R. & SEIDENFUS H. St., J. M. Keynes Als Psychologe. Duncker and Humblot, Berlin 1956. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies. - Schröder? Seidenfuss? - J.Z. -

SCHMÖLDERS, GÜNTER, The Decline of the Money Illusion. Committee for Monetary Research and Education, Greenwich, Connecticut, Tract 5, 1974, 17pp.

SCHMÖLDERS, GÜNTER, Umgang mit Geld als Forschungsaufgabe. Die Bedeutung der Kassenhaltungs- und Zahlungsgewohnheiten für Geldtheorie und Geldpolitik. In: Büschgen, Hans E., Geld, Kapital & Kredit, C. E. Poeschel Verlag, Stuttgart, 1968, p.15.

SCHMÖLDERS, GÜNTER, Von der Quantitädtstheorie zur Liquiditätstheorie des Geldes. Abhandlungen der Geistes und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse. Jahrgang 1960, Nr. 12, Franz Steiner, Wiesbaden 1961. - Frankel, S. Herbert, Money: Two Philosophies. - Both are one-sided views of forced and exclusive currencies only, ignoring what happens under a competitive supply of exchange media, free-market rated against freely chosen value standards. The right quantity or volume of exchange media and the maximum liquidity are only obtainable under full monetary freedom. - J.Z., 30.3.10.

SCHMOLLER, GUSTAV, Grundriss der allgemeinen Volkswirtschaftslehre. Leipzig, 1908. 2. Band. Leipzig 1924. - Jacob Kautsch, Handbuch des Bank- und des Börsenwesens, 3 Auflage, 1912. - Max Franzke, Untergang der Welt-Goldwährung? 1931.

SCHMOLLER, GUSTAV, Simmel's Philosophic Des Geldes. SCHMOLLER'S JAHRBÜCHER, 1901, no.3. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

SCHMORTMANN, M., Die Zentralnotenbanken im Dienste der staatlichen Kassenverwaltung. Tübingen, 1910. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

SCHNAPPER, EDUARD, Zur Entwickelung des englischen Depositenbankwesens. Zürich 1900.

SCHNEIDER, E., Einführung in die Wirtschaftstheorie. I./III. Teil, Tübingen 1947, 1949, 1953. - Gisin (1955) - Bd. 3: Geld, Kredit, Volkseinkommen und Beschäftigung. 4. Aufl. 1957. - Rittershausen, Wirtschaft, 1960 Auflage.

SCHNEIDER, ERICH, Automatism or Discretion in Monetary Policy? Banca Nazionale del Lavoro (June 1970): 111-127. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

SCHNEIDER, FRIEDRICH & FREY, BRUNO S., Politico-Economic Models of Macro-economic Policy. In: Political Business Cycles: The Political Economy of Money, Inflation, and Unemployment, ed. Thomas D. Willett (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1988). - White, Competition & Currency.

SCHNEIDER, GEORG, Die finanziellen Beziehungen der florentinischen Bankiers zur Kirche von 1285-1304. Leipzig 1899. - Obst.

SCHNEIDER, KEITH, Economics, Hate and the Farm Crisis. NYT, 7 Dec. 87, 2pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 865.

SCHOECK, HELMUT, Envy: A Theory of Social Behaviour. Seeker & Warburg, London 1969. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

SCHOEFFLER, S., The Failure of Economics: A Diagnostic Study. Cambridge, 1955. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank. - Economics fails only if it is not properly understood and freely applied. Then it becomes, rather, anti-economics. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SCHOHL, FRANK, A Schumpeterian Heterogeneous Agent Model of the Business Cycle. - Vol. 2 Num. 1 - Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics - Online at the Mises Institute.

SCHOLTEN.C., Coins of the Dutch Overseas Territories. - Sanford J DURST, NUMISNATIC PUBLICATIONS, N.Y., 1981.

SCHOLZ, WILLIAM, Communication in the Business Organization. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1962. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking. - One should distinguish between communication in hierarchical organizations and those within the various self-management schemes. - J.Z., 4.4.10.

SCHÖN, GÜNTER, World Coin Catalogue TWENTIETH CENTURY. Translated by Ernest Sheridan, Second Edition, 1975, Barrie & Jenkins, Communica-Europa, 1088pp. - JZL.

SCHÖNBERG, GUSTAV, Handbuch der Politischen Ökonomie. 4. Aufl., Tübingen 1896ff., 4 Bände - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen.

SCHÖNBERG, MANFRED, Notgeld des Stammwerkes der Hoechst AG. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Inflationsjahre 1918-1923. Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft, Frankfurt/M, 1978, 140 S., 24x, with some notes by myself, 1987, in PEACE PLANS 734. Berichtet u.a. über wertbeständiges Notgeld. Illustrations, among other things, of stable-value emergency issues. - J.Z., 10.4.10. - JZL.

SCHÖNWANDT, M., Geldschöpfung und Wirtschaftsaufschwung. WÄHRUNG UND WIRTSCHAFT, Heft 31, 32, 33, Dezember 1950. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

SCHOOL OF COOPERATIVE INDIVIDUALISM, THE, Essays. Incomplete 410pp, in PP 1668/69. Welcome to the Home Pages, introduction to the School, Contents & URLs, 6pp: 1. Edward J. Dodson ejdodson@home.com  http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/ Note: I am not a Georgist myself. However, except for his proposal of a "single tax" and his stand on immigration, most of his ideas are acceptable to most propertarian libertarians. - J.Z.

SCHOOL OF LIVING PRESS, Brookville, Ohio, 1967 release. 1p, in PEACE PLANS 913, on free banking.

SCHOOL OF LIVING, WAY OUT, Jan./Feb. 1966 issue, with contributions pro and con Spooner-Tucker-Rothbard, by M.J. Loomis, Tom Marshall, Don Werkheiser, L. Labadie, Erich Hansch, Robert Carnaghan and some quotes from the Tucker - Fisher controversy. With some notes by John Zube in PEACE PLANS 564.

SCHOOLLAND, KEN, Free Market Solutions to World Crises. 1999, 14pp: in PEACE PLANS 1705, p.181.

SCHROETTER, F. Frh. von, Knapps Chartalismus. BERLINER MÜNZBLAETTER, neue Folge, XXVIII. Jahrgang Nr.63, März 1907, S.473-502. - Knapp.

SCHUCKERS, J. W., Finances and Paper Money of the Revolutionary War. Philadelphia, 1874. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S.

SCHUCKERS, J. W., The Life and Public Services of Salmon Portland Chase. N.Y., 1874. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S.

SCHUCKERS, J., Finances & Paper Money of the Revolutionary War. - Sanford J DURST, NUMISNATIC PUBLICATIONS, N.Y., 1981.

SCHUELLER, ALFRED, Konkurrenz der Währungen als Geldwirtschaftliches Ordnungsprinzip. S. 23-50, in WIRTSCHAFTSPOLITISCHE CHRONIK, 26.Jahrg., 1977, Heft 1, 28 S., Institut fuer Wirtschaftspolitik an der Universitaet zu Köln. (JZL) In PEACE PLANS 815.

SCHUELLER, ALFRED, Schuldnerprivilegien als Inflationsursache -Konkurrierende Währungen ein Ausweg? - Seminar fuer freiheitliche Ordnung: FRAGEN DER FREIHEIT, Folge 132, Mai/Juni 1978, S. 38-56. JZL. - 19 S., in PEACE PLANS 805.

SCHUELLER, ALFRED, see MEYER, FRITZ W. und SCHUELLER, ALFRED, Spontane Ordnungen in der Geldwirtschaft und das Inflationsproblem. Walter Eucken Institut, (Hrsg), Vorträge und Aufsätze, Nr. 59, Francke & Mohr 1951, Mohr, Tübingen,1976, 64 S. - (More against than for free banking. Misleading title. - J.Z. JZL)

SCHUELLER, ALFRED, Spontane Ordnungen in der Geldwirtschaft und das Inflationsproblem. 1976, S. MEYER, FRITZ W. SCHUELLER, ALFRED, see MEYER, FRITZ W.

SCHUETTINGER, ROBERT & BUTLER, EAMON, Forty Centuries of Wage & Price Controls. How not to fight inflation. - The Heritage Foundation, Washington. Distributed by Caroline House, Publishers, Inc., Thornwood, New York, 1979. Indexed, with bibliography, 184pp. - JZL. - Friedman, M., Money Mischief.

SCHUETTINGER, ROBERT L., A Brief Survey of Wage and Price Controls From 2800 B.C. to A.D. 1952. Washington, D.C. The Heritage Foundation, 1974. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

SCHUETTINGER, ROBERT L., Four Thousand Years of Wage and Price Controls. POLICY REVIEW, Summer 1978. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

SCHUETTINGER, ROBERT L., Have Controls Ever Worked? The Historical Record: A Survey of Wage and Price Controls Over Fifty Centuries." In: The Illusion of Wage and Price Control (Michael Walker, editor) (Vancouver, Canada: The Fraser Institute. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

SCHUETTINGER, ROBERT L., Wage-Price Control, The First 5,000 Years. In: Wage-Price Control: Myth and Reality. (Sudha Shenoy, editor) Turramurra, Australia: The Centre for Independent Studies, 1978. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

SCHUHMACHER, H., Die Ursachen und Wirkungen der Konzentration im deutschen Bankwesen. SCHMOLLERS JAHRBUCH XXX, 3. - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen. - Bei Abwesenheit von freier Konkurrenz nicht schwer to erraten. - J.Z., 27.3.10.

SCHUKERS, J. W., The Life and Public Services of Salmon Portland Chase ... New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1874. - SHADE, G. W. (1972)

SCHULER, KURT, Note Issue by Banks: A Step toward Free Banking in the United States? - "Note Issue by Banks: A Step toward Free Banking in the United States?" - Kurt Schuler - Cato Journal, v. 20, no. 3, Winter 2001, pp. 453-65. - http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj20n3/cj20n3-8.pdfRelated: Money/Banking, Money, Monetary Policy - Online at the Mises Institute.

SCHULER, KURT, Bankfreiheit, Bibliographischer Aufsatz. Amerikanische Erstveröffentlichung in "HUMANE STUDIES REVIEW", Volume 6, No.1, The Institute for Humane Studies at George Mason University, Herbst 1988. Übersetzung aus dem Amerikanischen: 1989 by Siegfried Schwenke, 50 Kbs, HTML, in my first CD, folder: D FB condensed, file FBKurt Schuler Bankfreiheit HTML.

SCHULER, KURT, Canadian Banking 1837-1867. (1988a) unpublished manuscript, University of Georgia. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System.

SCHULER, KURT, Competitive Note Issue Episodes. March 89, 3pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 865. I couldn's see any to me obvious gaps in his list. A very worthwhile compilation that might spur on further research into these and perhaps some other such episodes. Conventional history is largely an agreed upon fable - as an old proverb says. - J.Z.

SCHULER, KURT, Deposit Insurance Déjà Vu. 5pp, THE FREEMAN, 7/89, 6pp, in PEACE PLANS 904. Also in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.293.

SCHULER, KURT, Evolution of Canadian Banking, 1867-1914. (1988b) 85pp, unpublished manuscript, University of Georgia. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System. Microfilmed in PEACE PLANS 904.

SCHULER, KURT, Free Banking Canada. Pages 79-92, chapter 4, in Dowd, Kevin, (ed.), The Experience of Free Banking. London. Routledge, 1991. - Nataf - (1992) - Dowd

SCHULER, KURT, Free Banking, Bibliographical Essay. HUMANE STUDIES REVIEW, Fall 88, 8pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 866. - I have, probably, extracted only a few, not all of the relevant bibliographies in in PEACE PLANS series. Certainly, I do not want to “hog” all such jobs. - J.Z., 3.7.10.

SCHULER, KURT, Hands Off! The History of Canadian Free Banking. 1985 manuscript. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System. - Alas, even in Canada there was no consistent and complete application of a “hands off” “policy” in this sphere. Dr. Munzer reported on this to Ulrich von Beckerath, in their correspondence. - J.Z., 21.3.10.

SCHULER, KURT, Kevin Dowd, The State and the Monetary System. Extract from a review by Kurt Schuler, 1/2 page, in LAISSEZ FAIRE BOOKS, July1991, p.29. - Microfiched somewhere in PEACE PLANS. - JZL.

SCHULER, KURT, Kurt Schuler's Monetary Economics Reading List. - Monetary economics reading list - http://users.erols.com/currency/monecon.html  - It is only a short list of 26 KBs from 2007, last modified 16. 4. 09 but contains important links to other bibliographical and directory sources. - J.Z., 2.6.10. - I would like to see all such bibliographies combined, with duplicate entries eliminated but not diverse comments on the titles. - However, I certainly cannot cope with this job on my own. - J.Z., 15.7.10.

SCHULER, KURT, Review of Selgin's book for LFB. In PEACE PLANS 787.

SCHULER, KURT, Schuler's guide to currency boards and dollarization

SCHULER, KURT, Should Developing Countries Have Central Banks? London, Institute of Economic Affaires, 1996. - Nataf

SCHULER, KURT, The Demise of Canadian Free Banking. 3pp: in PEACE PLANS 1575/1575, p.383, from MARKET PROCESS. - The Canadian DEGREE of Free Banking! - J.Z. - If it had been comple free banking then, by now, it would, probably, be spread all over the world. - J.Z., A crippled person should not be described as being “fighting fit”. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SCHULER, KURT, The Evolution of Canadian Banking. unpublished MS, Athens, GA: University of Georgia. (1988) - Without sufficient access to all the theories, texts and experiences in this sphere, and under xyz government laws and regulations, it could not freely develop there and then, either. - J.Z., 3.7.10.

SCHULER, KURT, The Failure of Central Banking in Development Countries. THE FREEMAN, 4/95, 4pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.299. - Central banking is one of the main obstacles to free and rapidly advancing economic development, not only in the obviously under-developed countries but also in the countries that are supposed to be already developed. - J.Z., 3.7.10.

SCHULER, KURT, The Promise of Sound Money. Review, 1p, of: DORN, JAMES A. & SCHWARTZ, ANNA J., editors, The Search for Stable Money. Chicago, UCP, 1987: in PEACE PLANS 1575/1575, p.257, from MARKET PROCESS.

SCHULER, KURT, The World History of Free Banking. - The World History Of Free Banking - a short survey only, unless it has been very much enlarged since I last saw it, years ago. - J.Z., 2.6.10. - The World History of Free Banking1867-1914. Unpublished MS, Athens, GA: University of Georgia. (1989) - Oct. 89, with tabulations and bibliography, 57pp, in PEACE PLANS 913.

SCHULER, KURT, to ZUBE, JOHN, 15 Sep. 89, 1/2 p, in PEACE PLANS 904.

SCHULL, JOSEPH & GIBSON, J. DOUGLAS, The Scotiabank Story: A History of the Bank of Nova Scotia, 1832-1982, Toronto, Macmillan of Canada. - Schuler

SCHULTZ, B., Kleine deutsche Geldgeschichte des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts. Berlin, 1976, p.222 - 250. - Dr. Hans F. Sennholz, The Second German Inflation… (1933-1948) The United States - 1970 until?

SCHULTZ, G. P. & ALIBER, R. Z., Guidelines, Informal Controls, and the Market Place. (eds.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1966. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

SCHULTZ, HARRY D., A Treasury of Wall Street Wisdom.

SCHULTZ, HARRY D., Bear Markets - How to Survive and Make Money in Them.

SCHULTZ, HARRY D., Financial Tactics and Terms for the Sophisticated International Investor. Harper & Row, New York etc., 1974, 176pp. - JZL.

SCHULTZ, HARRY D., Handbook for Using and Understanding Swiss Banks.

SCHULTZ, HARRY D., How to Keep Your Money and Freedom. - As if we already had them! - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SCHULTZ, HARRY D., Inflation and Financial Hedges.

SCHULTZ, HARRY D., Panics and Crashes and How You Can Make Money Out of Them. - I think it is more important to work towards preventing them - even if you cannot make any money from that. - Some people even made much money under despotic regimes or from wars and bloody civil wars and revolutions. - I do not envy them for such “earnings opportunities or activities.” - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SCHULTZ, HARRY D., The Dollar Devaluation - Mechanics and Timing.

SCHULTZ, HARRY D., The International Monetary Muddle. La Jolla Rancha Press, La Jolla, Cal., 1969, a mini-book, 58pp. - JZL. - It is not quite as bad as the internal national monetary muddle, since internationally there is at least some competition involved, even if it is only that of the national central banks. - J.Z., 3.7.10.

SCHULTZ, HARRY D., The New Country Approach. "REASON", June 1976, pp 100-103. - Approach towards free banking? For instance M. Oliver, R. Doorn and Conrad Hopman have this approach in mind. - J.Z.)

SCHULTZ, HARRY D., What the Prudent Investor Should Know About Switzerland - and Foreign Money Havens. - At least that there, too, they are exposed to the arbitray interventions of foreign and by now also the own legislators of wrongful laws. - J.Z., 3.7.10.

SCHULZE, JOANNES HENRICUS, Commentatio de Numis Thasiorum, &c. Magdeburgiae. 1737. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885. - JOHANNES? - J.Z.

SCHULZE-GAEVERNITZ, G. v., Die deutsche Kreditbank. Tübingen, 1922. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

SCHULZE-GAEVERNITZ, G. von, Die deutsche Kreditbank, im Grundriss der Sozialökonomik. Tübingen 1915. - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen.

SCHULZE-GAEVERNITZ, G. v., Die englische Kreditpolitik 1914-1921. Berlin, 1924. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

SCHULZ-KIRCHNER, ULRICH, Optimale Geldversorgung im Rahmen alternativer Geldangebotsformen. Peter Lang Verlag A.G., Bern, Frankfurt/M, N.Y, Nancy, 1984. SFr. 52. - JZL.

SCHUMACHER SOCIETY, E. F. Schumacher Society RD 3 Box 76 Great Barrington MA 01230 USA. Founded in memory of the author of Small is Beautiful, the Schumacher Society works to foster appropriate technology, humans scale, and firth-livelihood. It has sponsored several local exchange experiments.

SCHUMACHER, GERTRAUD, or TRAUTE, Dr. (TRAUTE SCHUMACHER - NELLESSEN), Die Entwicklung der Banknote in Deutschland. 1943 dissertation. 144 S. First publication in PEACE PLANS 792. - It contains some important distinctions for monetary freedom theory and practice, between the German and Scottish and the British models, although the author is not a monetary freedom advocate. She studied under Prof. Rittershausen. Included are some comments by Ulrich von Beckerath on an earlier draft and some letter exchanges with Prof. Rittershausen and John Zube, for a total of 166 pages. A 45 year publishing delay is almost typical for such writings. How many unpublished manuscripts that deal with monetary freedom, do still exist? - J.Z.)

SCHUMACHER, HEINZ, Die Ursachen der Geldkrisis. Dresden, 1908, 65 S, Freiburg, Hist. Sem.

SCHUMACHER, HEINZ, Proudhon's Mutualisierung des Kredits. 1934, 114pp, in PEACE PLANS 338

SCHUMACHER, HERMANN, Die deutsche Geldverfassung und ihre Reform. SCHMOLLERS JAHRBUCH, Bd. XXXII Heft 4, 1908. - Knapp. - Den Namen einer “Verfassung” verdient dieser gesetzlich aufgezwungene Geld-Despotismus überhaupt nicht. - Darüber hinaus sind alle territorialen „Verfassungen“ grundsätzlich rechtswidrige und schädliche Verfassungen. - J.Z., 9.3.10.

SCHUMACHER, HERMANN, Geschichte der Deutschen Bankliteratur im Neunzehnten Jahrhundert. In Schmoller's "Entwicklung der Deutschen Volkswirtschaftslehre im Neunzehnten Jahrhundert", vol. 1. - Miller

SCHUMANN, Dr. FRITZ, Die Privatnotenbanken. Ein Beitrag zu ihrer Geschichte und Lage. Die Bankfrage in Württemberg. Verlag Puttkammer & Mühlbrecht, Berlin, 1909, 125 S. - Interesting especially through its report on how the Reichsbank abused its powers towards the few then still remaining small note-issuing banks. - J.Z. - „Seite 72/73. Der ‚Notenschub stellt offenbar einen schweren Verstoss der Reichsbank gegen den Par. 12 des Bankgesetzes vom 14.3.1875 dar. Das ist der Württ. Notenbank entgangen. Die WN hätte die Reichsbank auf Schadensersatz und Unterlassung des Notenschubs verklagen sollen.“ - U. v. Beckerath, 17.5.1956. - Notenschub steht hier für die systematische Ansammlung von privaten Banknoten und ihre plötzliche Präsentierung zur Einlösung unter ungünstigsten Umständen für die Einlösung. U. v. Bth. wies auch darauf hin, dass die volkswirtschafliche Auswirkung dieser wenigen privaten Notenbanken in ihren Provinzen günstig war, obwohl ihre Notenausgabe gesetzlich schon allzusehr beschränkt war. - J.Z., 10.4.10. - JZL.

SCHUMANN, HANS, Arbeiterklasse und Geldpolitik, Verlag von Stritzke & Co., Altenburg Thüringen, 1930, indexed, 200 S. - A central banking advocate with leanings towards Silvio Gesell. Nevertheless, it is interesting as one of the very few writings of State socialists who made an attempt to understand money and currency. He had to fail under the usual errors, false assumptions, conclusions and prejudices. - He shows no knowledge of and no interest for the monetary freedom possibilities. - J.Z., 10.4.10. - JZL. Warning!

SCHUMANN, HANS, Geld und Arbeit. Eine Einführung mit vielen Bildern. Rudolf Zitzmann Verlag, Lauf bei Nürnberg, Leipzig & Bern, 1938, 37 S. - JZL.

SCHUMANN, HANS, Sozialistische Geldpolitik. Ein Buchhinweis - oder, vielmehr, eine Warnung, 1 S., in PEACE PLANS 745.

SCHUMANN, JOHANNES, Gegen den Strom. 1986, Gauke GmbH - Verlag, Münden, 103 S. Fängt schon gleich an mit einer Bemerkung von Silvio Gesell von 1918. - JZL.

SCHÜMER, H., Gutachten über die „WIR“-Wirtschaftsring-Genossenschaft in gewerbepolitischer Sicht. Zürich 1957. - Lautner, Der „WIR“ Verrechnungsverkehr, 1964.

SCHUMPETER, JOSEPH A. History of Economic Analysis. 1954. New York: Oxford University Press.

SCHUMPETER, JOSEPH A., Business Cycles. 2 vols. New York, 1939. Vol. I. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960. - If business were quite free - would we then get many or even any business cycles? - J.Z., 2.6.10. Under monetary and financial despotism the economcy cannot freely run but merely stumble from one lamp post to anther, like a drunk. - J.Z., 3.7.10.

SCHUMPETER, JOSEPH A., Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. 1942. New York, Harper. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain. - Second Edition, Harper & Brothers, Inc., 1947. - Dr. James L. Green, Investments and Sound Money, in MM, undated.

SCHUMPETER, JOSEPH A., Das Sozialprodukt und die Rechenpfennige: Glossen und Beitraege zur Geldtheorie von heute. [The Social Product and the Pfennig of Reckoning: Glosses and Contributions to Present Monetary Theory.]. 1917/1918. ARCHIV FUER SOZIALWISSEN-SCHAFT UND SOZIALPOLITIK. 44, 627-715. - T. Cowen & R. Kroszner, Nov. 90.

SCHUMPETER, JOSEPH A., Das Wesen Des Geldes. [The Essence of Money.] Edited from manuscript and with an introduction by Fritz Karl Mann, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1970. - Mostly drafted by around 1930. - Flamant. - ROBERT L. GREENFIELD & LELAND B. YEAGER, 1983. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies. - Da es sehr viele verschiedene Gelder gab und auch immer noch gibt, wird vielleicht keine einzige Beschreibung “des” Geldes ganz auf alle diese Arten passen, es sei den man sieht alle von ihnen einfach als Verrechnungszeichen an, auf billigem Material ausgedrückt oder auf teuerem. Alle brauchen ein Wertmass das wenigstens für die austauschenden Leute subjektiv gut genug ist. - J.Z., 11.3.10.

SCHUMPETER, JOSEPH A., History of Economic Analysis. Edited by Elizabeth Boody Schumpeter. New York: Oxford University Press and George Allen & Unwin, London, 1954. - Friedman, M., Money Mischief. - “ … the most authoritative” of “… general accounts which pay attention to eighteenth century developments in the theory of money.” - Cottrell & Anderson, Money & Banking in England. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

SCHUMPETER, JOSEPH, The Theory of Economic Development. 1983. Transl. Redvers Opie. New Brunswick: Transaction Books. (Reprint of 1934 ed.) - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

SCHUR, LEON M., The Second Bank of the United States and the Inflation after the War of 1812." JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY LXVIII (April, 1960), 118-34. - Remini.

SCHURZ, CARL, Life of Henry Clay. 2 vols. Boston, 1887.

SCHUSTER, EUNICE M., Native American Anarchism. SMITH COLLEGE STUDIES IN HISTORY, XVII (October, 1931-July, 1932), 5-197. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

SCHUSTER, F., The Bank of England and the State. Manchester 1906. - Obst - J. D.Unwin.

SCHUYLER, LAMBERT, Think Fast America. Hollywood, Cal, 367p., rec. by Labadie. "… decline of liberty due to monopoly of money lending; fall of civilizations concurrent with debased money and debt currency. Constructive suggestions ..."

SCHVAN, A., Towards A New Social Order. London, 1922, George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 128pp. For a mini-State to uphold individual liberty. His chapter A True Currency, pages 50 ff, proposes a tax foundation currency, also related to economic rent and managed by a central bank. 2/3rds of its notes are to be issued at varied discounts of bills for delivered goods. The value standard is to be a gold weight unit, but with no gold stocks as “backing” or redemption fund. - J.Z., 10.4.10. - JZL.

SCHWAB, J.C., The Confederate States of America, 1861-1865. New York, 1902. - White, Horace.

SCHWAN, C. FREDERICK & BOLING, JOSEPH E., World War II. Military Currency. Portage 1978. - Albert Pick

SCHWARTZ, ANNA JACOBSON, Alternative Monetary Regimes: The Gold Standard. In: Alternative Monetary Regimes, ed. Colin D. Campbell and William R. Dougan (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1986), 53. - Tyler Cowen, Why Keynesianism Triumphed or, Could so Many Keynesians Have Been Wrong?

SCHWARTZ, ANNA JACOBSON, Bank runs and deposit insurance reform. (1988) CATO JOURNAL, 7, pp.589-94. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System.

SCHWARTZ, ANNA JACOBSON, Banking school, currency school, and free-banking school. 1989, in: John Eatwell, Murray Milgate, and Peter Newman, eds.. The new Palgrave: Money. (Stockton, New York) 41-49.

SCHWARTZ, ANNA JACOBSON, Pennsylvania and New York Banking Statistics. Unpublished paper for the National Bureau of Economic Research.

SCHWARTZ, PEDRO, Central Bank Monopoly in the History of Economic Thought: A Century of Myopia in England. unpublished paper, presented at the Conference on "European Monetary Union and Currency Competition", Institutum Europaeum, Brussels, 1-2 Dec. 1980. . - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition. Finally published 1984, in P. Salin, ed., Currency, Competition and Monetary Union, The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff. Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking. - To my knowledge, the first pamphlet of Henry Meulen, against central banking and at least for his kind of “free banking”, was published in 1909. He and this freedom had at least a small following in England. After WW II, e.g. by Robert Carnaghan. Hayek did at least hint at this freedom in his “The Constitution of Liberty”, Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., London, Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, etc., on pages 520/21 & 324. If all the free banking articles are sorted out by date, place of publication and nationality, then, probably, quite a few English publications against this monopoly would become obvious. But the prevailing trend was and, indeed, is still territorial, statist, coercive and monopolistic. - Who is to blame for this when all monetary freedom writings are still not published, bibliographically listed, abstracted and reviewed in the cheapest media available and some have been out of print for many decades? - The advocates of print on paper, rather than on microfilms, discs and website or email publishing should ponder this fact and the numerous economic crises that occurred and can be ascribed to monetary and financial despotism. - J.Z., 3.7.10.

SCHWARTZ, STEVEN, The Complete Book of Gold. Horwitz Publications, 1980, 160pp. - JZL. Of or on gold? - Some gold bugs might think that their theses would be “cheap” if only written or printed on paper. - J.Z., 2.6.10. - If it were a complete book on gold then it would have to point out, e.g., all the gold treasures still not dug up or discovered in sunken ships. - J.Z., 3.7.10.

SCHWARTZ, TED, A Sidelight on the Private Coins of Kellogg & Company. NUMISMATIST 34 (February, 1921). - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

SCHWARTZ, TED, Clark, Gruber & Company, Mint of Necessity. COINS, February, 1975. - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

SCHWARTZ, TED, Moffat Coins California Gold. NUMISMATIC SCRAPBOOK MAGAZINE, (September 25, 1974). - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

SCHWARZ, ANNA, Banking School, Currency School, Free Banking School. The New Palgrave Dictionary. London. Macmillan Press. 1987. - Nataf

SCHWARZ, FRITZ, Das Experiment von Wörgl. 1951, 1983, 79 S., in PEACE PLANS 804. - 1992. - From: H.LEMME@top.east.de - (Holger Lemme) Newsgroups: cl.wirtschaft.geld - Subject: Literatur-Liste, Date: 17 Apr 95 - Literatur zum Thema "Gerechtes Geld". (No my definition of it! - J.Z.) - Most Gesellians still see it through rose-coloured glasses and ignore the tax-foundation that was involved. - J.Z., 3.7.10.

SCHWARZ, FRITZ, Das Geldwunder von Wörgl (The Experiment in Wörgl). Verlags-Genossenschaft Freies Volk. Bern, Switzerland. 1951. (in German. No known English translation.) - Der Wunderglaube besteht, leider, immer noch. Die Nutzung der alten Tradition der Steuerfundation spielte dabei die grösste Rolle. Das haben die Gesellianer aber übersehen. - J.Z., 17.2.10.

SCHWARZ, FRITZ, Segen und Fluch des Geldes in der Geschichte der Völker. Band II, 2. Auflage, Genossenschaft Verlag freiwirtschaftlicher Schriften, Bern - Zürich, 1945, mit Namenverzeichnis, 248 S. - Mit 3 Anmerkungen von U. v. Beckerath, 28.7.55, bereits verfilmt. - JZL. - l.Band 258 S. 2. Band 245 S. - Blüher et al, Silvio Gesell, 1960.

SCHWARZ, GONZALO, Can Money Exist Outside of the State? The Virtues of monetary rules and frameworks. Sound Money Essay Contest, 2009. On the Atlas Website, with many more such essays of 2009 and 2010. - How many instances of private and sound money issues do have to be published until, finally, such silly questions will no longer be raised? - J.Z., 3.7.10.

SCHWARZWALD, HERMANN, Goldwährung ohne Gold. BANK-ARCHIV, XIII. Jahrgang Nr. 16, 15. Mai 1914, S. 268-273; besonders S. 272f. - Knapp. - Bloss nach dem Titel zu urteilen, könnte er Goldwert-Rechenwährungen oder Goldgewichtsverrechnungswährungen behandeln. - Nützliche und objektive Beurteilungen aller solcher Schriften fehlen leider immer noch, in den meisten Fällen. - J.Z., 9.3.10. - Die Bemerkung im Titel: „ohne Gold“ ist irreführend. Gemeint ist wohl nur: Ohne Einlösungsversprechen für Banknoten und ohne Goldmünzen-Lieferungsverprechen durch Schuldner, selbst wenn Goldklauseln vereinbart sind. Nur ein bestimmter Goldgewichtswert braucht versprochen zu werden und der kann geliefert werden in anderen und optionalen Zahlungsmitteln, die auch ein anderes Wertmass benutzen, but deren Wert, auf einem freien Markt, dem vereinbarten Goldgewichtswert entspricht. Man sollte in Geldverträgen immer klar zwischen dem Zahlungsmittel und dem Wertmass unterscheiden. Als Zahlungsmittel ist Gold oft zu selten für die meisten Schuldner zu erhalten, wenigstens in den benötigten Mengen. Als blosses Wertmass aber kann es eine unbeschränkte Anzahl von Käufen und Verkäufen vermitteln und einen unbeschränkten Gesamtumsatz, ohne zu Preiserhöhungen, Preisverminderungen oder grossen Preisschwankungen zu führen. Aber als ausschliessliche Zahlungsmittel unterliegen Goldmünzen und Goldpreise der Quantitätstheorie. Wenn, dagegen, nur als Wertmass verwandt, für freie Verrechnungen, mit in Goldmünzen nicht einlösbaren Banknoten und Verrechnungscheinen oder Verrechnuungskonten (auch elektronischen), die in Goldgewichtseinheiten rechnen, kann es eine unbestränkte Anzahl von Umsätzen und unbeschränke Summe von Waren- Arbeits- und Dienstleistungsumsätzen vermitteln, alle von ihnen in Goldgewichtseinheiten gemessen aber nicht in ihnen bezahlt. Das kann man auch heute noch nicht oft genug wiederholen. - J.Z., 3.7.10.

SCHWEGLER, W., WIR“-Wirtschaftsring. Eine kritische Untersuchung über den „WIR“ - Ringtauschverkehr und „WIR“-Kredit. Zürich 1936. - Lautner, Der „WIR“ Verrechnungsverkehr, 1964.

SCHWEIKART, LARRY, Banking in the American South from the Age of Jackson to Reconstruction. Baton Rouge, La., and London: Louisiana State University Press. (1987) - Dowd, Schuler

SCHWEITZER, Dr. ARTUR, Die neue Goldwährung. - Max Franzke, Untergang der Welt-Goldwährung? 1931.

SCHWEIZERISCHE GEWERBEZEITUNG, Bern, 23. Mai 1953 Schweizerisches Handelsamtsblatt, Publ. betr. die WIR. - Gisin (1955)

SCHWENKE, SIEGFRIED H., Anmerkungen. 13.12.84, zu einem Rundbrief von Gesima Vogel, Arrow Verlag, vom 8.12.84, 2pp, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 740. (See Monetary Freedom Network, Rundbrief.) No valid email address known to me for S. H. S. since Feb. 09. He had bad experiences with email and the IN. Last known and relatively recent snail mail address: Siegfried Schwenke, Dorstfelder Hellweg 90, D-44149 Dortmund, Germany, Tel: 0231-1765503. He is still putting final touches on a German book manuscript, on monetary theory, at least most of the working copy of it is or was on line: Webseite für Geldbuch: http://projekte.free.de/geld/buch. - J.Z., 16.2.10.

SCHWENKE, SIEGFRIED H., Monetary Freedom Network, Freenetwork. Articles and lectures, in German, on the monetary freedom tradition upheld and developed by Ulrich von Beckerath, Heinrich Rittershausen et al. Latest article that I have seen by him, when I wrote this note, and only thanks to T. M., was in CONTRASTE, published by by Ökobank Verein, June 86, pages 8 & 9: Orientierung bei Währung und Verrechnung, eine kurze Übersicht. 1 S., 36x, in PEACE PLANS 736. He had planned and, for some time, realized a monetary freedom newsletter and series of booklets. Presently living in Darmstadt (?) and still working on further improving his German manuscript on monetary theory, which is, largely, an elaborate classification system of many of the monetary freedom options, by far not all, since there are simply all too many of them to describe all of them in a single book. - At least part of that manuscript is online or was online for a while. URL above. - He broke of contact with me because of my continued correspondence affiliation with at least one other person, whom he very strongly dislikes. - Obviously, not everybody has to share his dislikes. But then many other radical money reformers have had their particular bias, too. - Perhaps that was one of the motives for classing them as “money cranks”. - J.Z., 8.2.10.

SCHWENKE, SIEGFRIED, Beitrags- und Umsatzfinanzierung einer alternativen Krankenkasse. Monetary Freedom Network, 1987, 1p, in PEACE PLANS 793.

SCHWENKE, SIEGFRIED, Der reine Staat ist nur noch Gewalt. 4 S. Flugblatt, in PEACE PLANS 803.

SCHWENKE, SIEGFRIED, Letter of 7 April 89, with some notes on discussions in the MONETARY FREEDOM NETWORK, Berlin, 5pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 905.

SCIENTIFIC MARKET ANALYSIS, The Nightmare German Inflation. Princeton, N.J.: 1970, p.2. - Bruce Bartlett. - Thanks to the laws establishing a central bank as a monopolist for money issues and granting its notes legal tender power for all of Germany, that nightmarish dream and its consequences, it went beyond anightmare and was made a compulsory experience for Germans, e.g. from 1914 to 1923. In spite of this experience and of the Great Depression, also based upon monetary despotism, this legislated despotism was maintained, only some of the older versions of it were replaced by wrongful legislation of the same type. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SCOTT, ERNEST, The Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-1918. Vol. XI, Sydney, 1938. - GOLLIN, The Commonwealth Bank of A.

SCOTT, J. M., The Circulating Sovereign. Published by the author. 1903. - GOLLIN, The Commonwealth Bank of A.

SCOTT, J. W., et al, En Engleterre: Phipsonisme et Experience de "Homecroft". In: Prof. Edgard Milhaud, Organisation des Echanges et Creation de Travail. Recueil Sirey, Paris, 1934, pp.332-359.

SCOTT, J. W., Phipsonianism and the Homecroft Experiment. - In: MILHAUD, Prof. EDGARD, Ending the Unemployment & Trade Crisis. London, Williams & Norgate, 1935.

SCOTT, JOHN W., Standard Catalogue, Coins of the World, Gold and Silver. 1916. - Schilke & Solomon, America’s Foreign Coins … with Legal Tender Status in the US 1793-1857.

SCOTT, JOHN W., THE COIN COLLECTOR'S JOURNAL, 1876-1888. - Schilke & Solomon, America’s Foreign Coins … with Legal Tender Status in the US 1793-1857.

SCOTT, KENNETH E., & MAYER, THOMAS, Risk and Regulation in Banking: Some Proposals for Federal Deposit Insurance Reform." 1971. STANFORD LAW REVIEW 23 (May). - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

SCOTT, KENNETH E., & WEINGAST, Banking Reform: Economic Propellants, Political Impediments. In: George G. Kaufman, ed., “Reforming Financial Institutions and Markets in the United States. 1994, PP. 19-36.

SCOTT, LESLIE M., Pioneer Gold Money. 1849." OREGON HISTORICAL QUARTERLY 33 (March, 1932). - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

SCOTT, OTTO J., Paper Money in Colonial America. 1984, 1p, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 731.

SCOTT, Sir WALTER, A Third Letter to the Editor of the EDINBURGH WEEKLY JOURNAL, from Malachy Malagrowther, Esq. on the Proposed Change of Currency, 1826. - Thoughts on the Proposed Change of Currency, N.Y., Barnes & Noble, 1972. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

SCOTT, SIR WALTER, The Letters of Malachi Malagrowther. 1826, 1981, 186pp, 36x, in PEACE PLANS 769. - He defended decentralized Scottish banking. - Meulen, Free Banking, pp.114/5. According to Beckerath, he also defended the 1 Pound note. - J.Z.

SCOTT, Sir WALTER, Thoughts on the Proposed Change of Currency. 1826. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935.

SCOTT, W. R., The Constitution and Finance of English, Scottish and Irish Joint Stock Companies to 1720. (Cambridge 1910-12), three volumes. - Cottrell & Anderson, Money & Banking in England.

SCOTT, WILLIAM A., Economic Aspects of the Second Bank of the United States. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1953). - Temin.

SCOTT, WILLIAM A., Money and Banking. New York, 1903. - White, Horace, (1895ff.)

SCOTT, WILLIAM A., The Repudiation of State Debts. N.Y., T. Y. Crowell, 1893. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S. - Reginald Charles McGrane, The Panic of 1837, 1924.

SCOTTISH BANKERS MAGAZINE, The files of the magazine (The Institute of Bankers in Scotland), include many useful articles and paragraphs which provide background interest to late nineteenth and current century issues. - James Douglas

SCOTUS, Three Letters on the Scottish Currency Question. 1844. Edinburgh: William Blackwood. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

SCRIBER, PETER, Letter to Hon. Howell Cobb on Currency. New York, 1857. [Scriber, Peter.] - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

SCRIBNER'S STATISTICAL ATLAS OF THE UNITED STATES, N.Y., 1883. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S.

SCROGGS, WILLIAM O., A Century of Banking Progress. New York: Doubleday, 1924. - Klebaner

SCROGGS, WILLIAM O., Pioneer Banking in Alabama. In: Facts and Factors in Economic History. Articles by Former Students of Edwin Francis Gay. Cambridge, Mass., 1932. - Sharp, James Roger: The Jacksonians versus the Banks.

SCROPE, G. POULETT, 1832, The Rights of Industry and the Banking System. QUARTERLY REVIEW, July. Selgin.

SCROPE, G. POULETT, An Examination of the Bank Charter Question. 1833a. London, John Murray. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

SCROPE, G. POULETT, On Credit Currency, and Its Superiority to Coin, in Support of a Petition for the Establishment of a Cheap, Safe, and Sufficient Circulating Medium. 1830b. London, John Murray. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

SCROPE, G. POULETT, Principles of Political Economy, deducted from the Natural Laws of Social Welfare…. 1833, London, Longmans, Kelly reprint 1969, 467 pp, which was on sale from Laissez Faire Books. "An exposition of economic theory from a perspective of 'natural rights' with an argument for free banking." - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain. While, in one part of the book, he does favour competitive private note issue, in another, he favoured a national bank issuing legal tender - probably moderated by gold redemption obligation - and had thus planted his feet, firmly, in both camps like all too many modern academics. - J.Z. - JZL.

SCROPE, G. POULETT, The Currency Question Freed from Mystery. 1830a. London, James Ridgway. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

SCROPE, G. POULETT, The Rights of Industry and the Banking System. 1832. QUARTERLY REVIEW 47 (July):407-57. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

SCULLY, WILLIAM, Brazil. London, 1868. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

SEABY, B. A., Catalogue of Coins of Great Britain and Ireland. Spink and Son, The Milled Coinage of England, 1950. - Schilke & Solomon, America’s Foreign Coins … with Legal Tender Status in the US 1793-1857.

SEABY, H. A., English Silver Coinage from 1649. 3rd edition (Joint editor P. A. Rayner). The standard reference work for this series. 196 pages, over 625 half-tone illustrations. - SEABY'S NUMISMATIC PUBLICATIONS, London, by 1970: £2-25. - If only the advocates of monetary freedom had examined and reported on each monetary freedom experiment as carefully as the coin and note collectors examined and published their treasures! - J.Z., 3.3.10.

SEABY, H. A., Greek Coins and Their Values. 2d ed., rev. London: Seaby, 1975. - DOTY (1978).

SEABY, P. J., Standard Catalogue of British Coins. Vol. 1, ENGLAND AND UNITED KINGDOM, editor. A catalogue listing coins from Ancient British times to George III with values for each type, and a value for every date of every denomination from 1816 to the present day. It is pocket-sized and has over 800 half-tone illustrations; over 4,750 coins are listed with their values. Prices revised annually. 280 pages. - SEABY'S NUMISMATIC PUBLICATIONS, London, by 1970: £1-25

SEABY, P. J., The Story of British Coinage. 1985. - Joe Cribb (1986).

SEABY, PETER & RUSSELL, MONICA, British Tokens and their values. Seaby, Audley House, 11 Margaret St., London, W1N 8At,1970, 200 pages. - It contains several short & good articles on token issues, by centuries. - Seaby’s Numismatic Publications according to the advertising in this book, published at least 7 other volumes, that are separately listed. - J.Z. - JZL. - Why do coin collectors appreciate them much more than the monetary theorists do? Most of the latter rather fancy themselves as monetary utopians or dictators for a whole country. Toleration of dissent and of tolerant and free experiments by dissenters is not their strength. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SEABY, PETER, Coins and Tokens of Ireland. B. A. Seaby Ltd., London, 1970, 165pp. - JZL.

SEAGER, H. R., Principles of Economics. New York, 1925. - Carothers, Fractional Money.

SEAMAN, EZRA C., Argument of E. C. Seaman on judicial Legislation, and the General Banking Law of Michigan. Detroit: O. S. Galley and Co., 1844. - SHADE, G. W. (1972)

SEAMAN, EZRA C., Currency, Commerce, and Debts of the United States. HUNT'S MERCHANTS' MAGAZINE (May, 1858), xxxviii, 531-551. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

SEAMAN, EZRA C., The Panic and Financial Crisis of 1857. HUNT'S MERCHANTS' MAGAZINE (December, 1857), xxxvii, 659-668. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

SEAR, DAVID R., Byzantine Coins & Their Values. London:Seaby,1974. - DOTY (1978).

SEAR, DAVID R., Roman Coins & Their Values. 2d ed., rev. London: Seaby, 1974. - DOTY (1978).

SEARS, LOUIS MARTIN, Some Correspondence of Robert Dale Owen. Mississippi Valley Historical Review 10 (Dec. 1923): 306-24. - SHADE, G. W. (1972)

SECHREST, LARRY J., Capital, Credit, and the Medium Run. - Vol. 4 Num. 3 - Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics - Online at the Mises Institute.

SECHREST, LARRY J., Explaining Malinvestment and Overinvestment. - Vol. 9 Num. 4 - Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics - Online at the Mises Institute. - 12/5/2005 - Mises Institute Working Papers - Online at the Mises Institute.

SECHREST, LARRY J., Free Banking: Theory, History, and a Laissez-Faire Model. Westport, CT: Quorum Books.1993, - 2008 Ed., Auburn, Ludwig von Mises Institute. - Peter H. Canning.

SECHREST, LARRY J., Free Banking: Theoretical and Historical Issues. Ph.D. thesis, Arlington: University of Texas (1990). - Dowd

SECHREST, LARRY J., Free Banking: Theory, History and a Laissez-Faire Model. - Free Banking: Theory, History and a Laissez-Faire Model - Mises Institute, 2008 - Related: Books Online Books - Online at the Mises Institute.

SECHREST, LARRY J., Jean Baptiste Say: Neglected Champion of Laissez-Faire. - "Jean-Baptiste Say: Neglected Champion of Laissez-Faire" - 15 Great Austrian Economists, 1999, pp. 45-58. Related: Economists, Economic History - Online at the Mises Institute.

SECHREST, LARRY J., Missing the Mark: Salsman’s Review of the Great Depression. - "Missing the Mark: Salsman's Review of the Great Depression" - The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies 9.2, Spring 2008, pp. 305-39. - Journal of Ayn Rand Studies - Online at the Mises Institute.http://mises.org/pdf/sechrest-greenspan.pdf

SECHREST, LARRY J., The Privately Funded Waships of the U. S. Navy: Blowing Holes in Public Goods Theory. - (Sul Ross University) - 12/22/2006 - Mises Institute Working Papers - Online at the Mises Institute.

SECHREST, LARRY J., Two Natural Rates: Friedman and the Austrians. - 12/6/2005 - Mises Institute Working Papers - Online at the Mises Institute.

SECHREST, LARRY J., White's Free Banking Thesis: A Case of Mistaken Identity. - REVIEW OF AUSTRIAN ECONOMICS, Vol. 2 Num. 1, pp 247-257, Lexington, Mass., Lexington Books. 1988. - Schuler - Review of Austrian Economics - Online at the Mises Institute. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System.

SECOUSSE, DENIS F., see: De LAURIÈRE.

SECRETARIAT OF THE ASSOCIATION BELGE POUR LE PROGRÈS SOCIAL, The Milhaud Plan before the Belgian Association for Social Progress. - See: MILHAUD, EDGARD, Fresh Work Fresh Markets, p. 207-209. - JZL.

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, Annual Reports. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking. - When will it, finally, report its own abolition or resignation? - Or become confined to voluntary contributions and voluntary victims? - J.Z., 4.4.10.

SEDGWICK, THEODORE, II., Public and Private Economy, Illustrated by Observations Made in England in the Year 1836. Part II. New York, 1838. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

SÉE, HENRI, Les Origines du Capitalisme moderne. Paris, 1926. Translated into English as Modern Capitalism by Homer B. Vanderblue. New York, 1928. - Groseclose, Money & Man.

SEGAL, RONALD, The Decline and Fall of the American Dollar. A Bantam Book, 1974, with index 200pp. - On page 161 he manages to blame what he calls “capitalism”. Need I say more? - J.Z., 10.4.10. - JZL.

SEIDEL, EBERHARD, Venture Capital fuer Kollective. 1985, 1 S., 29x, in PEACE PLANS 731. - Most members of “collectives”, according to my own and limited experience, are economically so ignorant or prejudiced that I, if I had capital to lend, I would certainly not venture to lend it to any of them as venture capital. - However, if they formed a credit union of their own, then they would only have to blame themselves for their mistakes. - J.Z., 16.2.10.

SEIDEN, MARTIN H., The Quality of Trade Credit. (OCCASIONAL PAPER No. 87.) New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1964. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking.

SEILER, ROBERT, Elementary Accounting: Theory, Technique and Application. Columbus: Merrill, 1963. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking.

SEISMIT-DODA, FEDERICO, Delle Finanziarie. Firenze, 1867. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885. - Frederico? - J.Z.

SELDON, ARTHUR & PENNANCE, F. G., Everyman’s Dictionary of Economics.( compilers) A volume in Everyman’s Reference Library, London, J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd., 1969, 449pp. - JZL.

SELDON, RICHARD T., Stable Monetary Growth." In Yeager, Leland B., ed. In Search of a Monetary Constitution. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1962: 322 -356. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

SELECT COMMITTEE ON THE HIGH PRICE OF GOLD, HOUSE OF COMMONS, The Paper Pound of 797-1921. Ed. by Edwin Cannan, 1979. New York: Kelley, 1969. - Barry N. Siegel, Money in Crisis.

SELGIN, GEORGE A. - Prof.

SELGIN, GEORGE A. & WHITE, LAWRENCE H., Competitive Monies and the Suffolk Bank System: Comment. 1988. SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL 54, July, 215-19. - White, Competition & Currency.

SELGIN, GEORGE A. & WHITE, LAWRENCE H., How would the invisible hand handle money? JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE, Vol. 32, No. 4, 1994. - The less money is “handled”, determined, controlled, regulated, managed and made subject to official policies and platforms, the better it will be. - Leading politicians and bureaucrats are professional liars and all to often have sticky fingers. But they do know very well how to look out after themselves. (My “law” or motto for today.) - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SELGIN, GEORGE A. & WHITE, LAWRENCE H., In Defense of Fiduciary Media - or, We are Not Devo(lutionists), We are Misesians!, THE REVIEW OF AUSTRIAN ECONOMICS, Vol. 9, No. 2 (1996): 83-107. - Nataf

SELGIN, GEORGE A. & WHITE, LAWRENCE H., The Evolution of a Free Banking System. ECONOMIC INQUIRY 25 (July 1987): 439-57. - Kevin Dowd, Automatic Stabilizing Mechanisms under Free Banking, 1988. On 19pp, in PEACE PLANS 814. - First presented as a Paper at the 55th conference on the Southern Economic Association, Dallas, Texas, 24 November 1985. - WELLS, DONALD R., & SCRUGGS, L. S.

SELGIN, GEORGE A., 100 Percent Reserve Money: The Small Change Challenge. - Vol. 12 Num. 1 QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF AUSTRIAN ECONOMICS. - Online at the Mises Institute. - Has he, have many others of the 100% gold cover people, ever seriously considered that “shop foundation” in the form of daily wanted consumer goods and services, can, and often has been offered, reckoned in stable gold value prices, as a foundation for notes, cover, guaranty, redemption fund, convertibility option, one that is not only 100 % but goes even far beyond the 100 % cover - in total values or purchasing options offered - for the shop foundation money privately and competitively issued on that basis? No more of it can be issued and will be accepted (in sound, commercial and short term loans, to employers, e.g. for wage and salary payments), as will be readily accepted at par with their nominal value, in accordance with the purchasing and saving habits and needs of people. The free market rate for such notes and its voluntary acceptance, in the absence of legal tender, do limit such issues much more effectively - as sound and sufficiently supplied exchange media - than a 100% cold coin cover and redemption could would, while not limiting the circulation media to the amounts of gold coins or gold certificates made available for exchange purposes. Generally speaking, the stores and supermarkets and various service organizations, have much more in values to offer (which might also be expressed in gold weight prices, just like competitive notes could be), ready for sale, than the consumers are able to earn and are ready to spend, immediately or soon. Especially when such private exchange media, almost like cheques, may be time limited, say to 3 months or a year at most. However, I do admit that I have seen no statistical comparisons between the total of this goods cover, available immediately, or next day, next week, next month, seeing the stocks at the wholesalers and the new production and service supplies coming from farms, factories and services, and the total value of gold stocks that is or could be available for redemption purposes, under conditions when gold redemptionism is not the only legal or customary redemption option. Since money is, essentially (apart from savings and investments in capital goods - to increase productivity further), to turn over these daily wanted or needed goods and services, exchanging them for each other, clearing them effectively, and to finance, with short term loans, their ongoing production (and, with savings and investments, the increased production of wanted goods and services and thus further sales), it makes much more sense to base money issues on this readiness to sell already produced and sold goods (to wholesalers) or ready for sale goods or services at retailers, priced e.g. in gold weight units, and on the ability and willingness to earn and to buy, immediately or soon. This option is, under full monetary freedom, an automatically operating and self-limiting process, just like breathing, eating, drinking, running, sleeping, are self-limiting.Naturally, only under quite competitive free market conditions. - Already Marx observed that people who consider money only with the example of legal tender monopoly money in mind will tend to overlook the inherent laws of money, which go far beyond the expensive 100% covered and redeemable gold certificates, which is still the only model spooking in most minds. Miseans are welcome to that option. Others will exchange and pay or clear their mutual debts much more cheaply. Under full monetary freedom exchange media, clearing certificates or credit accounts will be no more over-issued or “created out of nothing” than goods and services are genuinely created out of nothing or over-supplied. Advocates of 100 % covered gold certificates, in their fixation to gold, also as means of payment, not only as an optional good value standard, while ignoring e.g. gold-weight value clearing and pricing, and many other options, have become largely blind to this alternative - and also to free choice regarding value standards, exchange media and clearing certificates and systems. - Clearing, perfectly developed, can, at least theoretically, turn over all wanted goods and services that that people are willing to give equivalent goods or services for, without any limitation by a quantity of paper exchange media, gold coins or gold certificates. - While the value of all consumer goods and services can be measured and expressed in gold weight units and all notes and clearing certificates could also be so expressed, their total value in a free economy, probably, far exceeds the total value of all the gold in the world, which, although scarce and thus highlyl priced in terms of other goods, is simply the long term accumulation of just a single commodity, of which much gets used up and is not recovered, e.g. from human teeth or junked computers etc. The free market rate for competitive issued exchange media does act like a stop sign for over-issues. Then, when his issues in general circulation are refused or discounted, only the issuer himself will still have to accept his IOUs at par, at 100% for whatever goods or services he supplies. All others will be free to refuse to accept them altogether or to accept them only at a discount. Thus only those, who do owe him something, or intend to buy something from him, will then still accept some of his notes. With this limited acceptance the discounted notes will rapidly disappear from circulation, together with their temporary discount in general circulation, and the remaining and new notes will return to their par value.The prices, wages, salaries, other debts, fees etc. marked-out in sound value standards, will remain the same. - Will most of the well-meaning “gold bugs” ever get this point? - In almost all other spheres they do favor free market pricing - for its rightfulness and effectiveness. Historically, cheap token money, privately issued, has often taken the place of gold- or silver coins or government legal tender paper money, or non-precious government metallic coins, all of which were frequently under-supplied. - I am not afraid to state certain truths repetitively. - J.Z., 19.2.10. - - No quantity theory applies to free clearing transactions. All they need is a sound and voluntarily accepted value standard. Then unlimited quantities of ready for sale and wanted consumer goods, services and labor could be freely exchanged - under a perfect clearing system. But do not expect any government to provide it. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SELGIN, GEORGE A., Accommodation Changes in the Relative Demand for Currency: Free Banking vs. Central Banking. CATO JOURNAL, vol. 7, no.3, pp 621-41, Winter, 1988a. - Schuler.

SELGIN, GEORGE A., Bank Deregulation and Monetary Order. London, Routledge, 1996. - To go deeper, real economists will probably want to look at George Selgin, who takes on the various criticisms against Free Banking, and debunks the ones that are debunkable. His Bank Deregulation and Monetary Order is a series of articles on the subject which will provide more satisfaction for the economist. - Note that it includes Selgin and White's important article "How would the Invisible Hand handle money?" published in J. Economic Literature, Vol. XXXII, No. 4 (December 1994 - http://iang.org/free_banking/

SELGIN, GEORGE A., Bank Runs and the Suspension of Payments: Diamond and Dybvig Reconsidered. Mimeo, Athens, GA: University of Georgia. (1991) - Dowd

SELGIN, GEORGE A., Bank Self-Regulation. - bank self-regulation

SELGIN, GEORGE A., Banking "Manias" in Theory and History. Mimeo, Athens, GA.: University of Georgia. (1990)

SELGIN, GEORGE A., Free Banking and Monetary Stabilization. Mimeo, Athens, GA.: University of Georgia. (1989b)

SELGIN, GEORGE A., Free Banking in China, 1800-1935. (1987a) Unpublished manuscript, mimeo. George Mason University & Univ. of Hong Kong. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System. - If only it had been FULLY FREE banking! - Rightly one can only speak of degrees of free banking, so far, in China as well as everywhere else. - J.Z., 22.6.10.

SELGIN, GEORGE A., Free banking in Foochow, ASIAN MONETARY MONITOR, v.11, No. 4, July-Aug., pp. 26-35. (1989a) - Schuler. Published as chapter 6 of Kevin Dowd, (ed.), The Experience of Free Banking, London: Routledge, 1991, 1992, pp.103-122. - Nataf.

SELGIN, GEORGE A., Good Money. Feb. 10, 345 pages hardcover, ISBN 978-0-472-11631-7. This is the true and remarkable story of private coinage and banking in Britain in the early years of the Industrial Revolution (1775-1850) - Good Money - shopmises@mises.com - He works at the University of Georgia. “Making money was a business in demand. The needs of business for small denominations were changing. Merchants needed small denomination coins in copper and silver. - The Royal Mint couldn't be bothered. It made coins to serve the elites, not the new and burgeoning working class. Free enterprise stepped in with a new industry that truly saved the day - before the Crown cruelly stamped it out and ended one of the most beautiful experiences with private money in world history.” …”The industry developed to the point at which 20 independent mints were involved in making coins. The private coins served the merchants and the workers, while the government's currency served the landed rich. The new industry was like capitalism itself: it was designed for everyone to the benefit of everyone. - The private coins tended to be better quality than the government's coins. Why? Because private merchants could refuse them, and consumers could too. There was competitive control over them and an inexorable tendency for currency to improve in every way. That's why the book is called "good money." And what of Gresham's Law, the tendency of "bad money" to drive out good money? Selgin's account demonstrates something striking: it only holds under (the? J.Z.) government system of money which overvalue(s? - J.Z.) bad money. In a private system, good money - like good products and services in a free markets - outcompetes the low-quality money. In a market-based money system, there is an inexorable tendency for good money to win out.” … - Available from Mises Store shopmises@mises.com - A price was not mentioned in the text of the email received today. - My friend Ulrich von Beckerath. 1982-1969, wrote a book manuscript on the same subject, private emergency money issues. (Also e.g. one on the history of unemployment and on the proper financing of rightful revolutions. ) However, he did not confine himself to such issues in England and in that period alone. He had studied that subject since 1908 and wrote 3 books, uncounted papers and letters about it, but was, for decades, ignored by most “economists”. In November 1943, in an air raid upon Berlin, his library, this book manuscript and several others and his huge correspondence over decades, on the same and related subjects, was destroyed, with his home, by English or American Bombers, who always seemed to miss Adolf Hitler or did not really try to get him, but, rather, hit his primary victims, the majority of the German people, including not only Jewish Germans, Gypsies and other peaceful minorities, but hundreds of thousands of bitter opponents of Nazism, like Ulrich von Beckerath and his friends and collaborators. WMD’s are the ultimate wrongful and irrational realization of the same kind of “defence” “policy”, just like central banks are the ultimate tool of state-socialist economic despotism. - J.Z., 17.2.10.

SELGIN, GEORGE A., In Defense of Fiduciary Media - or, We Are Not Devo(lutionists), We Are Miseans! Vol. 9 Num. 2 - Review of Austrian Economics - Online at the Mises Institute.

SELGIN, GEORGE A., Legal restrictions, financial weakening, and the lender of last resort. Cato Journal 9: 429-59. (1989c)

SELGIN, GEORGE A., Ludwig von Mises and the Case for Gold. - "Ludwig von Mises and the Case for Gold" - 1999. CATO JOURNAL, 19(2), pp. 259-272. Related: Money/Banking, Money, Monetary Policy, Cycle History - Online at the Mises Institute.

SELGIN, GEORGE A., Monetary equilibrium and the 'productivity norm’ of price-level policy. 1989. Unpublished manuscript (University of Georgia). -L. H. White.

SELGIN, GEORGE A., More Revolutionary Than Thou. The Keynesian Revolution & Its Critics, by Gordon A. Fletcher. CRITICAL REVIEW, vol. 3, numbers 3 & 4, Summer/Fall, 1989, pp.435-443. - JZL.

SELGIN, GEORGE A., Should We Let Banks Create Money? - Should We Let Banks Create Money? - (2000). INDEPENDENT REVIEW, 5 (1), 93-99. - Peter H. Canning. - Yes, as long as we are free to refuse to accept it or to discount it or to compete with it - with our own money-, clearing certificate- or clearing account issues and our own choices among all the value standards. - J.Z., 22.5.10.

SELGIN, GEORGE A., The Analytical Framework of the Real-Bills Doctrine. JOURNAL OF INSTITUTIONAL AND THEORETICAL ECONOMICS 145, September1989, 1:19. ZEITSCHRFIT FÜR DIE GESAMETE STAATSWISSENSCHAFT, 489-507. - Selgin. - Fred E. Foldvary, “… The Credit Exchange Alternative for Market Coordination.” - JZL, photocopies of both paginations.

SELGIN, GEORGE A., The Case for Free Banking: Then and Now. 5pp essay, in PEACE PLANS 972. - First in USA TODAY MAGAZINE, Sep. 86, copyrighted by the Society for the Advancement of Education, then, possibly, also published by the Cato Institute. - How can one advance education by monopolizing it, i.e. preventing a wide spread of its materials? - Since monopolism in the publishing sphere is also all too wide spread, the case for free banking still remains widely unknown, even after almost 200 years. - J.Z., 16.2.10. - Also published in: CATO INSTITUTE POLICY ANALYSIS SERIES, No. 60 (21 October 1985). - “Privatization of the district Federal Reserve banks has long been advocated by Richard H. Timberlake.” - White, Competition & Currency.

SELGIN, GEORGE A., The Evolution of a Free Banking System. In: White, Competition & Currency, pp.218-242.

SELGIN, GEORGE A., The Stability and Efficiency of Money Supply under Free Banking. JOURNAL OF INSTITUTIONAL AND THEORETICAL ECONOMICS 143 (ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR DIE GESAMTE STAATSWISSENSCHAFT), September: 435-56. (1987b) - JZL. Photocopy.

SELGIN, GEORGE A., The Theory of Free Banking. Money Supply under Competitive Note Issue. Totowa, N.J.: Rowman & Littlefield, Publishers, co-published with the Cato Institute, 1987, 1988, with bibliography & index 218pp. - He is overly concerned with metallic cover rather than with banknotes or money-like clearing certificates, using a sound value standard and arising out of turn-over credits, under e.g. gold-weight pricing, gold-weight note-denomination and free market banknote rating, perhaps unaware that private note issues, under free market rating rather than compulsory acceptance and forced value of the legal tender legislation and under free competition are as unlikely to be over-supplied or under-supplied as are e.g., the tickets of railways, buses, trams, cinemas, theatres, sports stadiums, circuses or shop tokens, goods warrants and service vouchers in money denominations of shops and shop associations. - I do find the book excellent, as far as it goes - but it does not represent "the" theory of free banking but, rather, only "a" theory of free banking, one that is mainly concerned with the rare metal redemptionist options. As such, it appears to be a quite scientific treatment and may thus help to open a break in the walls behind which most conventional academic economists hide, a breach through which other free banking theories may, finally, penetrate, too. There are now quite a number of free banking titles in print or coming up in print or online. I would love to see all of them as cheaply, fast and permanently reproduced on discs, even when no one can afford to offer all of them online. However, regarding the still copyrighted titles, I guess I ought to wait at least until the publishers have recovered their considerable investment in print and achieved whatever returns they can get from it. I won't pass any petitions around for such reproduction permissions, either. - The facts ought to speak for themselves, namely: The extent to which such writings remain unpublished or out of print and unobtainable in most libraries and on the second-hand book market. - Another fact is still largely ignored: Often, not necessarily always, the free or cheap appearance of a title online or on a disc does boost rather than reduce the sale of the printed titles. Publishers ought to be at least enterprising enough to experiment with this option, even if only temporarily. If they should get negative feed-back from such an attempt, then they could always discontinue it. The few downloads that might then still be duplicated should be considered as advertisements for the printed editions, which do not cost the book or magazine publishers anythinbg. - Think about how you could promote this development by helping to put at least all the no longer or not copyrighted titles onto a disc. - Scanners, with an inbuilt scanning program, were already offered at ALDI in Australia for as little as A $ 100! - HDs of 1 TB are now also offered even more cheaply! Just labor of love, patience and persistence are needed, by enough people, forming an efficient electronic network between them. A cleverly designed website might suffice to provide all contact addresses, a comprehensive bibliography, abstracts and review compilation and URLs to all those texts already offered somewhere by someone. - “Argues that inflating banks in a free banking system would lose reserves and that paradoxically it is the central banking system which removes discipline. Central banks are prone to make big mistakes instead of just the little ones that entrepreneurs in a free market often do.” - Mere hints to his book by a reproduction of the cover and cover notes, with an introductory letter by David D. Boaz of the Cato Institute, in PEACE PLANS 787. - To my disappointment, his book still deals only with competing metal redemptionist banks of issue, i.e. with only a small and perhaps even insignificant fraction of all the free banking options. - J.Z. - Milhaud, Meulen, Zander, Rittershausen & U. v. Beckerath et al of the Swiss, German, Jewish monetary freedom school of the 1930’s are not mentioned. - But then: Was there ever as yet anyone who had easy and complete access to all monetary freedom writings? - By now, with sufficient collaboration, we could and should provide it for each other - and be it only on CDs, DVDs or an external HD. - J.Z., 2.6.10. - JZL. - - CATO INSTITUTE, Letter by DAVID D. BOAZ, introducing SELGIN's book: THE THEORY OF FREE BANKING, 1p, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 865.

SELGIN, GEORGE A., The Yield on Money Held Revisited: Lessons for Today. 7pp: in PEACE PLANS 1575/1575, p.210, from MARKET PROCESS.

SELGIN, GEORGE A., Zero Inflation: A Flawed Ideal. - THE FREEMAN, May 95, pp. 288-290. - THE FREEMAN adds, in the contents list: “Proponents presume a stationary economy.” - The issue of more sound money, competitivelyl, market rated, with a sound value standard, does not amount to inflation nor to a general increase in the price level, apart from such issuing ending emergency sales prices and introducing free market prices. - J.Z., 9.6.10. - And increased note issue, in accordance with the requirements of an extended trading volume, can also mean zero inflation, even a reduction of prices, because fixed production and distribution costs might largely remain the same. - What ought to be aimed at is merely the avoidance of price inflations or price deflations from the side of money issues. - Under full monetary freedom that would happen automatically. - J.Z., 15.7.10.

SELIGMAN, EDWIN R. A., Economists, in THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF AMERICAN LITERATURE, iii, 425-443. New York, 1921. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

SELIGMAN, EDWIN R. A., Essays in Economics. New York, 1925. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

SELIGMAN, EDWIN R. A., The Currency Problem and the Present Financial Situation. (editor) New York, Columbia University Press. - Selgin, The Evolution of a Free Banking System.

SELLERS, CHARLES GRIER, Jr., Andrew Jackson Versus the Historians. MISSISSIPPI VALLEY HISTORICAL REVIEW, XLIV (March, 1958), 615-34. - Sharp, James Roger: The Jacksonians versus the Banks.

SELLERS, CHARLES GRIER, Jr., Banking and Politics in Jackson's Tennessee, 1817-1827. MISSISSIPPI VALLEY HISTORICAL REVIEW (June, 1954), XLI, 61-84. - “An extremely valuable article on the background of Jackson's banking views.” - Remini.

SELLERS, CHARLES GRIER, Jr., Jackson Men with Feet of Clay. AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW, LXII (April 1957), 537-51. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

SELLERS, CHARLES GRIER, Jr., Jacksonian Democracy. Publication No. 9, Service Center for Teachers of History. Washington, 1958. - “… two articles which carefully analyze the direction Jacksonian scholarship has pursued in the last century or more.” - Remini.

SELLERS, DIXON B., Submission to Australian Financial System Inquiry. 29 May 1979, 4pp, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 740. - For property rights, gold standard and floating exchange rates. (JZL) Address then: SELLERS, DIXON B., B. Econ., 242 Waterloo Rd., Oak Park, Vic. 3046.

SELTMAN, CHARLES THEODORE, Athens: Its History and Coinage before the Persian Invasion. Cambridge, 1924. - Groseclose, Money & Man.

SEMMENS, JOHN, The Crisis in Public Finance: No Ways or Means. THE FREEMAN, 3/79, 7pp, in PEACE PLANS 1766-1768, May 2002, p.388. - Quite typically, sound tax foundation or contribution-foundation money is not discussed, nor are voluntary taxation options. - J.Z., 21.5.02.

SENATE DOCUMENTS: Gold Clauses in Obligations. The majority, concurring, and dissenting opinions are collected in, Sen. doc. no. 21, 74th Cong., 1st sess. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1935). - Steven L. Green, July 86. - For monetary and other individual and genuine human rights and liberties we can obviously not rely upon governmental territorial constitutions, laws and jurisdiction. It is high time to finally declare all such rights, even if only in draft form and in various drafts, all published together and then sufficiently discussed and corrected - towards finally and quite systematically compiling and publishing an ideal draft of this kind based on the best expressions of these rights and liberties. - See my anthology of over 130 private human rights drafts, in PEACE PLANS 589/590, which was intended to promote such publishing and discussions but was so far almost totally ignored by the libertarian “movement” which seems to prefer to move in other spheres. - J.Z., 3.3.10. - My typo here was “cold clauses”. In reality, most gold clauses have been “cold clauses” by law, for all too long. - J.Z., 1.5.10.

SENATE OF CANADA, Deposit Insurance, Tenth Report of the Standing Senate Committee on Banking, Trade and Commerce. (1985) Ottawa, December. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System.

SENATE, Report from the Select Committee on the Central Reserve Bank Bill. 1929/30.

SENESE, DONALD J., Indexing the Inflationary Impact of Taxes. Washington, D.C.. The Heritage Foundation, 1978. - “It must be remembered that inflation does have a constituency; while it clearly hurts certain groups in society (especially those living on fixed incomes) it benefits (at least in the short run) certain other groups, especially those who can use their economic or political power to "stay ahead" of inflation.” - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

SENIOR, Prof. NASSAU WILLIAM, Cost of Obtaining Money: Some Effects of Private and Government Paper Money. London, 1830. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

SENIOR, Prof. NASSAU WILLIAM, Journal in Turkey and Greece in 1857-8. London, 1859. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

SENIOR, Prof. NASSAU WILLIAM, On the Quantity and Value of Money. In: Three Lectures on the Value of Money. London, London School of Economics, 1931: 5-31. - Pamela Brown

SENIOR, Prof. NASSAU WILLIAM, Drei Vorlesungen über den Wert des Geldes. [Three Lectures on the Value of Money] Auszug in: Diehl & Mombert, Vom Gelde S.104.

SENIOR, Prof. NASSAU WILLIAM, Three Lectures on the Cost of Obtaining Money and on some Effects of Private and Government Paper Money. Oxford University, 1829, London, John Murray, 1830, London School of Economics, reprint No. 5, undated, 103 pp. - A Free Trader with some insights into the discounting of bills. Realizes that the gold standard IS a labour standard currency in a very much improved and concrete form, least open to misunderstandings and abuse. But the few pearls I found in his writing did not induce me to microfiche it so far. If someone else sponsors the costs, ca $ 15, I would be willing. - J.Z. (That was written before, in 2002, I discontinued this microfiche series of LMP with issue no. 1779. At my age and with the usual negative response to microfiche editions, I am unlikely to expand it further. Since then I was mainly busy wish scanning in or keyboarding-in more more material in digitized form. - J.Z., 2.6.10.) - JZL.

SENIOR, Prof. NASSAU WILLIAM, Three Lectures on the Transmission of Precious Metals from Country to Country. 1828. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935.

SENIOR, Prof. NASSAU WILLIAM, Three Lectures on the Value of Money. Delivered Oxford University, 1829: On the Quantity and Value of Money, 84pp, London, B. Fellowes, 1840, London School of Economics, reprint No. 4, 1931. (JZL) 84 + 103pp.? - Photocopy only. I did not consider it worth microfiching, because he did not, sufficiently, stand up for monetary freedom. - J.Z. - JZL. Three Lectures on the Value of Money - If only one waits long enough then everything will appear online or on disc. If one wants access to rare old or new texts soon, then one would better contribute something towards that objective, in free collaboration with others. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SENIOR, Prof. NASSAU WILLIAM, Three lectures... private & government paper money, 1830, 1831. (Australian National Library. Could not be found when I asked for it, in 1976. - J.Z.)

SENIOR, Prof. NASSAU WILLIAM, Transmission of the Precious Metals. London, 1828. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., A $ 5 Trillion National Debt. THE FREEMAN, 9/95, 2pp, in PEACE PLANS 1766-1768, May 2002, p.486. - That is still only ca. $ 20,000 per head! - J.Z., 21.5.02.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., Age of Inflation. 1979, Western Islands, Belmont, Mass., indexed, with bibliography, 207pp. - JZL.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., CONTRIBUTIONS IN ECONOMICS & ECONOMIC HISTORY. Number 12. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1975, indexed, 204 pp. - JZL.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., Cyclical Unemployment. THE FREEMAN, April 1986, pp.142-151. “In the final analysis, government is solely responsible for the business cycle and the unemployment that results.”

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., Debts and Deficits. 102pp, book announcement from FEE, 1p, in PEACE PLANS 1631-1633, August 2000, p.530.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., Deep in Debt. - January 2004, - The Free Market - Online at the Mises Institute. - There is a great difference between being in debt when the debt is only payable in monopoly money and being in debt when the debt, measured in an agreed-upon value standard, can also be paid in the own exchange media, clearing certificates or accounts or IOU’s that are redeemable at any time in one’s own goods and services at their full nominal value, regardless of how much their discount is in general circulation or in the hands of some holders. - Being tied to the limited option of any exclusive currency, and be it even one of gold coins and 100% covered and redeemable gold certificates, can, indeed, be a terrible situation for debtors. - J.Z., 25.2.10.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., Faith in the Fed. FEE Timely Classic “Faith in the Fed” by Hans F. Sennholz - FEE IN BRIEF, 26.3.10. - SENNHOLZ, HANS F., Faith in the Fed, THE FREEMAN, 4/97, 2pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.304. - It is at least as misplaced as faith in territorial government. - J.Z., 28.2.10.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., Forecasting. THE FREEMAN, 1/70, 4pp, in PEACE PLANS 1759/1760, p.244. - However, many long-term predictions can be made correctly - on the inevitable effects of monetary despotism and those of monetary freedom, on price controls vs. free pricing, on Free Trade vs. Protectionism. That is the job of the true economists. - J.Z.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., Free Money - Is SOUND Money. THE FREEMAN, FEE, 6/75, 6pp, in PEACE PLANS 806. - 5pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.306. - Not all monetary and financial freedom experiments conducted among volunteers will be sound, at first. But only the sound ones will survive. The right to make mistakes - at the own risk and expense, is involved and also thousands of all too popular errors, myths and prejudices etc. - J.Z., 28.2.10.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., Gold is Honest Money. Address, Nov. 1974, meeting of the Committee for Monetary Research and Education, THE FREEMAN, Feb. 1975, FEE. (The article is good but, unfortunately, copyrighted. - J.Z.)

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., Gold is Money. (ed.) - Gold Is Money - CONTRIBUTIONS IN ECONOMICS & ECONOMIC HISTORY, Number 12, Westport, Connecticut, London, England, Greenwood Press, 1975, 204 pp, indexed. (JZL). - Nataf - Antony C. Sutton, The War on Gold. - Related: Books Online Books - Online at the Mises Institute.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., Hyperinflation in Germany. THE FREEMAN, 10/70, 8pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.332.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., In Search of a New Money Order. THE FREEMAN, 1/72, 7pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.311.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., Inflation and Unemployment. How inflation reduces labor productivity and produces unemployment. THE FREEMAN, June 86, pp. 226-233.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., Inflation or Gold Standard? Bramble Mini-Book, Lansing, Mich.,1973, 64pp, undated. Attacks central banking and legal tender. - J.Z. - JZL.

SENNHOLZ, DR. HANS F., Is Inflation Dead? - “Is Inflation Dead?” FEE Timely Classic, recommended in FEE email rec. 27.2.10. Should be on FEE website, in its archive, or in THE FREEMAN issues offered online by the Mises Institute.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., Jobs and Trade. THE FREEMAN, 7/96, 2pp, in PEACE PLANS 1759/1760, p.330. - Although S. is a monetary freedom advocate - at least here he does not see and describe the connection between free banking and full employment. Naturally, wage, profit, rent and interest rates ought to be free as well. But everything cannot be blamed on meddling with them only. - J.Z.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., Money and Freedom. Libertarian Press, Inc., PA., 1985, indexed, 90 pp. - JZL. Libertarian Press, Spring Mills, PA, 16 875, tel. 319-277-7546, Libertarian Press, Also available from: FEE, N.Y., 1986, 102pp, indexed, pb. (Single $ 6, 5 for $ 5 each, 10 for $4 each. "Money and Freedom critically examines the abuses of central banking and legal-tender laws that breed inflation." - Takes a radical stand for monetary freedom. Will be reviewed in future PEACE PLANS issues, since, alas, I cannot film it. Should be microfilmed at least once it is again out of print in this cheap print edition. - J.Z. A 2 page introductory leaflet by Libertarian Press, in PEACE PLANS 791. - I did not get around to microfilm it or digitize it, since it is under copyrights. It should be offered online - and be it only to boost the sale of the printed editions. - J.Z., 2.6.10. - Reviewed by Richard A. White, in THE FREEMAN, Oct. 86, pp. 395/396.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., No $hortage of Gold. THE FREEMAN, Sep. 73, 8pp, in PEACE PLANS 804. - It is still so rare in coin form that years may pass before I see another one. Imagine having to pay all your debts in gold coins right now! - Would your employer be able to pay you in this way or any of your other debtors, your insurance company, your pension fund? - Why, anyhow, confine ourselves to payments in a rare metal only when we could, under full freedom, exchange without limits, by various clearing methods or clearing certificates, cheaply produced, using a rare metal only as our value standard, unless we agreed upon another value standard? - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., Old Banking Myth. THE FREEMAN, May 89, pp.175-179.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., On Freedom and Free Enterprise. Van Nostrand. Year? For FB?

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., Pains of the German Unification. THE FREEMAN, Oct. 1991, pp. 377-379.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., Regulatory Taxation. Essays on Liberty, VI, FEE.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., Some Evils of Inflation. THE FREEMAN, 5/85, 8pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.350.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., The American Economy is NOT Depression-Proof. THE FREEMAN, Nov. 72, 8pp, in PEACE PLANS 804. - On the contrary, its territorial, statist, monopolistic, collectivistic legislation and institutions (FED, central bank, with branches, or Reserve Bank in Australia, or Bank of England in the UK) have, quite legally, assured the occurrence and prolongation of more inflationary, deflationary and stagflationary crises, combined with financial crises. They could not be better guaranteed for this than thus! - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., The Causes of Inflation. THE FREEMAN, 5/72, 7pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.343.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., The Envy Tax. - Mises Institute Daily Article, August 2, 2001. Related: Taxation - Online at the Mises Institute.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., The Federal Reserve System. FREEDOM MAGAZINE, September, October 1966. THE FREEMAN, April 1972, pp. 245-253, FEE. - PEACE PLANS 804. - Also in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.325. Thinks that the "real bills doctrine” was vitiated by the effect of the rediscount rate. I hold that the substitution of sound commercial bills by financial bills was probably more significant. Also the formality, that promised ultimate payment in rare metal coins, rather than merely by clearing. Whenever that cash payment was enforced, it wa very troublesome to the bill debtor. - Since even sound bills, reckoning in a sound value standard, were widely marketed, even internationally, they had, naturally, also a “foreign exchange” rate. - But that rate did not effect their discounting by free local banks with their notes, in turnover credit, to pay wages with, keep the factories and further production going, while the goods, upon whose sale to the wholesalers the note issue was based, were moving from them to the retailers and, thus, finally, to the consumers. - After over 200 years of discussions among “economists” this subject is still not clear in most of their minds, because they are blocked by notions of the supposed need to cover and redeem banknotes and bills of exchange with gold coins. They are, mostly, still blind to the simple clearing process involved, based upon a sound or sound enough value standard. - “None is so blind as he, who does not wish to see.” - J.Z.) - Perhaps onlyl digitized “argument mapping” could finally straighten out this argument. - 15.7.10.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., The Languishing Euro. 1p., on www.sennholz.com - received 28.2.02.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., The Monetary Writings of Carl Menger. - "The Monetary Writings of Carl Menger" - Reprinted from The Gold Standard: An Austrian Perspective, by Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr. (Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1985), pp. 19-34. - Related: Biography, Methodology, Money/Banking, Econ. History, Money, Monetary Policy - Online at the Mises Institute.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., The Savings and Loan Bail-out: Valiant Rescue or Hysterical Reaction? (1989) Spring Mills, Pa.: Libertarian Press.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., The Second German Inflation and Destruction of the Mark (1933-1948) The United States - 1970 until? - Printed as a public service by the Love Box Company, Inc., Wichita, Kansas, 26 S. - JZL.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., The Truth about the Great Depression. Lansing, Michigan, Constitutional Alliance, 1969. M.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., The Underground Economy. 1982, www.sennholz.com - www.mises.org/etexts/underground.pdf

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., The Value of Money. THE FREEMAN, 11/69, 7pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.318.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F.,Transforming the Command Economics. THE FREEMAN, May 1991, pp. 164-166.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., Two-Digit Inflation. THE FREEMAN, Jan. 75, 13pp, in PEACE PLANS 806.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., Unemployment Compensation. - “Unemployment Compensation” FEE Timely Classic. - There are insurable and also uninsurable risks. - All the wrongs and irrationalities of monetary and financial despotism cannot be properly insured against. Attempts to do so have unintended consequences. Only preventative and ending steps can cope sufficiently with unemployment. These should be sufficiently discussed and applied. Alas, most of the unemployed themselves seem to have the least interest in them. - J.Z., 14.7.10.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., Unemployment in Puerto Rico. THE FREEMAN, 6/83, 9pp, in PEACE PLANS 1759/1760, p.217. - Here, too, he seems to ignore the effects of monetary despotism. There is no freedom, there, either, for competing local currencies to compete for local labor. Later Dr. S. wrote an excellent book on free banking. Self-defeating restrictions like minimum wages tend to arise and to be maintained only under conditions of monetary despotism. They are not, by themselves, sufficient to explain the phenomenon of involuntary mass unemployment. - J.Z., 19.5.02.

SENNHOLZ, Dr. HANS F., Woeful Bankers. THE FREEMAN, 5/95, 2pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.341. Also, in NOTES FROM FEE, May 95.

SERVICE EXCHANGE ASSOCIATION, THE, Do You Recognize this Symbol? One page advertisement only of this association, P.O. Box 55, Greenbrook, New Jersey 08 812. It publishes or published an association directory. I have only the copyrighted 1981, 1 page advertisement of it and do not know whether this assn. still exists. - It was reproduced somewhere in PEACE PLANS. - J.Z.

SEUSS, EDUARD, Die Zukunft des Geldes. Wien 1877. - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen.

SEUSS, EDUARD, Die Zukunft des Silbers. Wien 1892. - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen.

SEUSS, WILHELM, Alles über Geld. Freiburg: Herder 1973. - Flamant. - Das ist, leider, immer noch nicht zusammengetragen und leicht zugängig gemacht. In einem einzigen Buch kann das überhaupt nicht getan werden, es sei denn man schwafelt meist nur in allgemeinen Phrasen. Wieviele davon sind ganz richtig? - J.Z., 11.3.10.

SEUSS, WILHELM, Die Geldtheorie von Friedrich A.von Hayek. Zur Neuauflage der beiden Frühwerke und zu "Denationalisation of Money". ORDO, Band 28, 1977, 6 S., in PEACE PLANS 806.

SEUSS, WILHELM, Die Vision vom guten Geld, in FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE ZEITUNG vom 8.3.1977. (Gerding)

SEVERANCE, FRANK H., Millard Fillmore Papers, Volume One. ed. Publications of the Buffalo Historical Society 10 (1907). - SHADE, G. W. (1972)

SEWELL, Roman Coins in India. JOURNAL OF ASIATIC SOCIETY, Vol. XXXVI. London, 1904. - Groseclose, Money & Man.

SEYD, ERNEST, Bullion and Foreign Exchanges, Theoretically and Practically Considered. London, 1868.

SEYD, ERNEST, The Bank of England Note Issue and Its Error. - The Bank of England Note Issue and Its Error Cassell, Petter & Galpin 1874, 298 pp. - Only one error? Of interest to Free Banking advocates? - J.Z.

SEYFFERT, R., Die Problematik der Distribution. 1952. - Rittershausen, Wirtschaft, 1960 Auflage. - It is problematic mainly only once the exchange medium and the value standard are monopolized and imposed. - J.Z., 3.7.10.

SEYMOUR E. HARRIS, Monetary Problems of the British Empire. New York, 1931. - Groseclose, (1934). - Under monetary despotism they are universal. - J.Z., 3.7.10.

SEYMOUR, DEXTER C., Templeton Reid. First of the Pioneer Coiners. The American Numismatic Society (ANS) MUSEUM NOTES, New York, 1974. “Classic of numismatic research which illuminated many seemingly permanent mysteries of the Appalachian gold rush.” - Alexander, Coin World, Cat. & Encyclopedia. - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

SEYMOUR, DEXTER C., The 1830 Coinage of Templeton Reid. MUSEUM NOTES 22, The American Numismatic Society, New York, 1977. - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

SEYMOUR, F. NORTON, Ten Men of Money Island. London, 161pp, appendix by Henry Seymour. (Meulen books, Goldsmith Collection.

SEYMOUR, HENRY - Main spirit behind the Free Currency Movement and "FREE TRADE AND FREE EXCHANGE", 1892. - See FREE EXCHANGE.

SEYMOUR, HENRY, A short exchange with W. Thorne. 1896, 1p, in PEACE PLANS 806.

SEYMOUR, HENRY, P. J. Proudhon. London, 1888.

SEYMOUR, HENRY, Review, in LIBERTY, London, Nov. 1895, of "Ten Men of Money Island", by Seymour F. Norton, with an appendix by Henry Seymour, 2pp, in PEACE PLANS 806.

SEYMOUR, HENRY, The ABC of Free Money. Free Currency Leaflet 3, 1 page, London, n.d., Mackay Bibl.

SEYMOUR, HENRY, THE ANARCHIST. A magazine, see: "ANARCHIST".

SEYMOUR, HENRY, The Fallacy of Marxist Theory of Surplus Value. Murdoch & Co, London 1897. - (Meulen books, Goldsmith Collection)

SEYMOUR, HENRY, The Monomaniacs: A Fable in Finance. Free Currency Tract No. 1, 1895, 6pp, in PEACE PLANS 806, 8pp in PEACE PLANS 803.

SEYMOUR, HENRY, The Philosophy of Anarchism. London, 1887, 16pp.

SEYMOUR, HENRY, The Two Anarchisms. Leaflet, 2pp, London, 1894. - (All of his writings are wanted by me. - J.Z.)

SHACKLE G. L. S., Keynes and Today's Establishment in Economic Theory: A View." JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE, June 1973, vol. XI, no. 2. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

SHADE, W. G., see SPENCE, C. C.

SHADE, WILLIAM GERALD, Banks and Politics in Michigan, 1835-1845." MICHIGAN HISTORY, 57 (1973): 28-68. - Woodford, Detroit & its Banks.

SHADE, WILLIAM GERALD, Banks Or No Banks. The Money Issue in Western Politics 1832-1865. Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 1972, indexed, 328 pp, including extensive notes and a 9pp bibliography. - JZL. - The question should rather be: Privileged or even despotic banks or free and competitive ones, all only for their volunteers! If the privileged or despotic ones were to confine their activities to their own volunteers only, in their voluntary payment or statist comunities, confined to their exterritorial autonomy and under personal laws, then their privileges and despotic powers within these limitations would be unobjectionable for outsiders, too. - J.Z., 6.5.10.

SHADE, WILLIAM GERALD, The Background of the Michigan Free Banking Law. MICHIGAN HISTORY, 52 (1968): 229-344. - Woodford, Detroit & its Banks.

SHADWELL, A., Food Prices and Food Supply. THE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND AFTER, April 1917, p.736. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

SHAFER, NEIL, A Guide Book of Modern United States Currency. 8. Aufl., Racine 1979. - Albert Pick

SHAFER, NEIL, A Guide Book of Philippine Paper Money. Racine 1964. - Albert Pick - To?

SHAFER, NEIL, Philippine Emergency and Guerrilla Currency of World War II. Racine 1974. - Albert Pick

SHAFER, NEIL: Let's Collect Paper Money. Racine, U.S.A. 1976. - Albert Pick. - Let’s rather issue our own kinds of paper monies - all optional, all using self-chosen value standards, redeemable only in whatever wanted goods, services and labor we have to offer or in our debt payment receipts. All without any monopoly and without any legal tender power. Free market rated, with their issue and reflux subject to full publicity and only we, as issuers, obliged to accept them at any time (well, during shopping or business hours!) at par! - If the collecting hobby on its own enlightened people sufficiently about money then we would have had monetary freedom already long ago. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SHAFFER, BUTLER, Personal Declaration of Principles. INNOVATOR, Sept. 1966, PEACE PLANS 589/590, also in INNOVATOR issues in PEACE PLANS 592-594.

SHAH, PARTH, The Option Clause in Free-Banking Theory and History: A Reappraisal. - Vol. 10 Num. 2, 1-25. - Review of Austrian Economics - Online at the Mises Institute. SHENOY, SUDHA R., "Austrian Capital Theory and the Undeveloped Areas: An Overview

SHALER, The United States. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S.

SHANN, E. O. G. & COPLAND, D. B., Notes on the Australian Position. December 1931, Sydney, 1932. - HOLDER, Bk of NSW.

SHANN, E. O. G. & COPLAND, D. B., The Australian Price-Structure 1932. (editors) - Mills & Walker, Money, 1935-1952. - Based on a monopoly currency, legally forced upon its victims! - J.Z., 27.3.10.

SHANN, E. O. G. & COPLAND, D. B., The Battle of the Plans. Official reports and similar material assembled. (editors) - Mills & Walker, Money, 1935-1952. - Plan vs. plan, all to be enforced, while rights and liberties in this sphere are suppressed! - J.Z., 27.3.10.

SHANN, E. O. G. & COPLAND, D. B., The Crisis in Australian Finance, 1929-31. (editors) Sydney, 1931. Official reports and similar material assembled. - Mills & Walker, Money, 1935-1952.

SHANN, E. O. G., An Economic History of Australia. Cambridge, 1930. - HOLDER, Bank of NSW.

SHANN, E. O. G., The Boom of 1890 - And Now. Sydney, 1927. - HOLDER, Bk of NSW.

SHANNON, RUSSELL, The Trouble with Keynes. - THE FREEMAN, July 95, pp.412-415. - THE FREEMAN adds: “A dubious legacy of political activism and short-run solutions.” He offers 17 references, but since only negative criticism seems to be involved, I haven’t extracted them for this bibliography. - J.Z., 14.6.10.

SHAPIRO, MAX, The Penniless Billionaires. Times Books, 3 Park Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016, 308 pages. - Reviewed, by REED, LAWRENCE W., THE FREEMAN, Aug. 81, pp.509, 512, as a history of inflation.

SHAPIRO, ROBERT J., Politics and the Federal Reserve. PUBLIC INTEREST 66 (Winter 1982): 119-39. - “On Fed accommodation of Treasury needs.” - White, Competition & Currency.

SHARE: For a packet of information on the SHARE program, write to SHARE, PO Box 125, Great Barrington, MA 01230 [editorial note: this address has probably changed since this article was first published]. - Boog Highberger, 1987

SHARKEY, ROBERT P., Money, Class, and Party: An Economic Study of Civil War and Reconstruction. Baltimore, 1959. - Sharp, James Roger: The Jacksonians versus the Banks.

SHARKEY, WILLIAM W., The Theory of Natural Monopoly. 1982. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

SHARP, JAMES ROGER, The Jacksonians Versus The Banks. Politics in the States After the Panic of 1837. 1920, Columbia University Press, New York, London, indexed & with bibliography, 392pp, photocopy only. - JZL.

SHATERIAN, W. S., Export-Import Banking. 2nd ed., New York: Ronald, 1956. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking.

SHAW, A. G. L., The Story of Australia. London, 1955. - HOLDER, Bk of NSW.

SHAW, EDWARD S., Money Income and Monetary Policy. Chicago, 1950. - Paul Einzig, How Money Is Managed. The Ends & Means of Monetary Policy. - Homewood: Irwin, 1950. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking.

SHAW, EDWARD S., The Positive Case for Automatic Monetary Control. In: Prager, Jonas, ed. Monetary Economics: Controversies in Theory and Policy. Part Eight: Rules Versus Discretion. New York: Random House, 1971: 348-351. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

SHAW, GEORGE BERNARD, The Intelligent Woman's Guide to Socialism and Capitalism. New York, Brentano's, 1928, p. 263. - White, Competition & Currency. - I would be interested in a quote from Shaw that supports monetary freedom. - Economically, to my knowledge, he was, mostly, a statist and State-Socialist misleader. - J.Z., 3.7.10.

SHAW, SHOSHY ERIKA, Poverty in India: God Given or Man Made? A view of the underdevelopment in India. May 83 course paper, 20pp, with some monetary freedom notions, in PEACE PLANS 906. Alas, when after 2 marriages and 6 boys, three of them mine, she finally got around to study at a university, she first studied not economics but, rather, music, then psychology and finally, to get a job, as a teacher, education. But she resigned fast from that kind of a job, in disgust with its routines, enforced by the principal. She found it easier to stimulate her pupils into self-motivated educational activities than to get support from the Education Department and its officials for them. Sensible ideas and practices still do encounter - blockheads, almost everywhere. She is still somewhat libertarian, but not active as such. Well, for most of us it is not a paying proposition and feedback is usually insufficient, as long as libertarianism is not sufficiently organized in a market-like way, as I suggested in my latest book (“new draft”, Jan. 10, 326 Kb, zipped, still only a rough work in progress, which I may never get around to finish. Sent upon request via email attachment.), well summarized by Gian Piero de Bellis on www.panarchy.org - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SHAW, WILLIAM A., Seclect Tracts and Documents Illustrative of English Monetary History, 1626-1730. London, Wilsons and Milne, 1896, Kelley reprint 1967, 214pp. - JZL. Seems to contain little if anything on monetary freedom. Only history of the usual governmental restrictions and abuses. 214pp, LFB sales price was $ 8.75. - J.Z.)

SHAW, WILLIAM A., Select Tracts and Documents Illustrative of English Monetary History. 1626-1730. ECONOMIC HISTORY, Feb.1936, vol. iii. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling. I guess that this is only a magazine article reviewing the book. - J.Z.

SHAW, WILLIAM. A., The History of Currency, 1232 to 1894. 1892, 1895. 2nd ed. London, 1896. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling. - Groseclose, Money & Man. - 2nd. ed., New York, August M. Kelly, 1967. - Timberlake.

SHAW, WILLIAM. A., Theory and Principles of Central Banking. London, 1930. - Groseclose, Money & Man. - It seems that books on central banking are easier to write and sell than books on free banking. But, times “are a’changing”, as this bibliography demonstrates. Never before were so many texts offered on free banking and monetary freedom. But they are still insufficiently known, listed, abstracted, reviewed, compared, discussed and published together. This inspite of the now existing and affordable electronic options. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SHAW, WILLIAM. A., Writers on English Monetary History 1626-1730. London, 1935. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

SHEEHAN, JAMES, Clinton’s Money Man. - The Free Market - May 2001. - Online at the Mises Institute.

SHELDON, H. P., The Practice and Law of Banking. - Sykes, Ernest, Banking and Currency, 9th ed., 1947.

SHELTON, H. H., Bankruptcy Law, Its History and Purpose. AMERICAN LAW REVIEW, Vol. XLIV. - Reginald Charles McGrane, The Panic of 1837, 1924. - Sensible bankruptcy laws that could also and easily be applied to territorial governments - seem to shine still by their absence. With them we could put an end to territorial governments, which cause most of the private bankruptcies by their anti-economic and multiple interventionism, particularly in the monetary and financial sphere. In spite of some democratic and republican features, most territorial statism still amounts to well organized irresponsibility, favoring and rewarding the office holders and rarely holding them responsible for their wrongful and irrational interventions. - Under the pretence of “freedom to vote” we are deprived of the most important decision-making votes on our own affairs and lives, our properties, earnings and earnings opportunities. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SHELTON, JUDY, Money Meltdown - Restoring Order to the Global Currency System. New York. The Free Press. 1994, 399pp. - Nataf. - Reviewed by Raymond J. Keating in THE FREEMAN, Dec. 94, p.711/712.

SHENFIELD, ARTHUR A., The British Monetary Experience 1797-1821. - CMRE Monographs No.30.

SHENOY, SUDHA R., Austrian Economics: Perspectives on the Past and Prospects for the Future. Champions of Freedom: THE LUDWIG VON MISES LECTURE SERIES, Volume 17. Richard Ebeling, Ed. Hillsdale College: Hillsdale College Press, 1991, pp. 379-423. - Related: Capital/Interest, Interdisciplinary, International Economics, Internationa Business, International Finance, Development Policy, Technology, Country Studies, Capitalism, Socialism, Socialist Transition, Other Systems, Comparative Systems - Online at the Mises Institute.

SHENOY, SUDHA, Monetary Policy and Economic Fluctuations: Cause & Consequence. 7pp., 1977, 36x, in PEACE PLANS 571.

SHENOY, SUDHA, Wage-Price Control: Myth and Reality. (ed.) The Centre for Independent Studies, Turramurra, Australia, 1978. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

SHEPARD, EDWARD M., Martin Van Buren. American Statesmen series. Boston and New York, 1888, 1899. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

SHEPPARD, J. H., Sketch of Hon. Nathan Appleton. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

SHERMAN, H. J., A Marxist Theory of the Business Cycle. 1979. REVIEW OF RADICAL POLITICAL ECONOMICS 11 (Spring): 1-23. - Frank Vorhies

SHERMAN, H. J., Marx and the Business Cycle. 1967. SCIENCE AND SOCIETY 31:486-504. - Frank Vorhies

SHERMAN, H. J., Marxist Models of Cyclical Growth. 1971. HISTORY OF POLITICAL ECONOMY 3, (Spring): 28-55. - Frank Vorhies. - Marx and Mises had one thing in common: Both believed that their particular crisis theory is the correct one. Both managed to ignore about 150 other crisis theories. That is easily done, for so far they do not seem to have been more than counted. Henry Meulen, in his THE INDIVIDUALIST, referred to such a list published by the German ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR DAS GESAMETE KREDITWESEN. Als, I have never seen that article. All these theories and hypotheses or dogmas should be published together, with all their pro and con. Electronically that could now be done, even cheaply. As it is, the old mistakes, errors, laws, prejudices, institutions, policies, regulations, that cause most crises are being repeated over and over again, almost like price control attempts - for 4,000 years. - Dissenters ought to become free to opt out of these messes and engage in their own experiments, among their own kind of volunteers only. Then at least some of the experimenters would be able to demonstrate how to achieve crisis-free economic relationships. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SHERMAN, JOHN, Papers. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. - SHADE, G. W. (1972), Manuscripts.

SHERMAN, JOHN, Recollections of Forty Years in the House, Senate and Cabinet. 2 vols. New York: Werner Company, 1895. - SHADE, G. W. (1972)

SHERMAN, ROGER, A Caveat Against Injustice or An Inquiry into the Evils of a Fluctuating Medium of Exchange, Wherein is considered, whether the bills of credit on the neighboring governments, are a legal tender in payments of money, in the colony of Connecticut, for debts due by book, and otherwise, where the contract mentions only old-tenor money. 1982, Spencer Judd, Publishers, First published 1752. Pages 27 + 29-43 in this modern edition. Original Plates, cover and pages 3 to 15, on pages 44-57 of this new edition. With selected bibliography, 1p. - Roger Sherman, 1721-1793. Reproduced in 35 pp. inPEACE PLANS 732. - JZL. - - “Written in 1752 and suppressed for more than 200 years, this concise book proves that the legislative intent of the Constitution was to condemn paper money systems such as exists today. Probably the most important economics treatise ever written, considering the writer was also the framer of the Constitution's monetary provisions. Introduction by F. Tupper Saussy.” - Spencer Judd, Publishers, Post Office Box 143, Sewanee, TN 37375. - At least some people have still not learnt to distinguish between paper money with and without legal tender power and an issue monopoly and between paper money with and those without a sound and voluntary “shop foundation”, “tax-foundation”, “contribution-foundation” etc. To many are still stuck with their “thinking” on rare metal coins and 100% covered and redeemable certificates. - J.Z., 13.4.10.

SHERWELL, CHRIS, Indonesia's Successful Banking Reforms. THE BANKER (August 1985) 28. - White, Competition & Currency. - How successful - in the direction of free banking? - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SHERWOOD, SIDNEY, Tendencies in American Economic Thought. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY STUDIES IN HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE, 15th Series, no.12, 1897. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

SHINJO, HEROSHI, History of the Yen. 1962, Kobe Research Institute for Economic and Business Administration, Series No. 1, Tokyo, Kinokuniya Bookstore Co., Ltd.; - Schuler. - How many inflations, deflations and stagflations does it record? How many monetary freedom attempts occurred in Japan? - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SHIRE, C. J., Weights of English & Northern Coins. NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE, 1871. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

SHIREFF, PATRICK, A Tour Through North America. Edinburgh, 1835. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

SHIRRAS, G. F., Indian Finance and Banking. London, 1920. - HOLDER, Bk of NSW.

SHIVELY, CHARLES, Josiah Warren: The First American Anarchist. Paper delivered at the Anarchos Institute Conference, Montreal, June 5, 1982.

SHKURKO, A. S., The Industrial Wage System in the USSR, INTERNATIONAL LABOR REVIEW, November 1964. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

SHONFIELD, A., British Economic Policy Since the War. London, 1958. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

SHORT, E. D., FIRREA: Texas and the nation. (1990) DURRELL JOURNAL OF MONEY AND BANKING 2, May: 11-18. - Dowd. - He should have got a negative prize for its non-informative title! - J.Z., .6.10.

SHORT, EUGENE D. & O'DRISCOLL, GERALD P. Jr., Deposit Insurance and Financial Stability. - BUSINESS FORUM, Summer 1983, 10-33. - Wells & Scruggs.

SHORT, EUGENE D. & O'DRISCOLL, GERALD P. Jr., Deregulation and Deposit Insurance. 1983. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Economic Review (September). - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

SHORTT, ADAM, Adam Shortt’s History of Canadian Currency and Banking 1600-1880. 1986, Toronto, Canad. Bankers' Assn. Originally published as a series of articles in the JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN BANKERS' ASSN., 1896 to 1906 and 1921 to 1925. - Schuler. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System.

SHOSTAK, Dr. FRANK, Professor Stiglitz and Lord Keynes. - Professor Stiglitz and Lord Keynes Ludwig von Mises Institute, DAILY ARTICLE, June 4, 2002

SHOSTAK, Dr. FRANK, Why the Present Monetary System Cannot Be Reformed. THE NEW AUSTRALIAN, No. 155, 6-18 June 2000, 4pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, item 138 between pages 678 & 690. - www.newaus.com.au/index.html - His thinking on money is still as flawed and limited as was the proof reading of this article. - On the other hand, I managed to forget to put the page number into my list. - All of us have our faults. - Will this listing of texts get much more of a fruitful discussion going on such subjects? I can only hope so and also, that all of it will be sufficiently published in an affordable and accessible medium. - J.Z., 4.1.01. If it cannot be reformed or is too difficult to reform then at least volunteers should become free to opt out from under it and do their own things among themselves, at their own risk and expense, in the monetary and financial sphere. It would not be easy to do worse than the present territorial system does and relatively easy to do much better, if one is free to do so. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SHOSTAK, FRANK, Fractional Reserve Banking and Boom-Bust Cycles. - 2/28/2007. - Mises Institute Working Papers - Online at the Mises Institute.

SHOSTAK, FRANK, The Mystery of the Money Supply Definition. - Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics - Vol. 3, No. 4. - Online at the Mises Institute. - No mystery under monetary freedom! It would permit people to supply themselves with as many exchange media or kinds of value standards as they prefer for their exchanges, just like they act, when free, as producers, traders, workers and professionals in every other economic sphere, guided by free pricing, free contracts, individual choices, publicity, in all the other spheres of their private lives. For despots, even well-meaning bureaucrats and politicians, or economic “experts” it is impossible to predict, guide and determine better what kinds of media, value standards, clearing arrangements etc. people would prefer for themselves, given the choice. Image a single restaurant chain, run by the best dieticians, doctors, naturopaths and cooks, but offering everywhere only the same meal or the same menu. People would arise against that faster than they would against central banks and their man-made catastrophes. - J.Z., 19.2.10. - Let each be free to follow his own definition, at the own risk and expense and everybody else be free to reject the definitions, practices and institutions of others in this sphere. In short: Let good money drive out the bad! Let voluntary taxation or contribution schemes drive out the coercive ones! Then improvements could and would occur rather fast. Those unwilling to make them would be the only ones to suffer under their dogmas, errors, prejudices, false assumptions and conclusions, as they should. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SHOUL, B., Karl Marx and Say's Law. 1957. QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 71 (November): 611-29. - Frank Vorhies

SHRIGLEY, I., The Price of Gold. (ed.) London, 1935. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

SHUGHART II, WILLIAM F. & TOLLISON, ROBERT D., Preliminary Evidence on the Use of Inputs by the Federal Reserve System. AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW 73 (June 1983): 291-304. - White, Competition & Currency.

SHUGHART II, WILLIAM F., A public choice perspective of the 1933 Banking Act. (1988) in C. England and T. Huertas (eds), op. tit, Ch.5. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System. - A Public Choice Perspective of the Banking Act of 1933 - Comment by Richard H. Timberlake. - THE CATO JOURNAL, Winter 1988. - 'A public choice perspective on the Banking Act of 1933', chapter 5 of C. England and T. Huertas (eds) The Financial Services Revolution, Boston, Mass.: Kluwer. - Dowd

SHULL, BERNARD, Commercial Banks as Multi-Product Price-Discriminating Firms. In: Gies, Thomas G., and Apilado, Vincent P., eds. Banking Markets and Financial Institutions. Homewood, Ill., Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1971: 167-179. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

SHULTZ, GEORGE P. & ALIBER, ROBERT Z., Guidelines, Informal Controls and the Marketplace. (eds.) University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1966. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

SHULTZ, GEORGE P. & DAM, KENNETH W., Reflections on Wage and Price Controls. INDUSTRIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS REVIEW, Vol. 30, January 1977, pp. 139-151. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

SHULTZ, WILLIAM J. & CAINE, M. R., Financial Development of the United States. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1937. - Klebaner - As usual, going from bad to worse! - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SHULTZ, WILLIAM J. & REINHARDT, HEDWIG, Credit and Collection Management. 3rd ed., Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1962. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking. - Debt collection would be much easier if able and willing debtors were allowed to repay the full value of their credit, expressed e.g. in grams of gold, in their own clearing certificates, accepted by them at par with their nominal value standard, e.g. grams of gold, in payment for whatever they do have to offer in wanted goods, services or labor, also priced out, e.g., in grams of gold. Presently, they are still forced to pay in an officially recognized exclusive currency or assignments to it and benefit from monetary despotism only partly and temporarilly, e.g. when they can repay their debts with depreciated money. But that advantage has its limits. Under that condition they will find it difficult to get new credits. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SIDDELEY, LESLIE, The Rise and Fall of Fraternal Insurance Organizations. - The Rise and Fall of Fraternal Insurance Organizations

SIDNEY, ALGERNON, Discourses Concerning Government. England: Gregg International Publishers, Ltd., 1968, 3rd Edition, MDCCLI, Republished. - Leslie Snyder, Justice or Revolution.

SIEBERT, B., Drei Jahre Goldsuspension in England. Berlin, 1935. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank. - Gold was not suspended. Redemption in Gold of its own notes was suspended by the Bank of England. - J.Z. - If gold had been really “suspended” then the anti-gravity problem or the levitation problem might have been solved! - Careless use of terms does not help in the monetary and financial sphere, either. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SIEGEL, BARRY N., Money in Crisis, The Federal Reserve, the Economy and Monetary Reform. (editor, 1984) Pacific Institute for Public Policy Research, San Francisco, Ballinger Publishing Co, Cambridge, Massachusetts, foreword by Leland B. Yeager, 361pp. - (JZL) - Contains at least some free banking articles - which are here separately listed. - J.Z. - White, Competition & Currency.

SIEGEL, BARRY N., The Future Monetary Unit of Value. (editor) Pacific Institute, San Francisco, 1984. - Greco. - Why should there be only one of them? For most of history, all over the world, we had several value standards. Free choice of value standards also, for individuals and minorities in their contracts! All monetary rights and liberties to those who do appreciate them! - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SIEMENS, GEORG von, Die Lage des Scheckwesens in Deutschland. Berlin 1883. - Obst.

SIEMENS, GEORG, Leviathan. Die Wege zum Totalen Staat. Port Verlag, Urach, 1949. 209 pp. I marked some monetary freedom ideas in it. - J.Z. - JZL.

SIEMSEN, CARL, Das Notgeld Portugals 1917-1922. Berlin 1973. - Albert Pick

SIEPMAN, UDO & DREYHAUPT, KLAUS F., Privater Wettbewerb im Geldwesen. Überlegungen zu einem Vorschlag von F. A. von Hayek. ORDO, 29, 1978, 16pp, in PEACE PLANS 795.

SIEVEKING, HEINRICH, Genueser Finanzwesen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Casa di S. Georgio. Freiburg 1899. - Obst.

SIGRID, KARL, Yes or No to the Euro? FEE Timely Classic, pointed out with FEE Brief, 8.3.10.“Yes or No to the Euro?” - No one has the right to lay down - by territorial legislation - what others should be using as their exchange medium, clearing method and value standard, since there are monetary rights and liberties, too, even though they are ignored in the constitutions of most States, most of the public and private human rights declarations and in most of the orthodox texts of economics. - J.Z., 6.5.10.

SIK, OTA, Der Dritte Weg. (1973) - GRÜNES LAND, Inflation und Arbeitslosigkeit sind Betrug mit Falschgeld, 1974. - Gesellians! - J.Z.

SIK, OTA, Fakten der tschechischen Wirtschaft. (1969) - GRÜNES LAND, Inflation und Arbeitslosigkeit sind Betrug mit Falschgeld, 1974. - Gesellians! - J.Z.

SIK, OTA, Planung und Markt im Sozialismus. (tsch., 1965 - dt.1968) - GRÜNES LAND, Inflation und Arbeitslosigkeit sind Betrug mit Falschgeld, 1974. - Gesellians! - J.Z.

SILBERLING, N. J., British Theories of Money and Credit, 1776-1848. Unpublished Harvard thesis, 1919. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

SILBERLING, N. J., Financial and Monetary Policy of Great Britain during the Napoleonic Wars. part II, QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS xxviii, (1924), 397-439. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

SILBERNER, EDMUND, Moses Hess. Geschichte seines Lebens. E. J. Brill, Leiden 1966. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

SILEX, Letters on Banks and Banking. Boston, 1853. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

SILL, THOMAS H., Speech ... on Corporations, Banks, and Currency. (Philadelphia: Kay, 1838), p.14. - Klebaner

SILVERMAN, H. A., The Substance of Economics, for the Student and the General Reader. London, Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd., 1933, with bibliography & index 352pp. 8th. English Edition, ed. for Australian use by A. Clunies Ross, Melbourne, Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd., 1935, with bibliography & index 380pp. - He is pretty good on Gresham’s Law, pp.186-188. Thus there may be other good and here relevant passages in it. - PEACE PLANS. 196/7. - J.Z. - JZL.

SIMCOCK, JONATHAN, LETS and Josiah Warren. 2pp: in PEACE PLANS 1630, August 2000, p.42.

SIMES, DIMITRI K., The Soviet Parallel Market. SURVEY, Vol. 21, November 3, 1975. “’Samizdat’ sources have put the proportion of personal net disposable income spent on the parallel economy at between 10 and 30 percent.” - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation. - Does this mean that there were, under this totalitarianism, possibly, more untaxed or free market transactions than occur, in the average, in most Western and supposedly democratic and „free“ countries? - Under totalitarianism one often has to engage in black market transactions in order to survive. We do not have this incentive in the West. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SIMMEL, GEORG, Die Philosophie des Geldes. 2. Auflage, Duncker und Humblot, Leipzig 1907. - Max Franzke, Untergang der Welt-Goldwährung? 1931. - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen. - . - 3. Aufl., 1920. - BENDIXEN, Das Wesen des Geldes, 1922. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies. - Das Geld selbst hat keine Philosophie und die Meinungen der meisten, die über das Geld schreiben, sind nicht wirklich philosophisch und wissenschaftlich. - J.Z., 27.3.10. - This „philosophy“ and that of others is still as statist and chaotic, in most cases, as is philosophy in general. - J.Z., 28.4.10.

SIMMEL, GEORG, editor of: Weingartner, R. H., Experience and Culture. 1962. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

SIMMEL, GEORG, Hauptprobleme der Philosophie. G. J. Goschen'sche Verlagshandlung 1910. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies. Has he sufficiently dealt with the philosophical problems involved in monetary, financial and territorial despotism, with war and peace, self-management vs. hierarchical production and business systems, the exterritorial autonomy alternatives for communities of volunteers, genuine individual rights and liberties, or has, he most philosophers, put these into the “too hard basket”? - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SIMMEL, GEORG, Soziologische Untersuchungen über die Formen der Vergesellschaftung. Duncker und Humblot, Berlin 1958. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

SIMMEL, GEORG, Soziologische Vorlesungen. Gehalten an der Universität Berlin 1899. Reprinted: Society for Social Research, University of Chicago, 1931, Series 1, no. 11. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

SIMMEL, GEORG, The Conflict in Modern Culture and Other Essays. Translated with an introduction by K. Peter Etzkorn. Teachers College Press, Columbia University, New York. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

SIMMEL, GEORG, The Philosophy of Money. Translated by Tom Bottommore and David Frisby, 1978 [1907]. London, Routledge, Kegan, and Paul. - T. Cowen & R. Kroszner, Nov. 90.

SIMMONS, EDWARD C., The Concept of Lawful Money. JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY 46 (Feb. 1938): 108-118. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition. - JZL., photocopy. - Genuinely lawful money should be distinguished from merely legally imposed money. The latter status is all that most governmental currencies can claim for themselves. - J.Z., 16.7.10.

SIMON, E., Die Entstehung des Schweizerischen Wirtschaftsringes. Fortsetzungsweise publiziert in „WIR-Pionier“, Mai 1958 bis August 1959. - Lautner, Der „WIR“ Verrechnungsverkehr, 1964.

SIMON, H. A., Theories of Decision Making in Economics and Behavioral Science. AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, June 1959, vol. 49. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

SIMON, HELEN, Robert Owen. Fischer Jena, 1905. - Brings some details on his "labour notes" and "Equitable Labour Exchange". I would like a copy of this work not only because of this but also because it is supposed to contain a hint that at the end of his life O. came to believe that without a militia a radical social reform could neither be achieved nor protected. I believe that I saw a new edition once for sale, but it was too expensive for me and in rapid browsing I did not find the relative passage. A copy is in the Freiburg Univ. library, if I remember right. - J.Z.

SIMON, JULES, Le libre-échange. - Le libre-échange - A. Lacroix, Verboeckhoven, éditeurs 1870, 333

SIMON, JULIAN L., On Keynes as a Practical Economist. THE FREEMAN, 8/96, 2pp, in PEACE PLANS 1757/1758, p.51.

SIMON, OSCAR, Die Deutsche Reichsbank in den Jahren 1876-1883. Minden i.W. 1884. - Obst.

SIMON, WILLIAM E., Inflation: Made and Manufactured in Washington, D.C. 6pp: in PEACE PLANS 1581/1582, p.95. From IMPRIMIS.

SIMON, WILLIAM, A Time for Action. A Berkley Book, 1980, 1981. - Dr. James L. Green, Investments and Sound Money, in MM, undated.

SIMONS, HENRY C., Economic Policy for a Free Society. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1947, Chapter VII. - Morgan, Monetary Policy for Stable Growth, 1964. - 1951. Press - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

SIMONS, HENRY C., Rules versus Authorities in Monetary Policy. JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY 44 (February 1936). - Barry N. Siegel, Money in Crisis. 1951, in: American Economic Assn., Readings in Monetary Theory, vol. V, p. 363. Homewood, Ill, Richard D. Irwin. - Reprinted from JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, 44 no. 1, 1936. - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking. (February 1926. - Gonzalo Schwarz) - In: Economic Policy for a Free Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973: 160-183. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.- Perhaps he should have said: “The rules of the market and its free associations vs. the legislation of monetary “authorities” and their “monetary policies”. - J.Z., 16.7.10.

SIMPSON, PETER L. P., Je m’accuse!” or Unraveling Collective Financial Responsibility. - (City University of New York) - Peter L.P. Simpson 3/6/2009 Mises Institute Working Papers - Online at the Mises Institute. - Who is by now quite emancipated, at least in his own mind, regarding full monetary and financial freedom? - Who is, at least mentally, quite prepared for a monetary and financial freedom revolution? Who has good enough blue prints ready for it, in case of an extreme crisis, when it might be easiest to realize it? Should we no blame ourselves, also, for this lack of self-education? - J.Z., 12.5.10. - Compare the writings on Bailouts, Stimulation Packages, Pump Priming, Keynesianism, Monetary Policy, Central Banking, Collective Responsibility, Crises, Monetary Revolution. - J.Z.

SIMPSON, STEPHEN, The Working Man's Manual. 1831. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

SINCLAIR, JAMES A., HARRY D. SCHULTZ, How You Can Profit From Gold. 168pp. "Two of the most renowned experts in the field lend their expertise to investor and layman alike."

SINCLAIR, KEITH & MANDLE, W. F., Open Account: A History of the Bank of New South Wales in New Zealand, 1861-1961. Wellington, 1961. - HOLDER, Bk of NSW.

SINCLAIR, Sir JOHN, Hints on Circulation ... with an Account of the Paper Circulation of Scotland. 1822. Edinburgh, Archibald Constable. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

SINCLAIR, Sir JOHN, Letters to the Governor and Directors of the Bank of England, 1797. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935.

SINCLAIR, Sir JOHN, Observations on the Report of the Bullion Committee, 1810. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935.

SINCLAIR, Sir JOHN, Observations Respectfully Submitted to the Select and Secret Committees of Both Houses of Parliament, Appointed to Consider the Propriety of Resuming Cash-Payments, or Continuing the Bank Restriction. 1819. London, J. Hatchard. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

SINCLAIR, Sir JOHN, Thoughts on Currency, and the Means of Promoting National Prosperity, by the Adoption of "An Improved Circulation." 1829. London, Hatchard. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

SINCLAIR, UPTON, Economic Programme as Candidate for the Governorship of California. - MILHAUD, Prof. Edgard, Ending the Unemployment & Trade Crisis. London, Williams & Norgate, 1935.

SINGER, KURT, Das Geld als Zeichen. [Dr.] Jena 1920. 206 S. - Knapp. - Der Titel sagt ebensowenig aus wie z.B. „Geld als Information“. - J.Z., 9.3.10.

SINGER, KURT, Der Krieg und das Geldproblem. (Vortrag, gehalten in Hamburg am 28. März 1917); in: Veröffentlichungen des deutschen Wirtschaftsverbandes für Süd- und Mittel-Amerika, Heft 1, Berlin, 1917, S.86-104. - Fasst in Kürze die Ansichten von Knapp und von Bendixen zusammen. - Knapp. - Nicht der Krieg sondern despotische Gesetzgebung haben das Staatsgeld zum Problem gemacht. -J.Z., 9.3.10. - Der Krieg gab nur ein zusätzliches Motiv zum monetären Despotismus und seinem üblichen Missbrauch. - In den meisten Kriegen war bisher fast alles nicht ganz rechtmässig sonder eher unrechtmässig und das, allzuoft, auf beiden Seiten. - J.Z., 16.7.10.

SINGER, KURT, Die Motive der indischen Geldreform. 113 S. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von Knapp, Strassburg, Verlag von Karl Truebner, Heft XXVI, 1910

SINGER, KURT, Die Staatliche Theorie des Geldes, in: WIRTSCHAFTSDIENST, Nr.13, vom 29. März 1918. 2 S. - Knapp.

SINGER, M.G., Why Gold? (Was offered for $ 6 in LIBERTARIAN REVIEW.) - Why iron? Why water? Mere poetical hints should be avoided in titles of serious writings. - J.Z.

SISMONDI, J. C. L. SIMONDE de, Neue Grundsätze der Politischen Ökonomie. 2. Band, Akademie-Verlag Berlin, 358 S. übersetzt aus der 2. französischen Auflage, Paris, 1827. - Im 6. Kapitel kritisiert er die Ausgabe von Papiergeld mit Zwangskurs. - J.Z. - JZL.

SISMONDI, J. C. L. SIMONDE de, Nouveaux Principes d'Économie Politique. 2nd. ed., Paris, Delaunay, Libraire, 1827), Volume I, Books One and Four; Volume II, Appendix. - Thomas Sowell, Say’s Law. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

SKIDELSKY, ROBERT, John Maynard Keynes. (New York: Viking, 1986). - For an examination of the development of Keynes's thought. - Tyler Cowen, Why Keynesianism Triumphed or, Could so Many Keynesians Have Been Wrong?

SKINNER, A. S., Sir James Steuart: An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy. (1966). - It used to be fashionable, following the classical economists, to write Sir James Steuart out of the mainstream of economic thought but in recent years his importance has been rediscovered through the fine edition of his work by A. S. Skinner.” - Cottrell & Anderson, Money & Banking in England.

SKINNER, DION H., Renniks Australian Coin and Banknote Guide. 9th edition, 1975, 192pp. Includes section on token money. - JZL. - SKINNER, DRÓN H., Renniks Australian Coin and Banknote Guide, Adelaide 1966. - Albert Pick

SKOUSEN, MARK, A Golden Comeback. Part I, THE FREEMAN, 9/98, 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 1755/1756, p.395. Parts II & III, THE FREEMAN, 10 & 11/98, 4pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.367. - I did not find part I really worth printing out. The praises of "the" gold standard are sung often enough. - While its flaws, as an exclusive and imposed value standard and as an exclusive means of payment, are still largely overlooked. - However, the “gold-bugs” have the right to practice their “religion” among themselves and enjoy it, as long as they can. - J.Z., 28.2.10. - 45 KB, in my first CD, folder D FB condensed, subfolder: Skousen Text. Web Site

SKOUSEN, MARK, A Private-Sector Solution to Poverty. THE FREEMAN, 11/99, 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 1766-1768, May 2002, p.620. - On the "micro-lending" provided e.g. by the Grameen Bank. - Alas, it deals still only with the money of monetary despotism and does not aspire to its own private or cooperative note issues, mobilizing the ready for sale labor, services and consumer goods for the productive employment of the able and willing poor. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SKOUSEN, MARK, Austrians vs. Monetarists: Who's Right About Hayek? - Source: Mark Skousen, The Structure of Production (New York University Press, 1990), p.171, and Economics on Trial (Irwin Professional Publishing, 1991, 1993), p. 35. - Reproduced in THE FREEMAN, Feb. 95, 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.374.

SKOUSEN, MARK, Austrians vs. The Chicago School. Part III, THE FREEMAN, 12/96, 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.380.

SKOUSEN, MARK, Correction, Please! The Mother of all Myths. THE FREEMAN, 5/94, 4pp, in PEACE PLANS 1751/1752, p.180. - Against consumer spending as indicator. The withholding of spending or rush spending, e.g. to escape further inflationary price rises, are now a kind of indicators, in the absence of sound value standards and a competitive supply of sound exchange media. This situation would change very much under full monetary freedom, leading to stable value reckoning and a just sufficient supply of exchange media. The produced and wanted goods and services would then almost sell themselves, quite automatically, by being expressed, in shop foundation money, issued for them by their providers and their associations, as a kind of “ticket money” for their performances. These goods and services would then be the main "redemption fund" for competitive exchange media, claimed by consumers, who had earned this currency, usually given in short term loans to their employers to pay their wage and salary bill and other expenses, as well as their profits. They should be only issued in discounts of claims of producers to wholesalers, for goods already produced and delivered and on the road to the retailers. Such currency would have only a short circulation period before being thus “redeemed” and replaced by new issues. It would require no other "cover" and yet could reckon, like the prices of goods and services, which are serving as their redemption fund, in gold weight units, without more than a few gold coins or gold bars actually being traded. All such competitive private currencies would, at least all those with a considerable circulation, would, naturally, be rated on a free gold market and only those standing at par or close enough to par would be widely accepted, at least locally. The others would be refused or discounted and as such they could not inflate the price level reckoned in gold weight units. Quite possibly, some local currencies would circulate and be accepted locally, at their nominal gold-weight value, although they might not be traded at all at any of the large gold markets in the world. - Gold bugs usually overlook this kind of gold standard option, although it is the least expensive and troublesome one of all. - The issued and accepted "tickets" to goods and services would automatically achieve the sale of these goods and services. - Tickets are not valueless or unstable because they are not covered by or redeemable in gold. Consumers want goods and service redemption much more so than gold redemption. They ask for gold redemption only once "shop foundation" is in doubt. Under sound issue & reflux techniques it never is. - J.Z., 17.5.02.

SKOUSEN, MARK, Correction, Please! What's Missing from this Picture? (Market Indicators.) , THE FREEMAN, 8/94, 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 1751/1752, p.177. - Skousen believes in: "The" gold standard, a metallic redemptionist one. He does not advocate or even consider free choice of value standards and freely competing alternative currencies. - J.Z.

SKOUSEN, MARK, Correction, Please! Will Keynes ever Die? THE FREEMAN, 4/94, 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 1751/1752, p.174. - He need not - if we ever achieve the tolerant solution: Keynes only for the Keynesians and any other monetary reform system for its own supporters only! - J.Z. - Keynesianism among volunteers, upheld at their expense and risk need not die. Only its imposed form, one of territorial despotism, should be “killed off” or repealed or overthrown in a monetary revolution. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SKOUSEN, MARK, Did the Gold Standard Cause the Great Depression? THE FREEMAN, 5/95, 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.364 - The gold-clearing standard COULD not cause runs or depressions. - J.Z. - To demand gold coins from an honest debtor, who does not have any, is like torturing a deaf and dumb and also illiterate person to extract a confession out of him. - Producers, farmers, traders, tradesmen, laborers, professionals, shops and shop associations, however, can always offer in payment assignments to their own goods, services and labor, in convenient money denominations, which they would accept like ready cash, at par with their nominal value. To that extent every productive person would be able to pay or clear his or her debts, using sound value reckoning, satisfactory to both the creditors and the debtors. - J.Z., 16.7.10.

SKOUSEN, MARK, Dissent on Keynes: A Critical Appraisal of Keynesian Economics. - Dissent on Keynes: A Critical Appraisal of Keynesian Economics - editor - Praeger, 1992 - Related: Books Online Books - Online at the Mises Institute. - The basic flaw of Keynesianism is the monopolistic and coercive central banking system, which it takes for granted and merely wishes to manipulate, supposedly with the best intentions. - J.Z., 16.7.10.

SKOUSEN, MARK, Friedman Challenges Hayek. THE FREEMAN, 3/95, 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.371.

SKOUSEN, MARK, Friedman vs. The Austrians, Part II: Was there an Inflationary Boom in the 1920's? - THE FREEMAN, 4/95, 4pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.377.

SKOUSEN, MARK, Playing the Price Controls Game. (New Rochelle, N. Y.: Arlington House, 1977). - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

SKOUSEN, MARK, The Mysteries of the Great Depression Finally Solved. THE FREEMAN, 7/97, 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.360. - It should rather be headed: SOME Mysteries … In such a short essay he could not even list the over 150 different economic crisis theories. - J.Z.

SKOUSEN, MARK, The Stagnation Thesis Is Back! THE FREEMAN, 12/95, 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 1751/1752, p.156. - I have not heard or read about any period in “modern” history in which xyz monetary errors, myths, spleens, false assumptions and conclusions were not all too popular with all too many. An encyclopedia for their best refutations is still amiss. - J.Z., 16.7.10.

SKOUSEN, MARK, The Structure of Production. New York and London, New York University Press. 1990. - Nataf - Doesn’t it, too, depend, very largely, on the structure of exchange, clearing and capital market options? The State socialists have all too often overlooked that. Just like those concerned with the production side have all too often overlooked the numerous sound alternatives to the hierarchical employer-employee relationship and to the territorially imposed government system. - J.Z., 25.2.10.

SKOUSEN, MARK, Understanding the Austrian Theory of the Business Cycle. - June 1986 - The Free Market - Online at the Mises Institute. - By understanding only this crisis theory one does not understand all crises. There are dozens of other crisis theories. Some are much better, I believe. All deserve to be sufficiently published and criticized or further improved, if possible. - J.Z., 3.7.10.

SKOUSEN, MARK, What's the Best Measure of Inflation? THE FREEMAN, 5/97, 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.383. - Any kind of crimes, frauds and deceptions ought to be prevented rather than merely measured. No one should be grante the power to engage in it, i.e. the exlusive “right” to issue currency and to turn it into one with a forced value as well. - J.Z., 16.7.10.

SKOUSEN, MARK, Which Is the Best Inflation Indicator: Gold, Oil, or the Commodity Spot Index? - THE FREEMAN, 2/97, 3pp., in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p. 361. - Free choice of value standards! - J.Z.

SKOUSEN, MARK, Why the U.S. Economy I Not Depression-Proof. - Vol. 3 Num. 1 - Review of Austrian Economics - Online at the Mises Institute. - As if we needed any further proof than its history! - J.Z., 16.7.10.

SKOUSEN, MARK, Will Keynes Every Die? THE FREEMAN, April 94, 2pp. - See also under: SKOUSEN, MARK, Correction, Please! Will Keynes ever Die?

SLABAUGH, ARLIE R.: Encased Postage Stamps. Chicago 1967. - Albert Pick

SLABAUIGHT, ARLIE R., Japanese Invasion Money. Hewitt’s Nusmismatic Information Series, Published by Hewitt Bros., NUMISMATIC SCRAPBOOK MAGAZINE, Chicago, 1963, second edition 1965, 32pp. 5. Aufl., Chicago 1977. - Albert Pick

SLOAN, HAROLD S. & ZURCHER, ARNOLD J., Dictionary of Economics. 4th ed. rev., Everyday Handbook Series, New York: Barnes & Noble, Inc., 1961. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking. - 3rd. ed., 355pp, 1953, - JZL. First ed. 1949, 1951, 1953, 1995. My ed. has only an all too short and uninformative note on legal tender and an all too short one on the “free banking” system of New York. - J.Z.

SLOGANS FOR LIBERTY, A - Z, compiled by John Zube, towards an encyclopaedia of such slogans. I believe it to be the largest collection of its kind. I collected such sayings since the 70's. - J.Z., 16. 9. 06. - By now my A to Z collection of over 37 Mbs is online - and I am still collecting more for a supplement. At least some free banking and monetary freedom slogans are included. The jokes extracted from it, can also be found there in a separate file, ca. 500 KBs and they may help to stimulate a comprehensive collection of libertarian jokes. - J.Z., 2.6.10. - SLOGANS FOR LIBERTY, a collection that was gradually compiled and partly published in the PEACE PLANS series by John Zube. Entries e.g. on Monetary Despotism, Monetary Freedom, Money, & Unemployment, in PEACE PLANS 544, 586/87. - The whole set of them 37 Mbs., still needs very much further input from others. I believe I have done most of my bit in this direction. - http://www.dataprospecting.com/cgi-bin/ls.cgi?dir=zube - J.Z., J.Z., 22.5.10. I will keyboard in a supplement only once I have nothing better to do. - 2.6.10.

SLOGANS FOR LIBERTY, Human Rights. 74 KB, also PP 589/590, JZem.

SLOGANS FOR LIBERTY, Money, 123 entries on 9 pages, file FB floppy 1, combined files, p. 245 ff. - See the above URL.

SLOSSON, EDWIN E., Creative Chemistry: Descriptive of Recent Achievements in the Chemical Industries. Century, N. Y., 1921. - Smitley, Popular Financial Delusions, 1933.

SLOTOSCH, WALTER, Das Geld, mit dem wir leben. Panorama der Weltinflation. München: Desch 1971. - Flamant. - Leben wir damit oder vegetieren wir nur mit diesem Geld des Gelddespotismus und sterben wir allzu oft und allzufrüh dadurch? - J.Z., 11.3.10. - Bis jetzt gibt es, glücklicherweise, noch keine einheitlich der ganzen Welt aufgezwungene Währung. Schon der Euro und zuvor das Englische Pfund und der US Dollar setzten ein schlechtes Beispiel dafür. Wenn etwas schon im kleineren Ausmass nicht gut aber eher schlecht „funktioniert“, warum sollte man dann einen solchen Fehler, ein solches Unrecht, weltweit für alle Menschen realisieren? Unter freier Wahl des Wertmasses und freiem Wettbewerb für Zahlungsmittel würden sich die besten Typen von ihnen fast überall auf der Welt verbreiten, so wie z.B. Kugelschreiber und digitale Armbanduhren, mobile, Radios, Telephone und Fernseher. Keine Territorialregierung sollte sich da einmischen. Das ist noch gefährlicher als die Regierungseinmischung in die Religionsfreiheit. Auch für Geld- und Finanztheorie und gesunde Praxis sind Politiker und Bureaukraten, ja, selbst die Richter der höchsten Gerichtshöfe, ganz unzuständig. Das haben sie genügend oft mit ihren „Gesetzen“, Institutionen und „Rechtsprechungen“ auf diesen Gebieten selbst bewiesen und beweisen sie es noch jetzt, täglich. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SMART, Dr. WILLIAM, An Introduction to the Theory of Value, on the Lines of Menger, Wieser, and Böhm-Bawerk. By. - MacMillan & Co, London, advertisement in 1898 book. An Introduction to the Theory of Value NY: McMillan, 1931 (1910, 1891) Related: Subjectivism, Micro, Books, William Smart

SMART, Dr. WILLIAM, Studies in Economics. 1895. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935.

SMILEY, JEROME C., History of Denver. Denver: THE DENVER TIMES, The Times Publishing Co., 1901. Very accurate account of Colorado mints by former editor of ROCKY MOUNTAIN NEWS. - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

SMITH, ADAM - [1723-1790]

SMITH, ADAM, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. (1776), ed. E. R. A. Seligman, reprinted London: Dent and New York: Dutton, 1911. - Dowd - Edited by R. H. Campbell, A. S. Skinner, and W. B. Todd Indianapolis: Liberty Classics. 1981. - L. H. White - New York: Modern Library, 1937. - www.reinventingmoney.com. - 1976, 1980, and x editions and translations otherwise. 1981, 313-17. - White, Competition & Currency. - Edited by J. E. T. Rogers, Oxford, 1880. ( edited by Edwin Cannan. London, 1904.) - A. S., in The Wealth of Nations is, generally, for free banking within the limits of full gold cover. However, he realized, at least in one largely ignored passage, the possibility of tax foundation, which could have led him to the generalized "readiness to accept foundation" but, alas, did not. - It is not exactly a monetary freedom work - in my books but very valuable, nevertheless. - J.Z., 17.2.10.

SMITH, ADAM, Auszug aus dem Hauptwerk über die Steuerfundation. Übersetzt von Max Stirner. 1p, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 620. Ein gewöhnlich übersehener Teil der Geldlehre von A. S. - Extract from Adam Smith on tax foundation. - J.Z.

SMITH, ADAM, Lectures on Jurisprudence. 1982. Ed. R. L. Meek, D. D. Raphael, and P. G. Stein. Indianapolis: Liberty Classics.

SMITH, ADAM, Supermoney. New York: Popular Library, 1975. - Antony C. Sutton, The War on Gold. - A. S. is here, obviously a pseudonym. - J.Z.

SMITH, ADAM, The Theory of Moral Sentiments. (1759) Reprinted by Liberty Classics. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System. (I wasn't aware that it containes anything on free banking! - J.Z.)

SMITH, ARTHUR A., Bank Note Detecting in the Era of State Banks. THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY HISTORICAL REVIEW, XXIX (December, 1942), 371-386. - Rockoff (1975).

SMITH, B. D., Private information, deposit interest rates, and the "stability" of the banking system. (1984) JOURNAL OF MONETARY ECONOMICS 14: 293-317. - Dowd

SMITH, BRUCE, The Relationship Between Money and Prices: Some Historical Evidence Reconsidered. 1988. QUARTERLY REVIEW, Summer, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, 18-32. - T. Cowen & R. Kroszner, Nov. 90.

SMITH, DAVID, Incomes Policy: Some Foreign Experiences and their Relevance for Canada. Ottawa: Queen's Printer for the Economic Council of Canada, 1966, p.123, Table 5-5. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

SMITH, E. PESHINE, A Manual of Political Economy. New York, 1853. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

SMITH, FRANCIS O. J., The Currency of New England and the Suffolk Bank System. HUNT'S MERCHANTS' MAGAZINE (1851), xxiv, 316-323, 439-447. Cf. discussion, HUNT'S MERCHANTS' MAGAZINE, xxiv, 577-582, 707-712. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

SMITH, GEORGE H., Nineteenth-Century Opponents of State Education. 1982. In Robert B. Everhart, ed., The Public School Monopoly. Cambridge, Mass., Ballinger. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain. - At least some years ago half of the expenses of the NSW government were for government-run or government-controlled or subsidized education. If the “education-industry” were privately or cooperatively run, its running costs could largely be covered by the issue of an “education service money”, issued by an association of the providers and acceptable in payment for all kinds of educational services. Indirectly, such issues could help many parents to pay for a better education for their children. It would lessen the unemployment rate and help to increase the purchasing power of employees or cooperators. Naturally, beyond this there should also be personal loan options, with stable value clauses, for education costs going beyond the means of some parents and the earnings opportunities of pupils and students. (However, these would be greatly increased under monetary freedom.) Student Loans, run as business enterprises, used to be the safest credits. Ideally, they could be run mainly as credit unions by academics and students. Under fully free enterprise for educational services, the hours and years spent in class-rooms could also be greatly reduced. See on this the experience with O’Neil’s school education system in his book “Summer Hill”. Also the still more radical system of Joseph Lancaster’s “monitor system”. He managed to reduce the time required for the teaching of the “3 R’s” to 3 weeks to three months - for children coming from slums, usually not the best educational environment, and this for an annual expense of then only 15 shillings, in the beginnings of the 19th. century. Later he improved his system, originally the Bell system, further, to fit the range of high school subjects. Most teachers, if they know of the system at all, do not like it, because it would make most of them superfluous. With it, a single teacher could, very effectively, teach or supervise the education, largely self-education, of 1000 pupils in one room, in quietness and under great self-discipline. Freedom has many more and better solutions than most people could so far imagine. - J.Z., 3.7.10.

SMITH, H., Marx and the Trade Cycle. 1937. REVIEW OF ECONOMIC STUDIES 4 (June): 192-204. - Frank Vorhies

SMITH, HENRY NASH, Virgin Land; the American West as Symbol and Myth. Vintage Books. New York, 1957. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960. - There were also a number of peaceful and agricultural Indian Tribes. Not only those of hunters, food gatherers and warriors. How many Red Indians were killed off, enslaved or driven off into desert or icy areas - by other Red Indians - before the “white” man arrived and conquered? Whatever autonomy the remaining Indian tribes still possess or could regain, with sympathy and support from many “whites”, should be mainly applied in the monetary and financial sphere. Then and thus they could become the teachers and liberators of the “Whites” and could greatly improve their own economic situation - at least those, who wanted to, instead or sticking to the traditional life in special reservations. - Negroes, Asians, Mexicans and South Americans in the USA should also consider their monetary, financial and panarchistic options, away from the territorially imposed systems, setting examples for genuine self-government and self-management with their communities of volunteers. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SMITH, IAN & JORDAN, JILL, letter. 4pp, on LETSystem, Maleny, Queensland, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 905.

SMITH, J. B., Effects of the Administration of the Bank of England, Reply to the Letter of Samuel Jones Loyd, Esq. 1840b. London, Pelham Richardson. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

SMITH, J. B., Report of the Directors to a Special General Meeting of the Chamber of Commerce and Manufactures at Manchester, on the Effects of the Administration of the Bank of England upon the Commercial and Manufacturing Interests of the Country. 1840a. London, Ridgway. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

SMITH, JAMES C., Money and Profit Sharing or The Double Standard Money System. 1908. - (Meulen books, Goldsmith Collection) (James Carmichael Smith, 1852-1916.)

SMITH, JAS C., Legal Tender Essays. London, Kegan Paul, 1910. - (Meulen books, Goldsmith Collection)

SMITH, JAS C., The Normal Rate of Interest and Rent or The Margin of Investment. London, 1915, 14pp & charts. - (Meulen books, Goldsmith Collection)

SMITH, JAS C., The Standardization of Money Values. 1915, 16pp. - (Meulen Books, Goldsmith Collection)

SMITH, JAS C., The Trust and The Gold Trust. London, 1907. - (Meulen books, Goldsmith Collection)

SMITH, JEROME F., Silver Profits in the Seventies. (1971) ERC Publishing Company.

SMITH, JEROME F., The Coming Currency Collapse and what you can do about it. Books in Focus, New York , 1980, 1981, with index & bibliography 205pp. Also published by Bantam Books. - JZL. 1p review only, by Joe Cobb, in REASON, March 1981, in PEACE PLANS 913. - We rather need titles like: The coming monetary and financial rights and liberties and what you can do about speeding up their realization. - J.Z., 2.6.10. -

SMITH, JEROME F., The Reinstitution of Money. ERC Publishing Co.,1978, 62pp. - Mentioned in another 1980 ERC publication. - Presents an analysis of the origin and nature of money, and introduces Mr. Smith's Ownership Theory of Money. The author demonstrates why past attempts to introduce a new money unit have failed and derives, from his theory, a radically new money unit. Card cover. - One of the few monetary works in which Gresham's Law is seen correctly but he identifies a standard certificate of capital ownership with money and does not seem to understand other (especially clearing forms) properly. But then I have not yet fully read his essay. Otherwise, he is one of the best free market advocates. Alas, he is very possessive about copyrights. I wish all his writings were available cheaply, on microfiche, online or on disc. - J.Z. - 75pp, in PEACE PLANS 804. - A more desirable title from my point of view might be: The reinstitution of optional, market-rated and competitive exchange media, value standards and the full development of all clearing options. In short: A handbook on monetary freedom, supplemented by one on all financial freedom, options, including voluntary taxation with tax foundation money or contribution-based money, either in A to Z form, like my beginnings of it or in form of a data bank, like the one that Klaus Falke is preparing, or in both formats, peacefully competing with and supplementing each other. - J.Z., 2.6.10. Compare also: www.reinventingmoney.com

SMITH, JEROME F., Understanding Runaway Inflation. An Investor’s Guide to Inflation Hedges. 1973, 1980 ed., A WORLD MARKET PERSPECTIVE SPECIAL REPORT 6, E R C Publishing Co., West Vancouver, Canada, first edition 1979, 88 pp with 2pp list of other E R C Publications. - JZL.

SMITH, JOHN FAIRFULL, Proposed Alterations in the System of Joint Stock Banking; with a Defence of the Small Note Currency of Scotland. 1839, Edinburgh, Bell & Bradfute. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

SMITH, LAWRENCE B., Canada's Incomes Policy: An Economic Assessment. CANADIAN TAX JOURNAL, Vol. 24, January-February 1976, pp. 67-73. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

SMITH, MATTHEW, Sunshine and Shadow in New York. Hartford, 1893. - Sobel, The Curbstone Brokers. - “S. & S. i. N.Y.”? Another title that is just a riddle regarding the contents of the book. - J.Z., 19.3.10.

SMITH, NORMAN WALTER, History of Commercial Banking. New Hampshire 1792-1843." Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin, 1967. - Klebaner

SMITH, PAUL F., Consumer Credit Costs, 1949-59. National Bureau of Economic Research, STUDIES IN CONSUMER INSTALMENT FINANCING No. 11. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1964. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking. - Would it become much rarer and more cheap under full monetary freedom, which would mean an increase ability to pay for most? - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SMITH, PHILIP H., Wheels Within Wheels. 2nd ed., rev., New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1970. - Woodford, Detroit & its Banks.

SMITH, R. MURRAY, Paper Money. MELBOURNE REVIEW, Vol. III, 1878, pp.418-25. - GOLLIN, The Commonwealth Bank of A.

SMITH, RICHARD B., The. Stock Certificate Revisited. TRUSTS AND ESTATES MAGAZINE, Vol. 110, No. 4, p.290, April 1971. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972.

SMITH, THOMAS, An Essay on the Theory of Money and Exchange. 1811. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935.

SMITH, THOMAS, Reply to Ricardo's Proposals for an Economical and Secure Currency. 1816. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935.

SMITH, VERA CONSTANCE, The Rationale of Central Banking. 1936. London: P. S. King & Son, 185pp, indexed & with bibliography, Westminster, England, - White, Competition & Currency. Later published as: The Rationale of Central Banking and the Free Banking Alternative, Preface by Leland B. Yeager, Liberty Press, Indianapolis, 1960, indexed, with bibliography, 216pp. - JZL. Also published by CMRE MONOGRAPHS, as their No. 34 & in PEACE PLANS No. 542. - Reprinted., with preface by Leland B. Yeager, Indianapolis, Liberty Press, 1990. - Nataf - “Asks what are the relative merits of a centralized monopolistic banking system versus a system of competitive banks.” - (She was a student of Hayek. - Compare Beckerath to Rittershausen, 24.8.50, Ri to B, 31.8.50 & 22.8.50.) - By now it is, probably, already online somewhere. However, I do not have the time and energy left to check out all these titles myself. Free banking advocates should cooperate to exchange, check and combine their information, as part of the freedom to exchange that they do strive for. - J.Z., 9.2.10.

SMITH, W. MILLAR, The Marketing of Australian and New Zealand Primary Products. London, 1936. - GOLLIN, The Commonwealth Bank of A. - This kind of “marketing” means, usually, the opposite of allowing free markets. - With Prof. Edgard Milhaud’s international clearing certificates, used by Australian importers to pay for imports to Australia, the marketing job would be done automatically by these certificates in the hands of merchants of other countries. The significant advantage of this payment method would be that we would appear in other countries first as “financial” buyers, with our clearing certificates, redeemable, at their face value, e.g. in Australian wool, cotton, wheat, coals etc. - Marketing boards would soon be seen as altogether superfluous. Capital, in the conventional sense, as savings, would not be required, either, for such import and export payments. - Alas, Milhaud’s writings, once widely published in several languages, are almost totally forgotten today, overlooked in the swamp of “modern” writings on “economics”, which Dr. H. G. Pearce often called “neo-comics”. - J.Z., 20.3.10.

SMITH, WALTER BUCKINGHAM & COLE, ARTHUR HARRISON, Fluctuations in American Business, 1790-1860. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1935, 1935. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960. - How many such fluctuations would occur under full monetary and financial freedom, as opposed to the conditions of monetary and financial despotism? - I would expect rather few, if any. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SMITH, WALTER BUCKINGHAM, Economic Aspects of the Second Bank of the United States. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press,1953. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960. - Klebaner

SMITH, WARD D. & MATRAVERS, BRIAN, Chinese Banknotes. Menlo Park 1970. - Albert Pick

SMITH, WILLIAM E., The Francis Preston Blair Family in Politics. Vol. 1. New York, 1933. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960. Families play a significant role in some business enterprises. But should they play any role at all in territorial politics and its anti-economics? - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SMITHIES, ARTHUR, Keynes Revisited. QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, August 1972, vol. LXXXVI. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies. - Why bother? “Thou shalt recognize them by their fruits!” - J.Z.

SMITLEY, ROBERT L., Popular Financial Delusions. 1933, with bibliography & index, 338pp. - From my point of view the author’s own delusions are numerous, too, within his criticism. - J.Z. - JZL.

SMYTHE, A. H., Writings of Benjamin Franklin. (Editor) New York, 1905. - Carothers, Fractional Money.

SNELLING, T., A View of the Copper Coin and Coinage of England. London, 1762, 1763, 1766. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

SNOWDEN, J. R., Ancient and Modern Coins. Philadelphia, 1860. - Carothers, Fractional Money.

SNYDER, CHARLES MCCOOL, The Jacksonian Heritage: Pennsylvania Politics, 1833-1848. Harrisburg, Pa., 1958. - Sharp, James Roger: The Jacksonians versus the Banks.

SNYDER, LESLIE, Gold and Black Gold. New York: Exposition Press, 1974. - Antony C. Sutton, The War on Gold.

SNYDER, LESLIE, Justice or Revolution, America's Choice in the 1980's. Books in Focus, N.Y., 1979, with bibliography, 194 pp. It favors free banking in its chapter XV: Money, Debt, Legal Tender, Central Banking. - JZL.

SNYDER, LESLIE, Why Gold? The One Sure Cure for Inflation and Economic Tyranny. Exposition Press, N.Y., 1974, with 1p bibliography, 149pp. - “She is well known for her expertise in finance and economics, having devoted the past fifteen years to the business and investment world. Working in the financial area she came to appreciate the pre-requisite of justice, for the achievement of most other values.” - Statement in: Leslie Snyder, Justice or Revolution. - I found it good in many respects and object only to her notions on capital and reserves of banks, on page 136. - JZ. - JZL.

SOBEL, ROBERT, Panic on Wall Street: A History of America's Financial Disasters. New York: Macmillan, 1968. - Woodford, Detroit & its Banks.

SOBEL, ROBERT, The Big Board. - Sobel, The Curbstone Brokers.

SOBEL, ROBERT, The Curbstone Brokers. The Origins of the American Stock Exchange. The Macmillan Co., Collier-Macmillan Ltd., London, 1970, indexed, 296pp. With an essay on sources and methodology, pp, 205-212. - Origin? That assumes identity of the kind of organization, rather than the statist monopolization and legalized regulation of this business and free market institution that did occur. The American as well as any other national Stock Exchange was and is rather the opposite of such free exchange institutions. - J.Z., 18.3.10. - JZL. - The current Australian government however, although a Labor one, intends to finally introduce some competition in this sphere. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SOBEL, ROBERT, The Great Bull Market: Wall Street in the 1920s. - Remini.

SOBELOFF, SIMON E., Reports on the Baltimore Trust Company." Submitted to Judge Eugene O'Dunne of Circuit Court No. 2 of Baltimore City, Volume I, December 31, 1935 with supplementary report, January 22, 1936; Volume II, May 25, 1936. MS. - Charles A. Hales, The Baltimore Clearing House.

SOBRAN, JOSEPH, Taxation through the Ages. December 2003. - http://www.sobran.com/articles/taxationages.shtml - Why has mankind, even in supposedly free countries, put up for so long with this form of tributes? - The voluntary taxation or voluntary contribution alternative for communities of volunteers, all exterritorially autonomous, has certainly not yet been sufficiently publicizled, so that the old kind of territorial centralism, monopolism, coercion, and collectivism has gone on and on, for all too many centuries, with all too little thorough criticism of it - and with the usual disastrous, impoverishing and murderous results. - It is high time to finally spread enough enlightenment in these spheres. - Presently, we still “dance at the edge of a volcano” or, worse, risk even nuclear war, which might mean the final because general holocaust, with the ordinary voter having no say at all on this subject, either and not being free to secede from those preparing, organizing, financing and finally deciding upon mass murder, with ABC devices, with only a few leaders surviving for a while in the safest and well-stocked bunkers. - My handbook, in A to Z form, against nuclear war, is online at www.butterbach.net/epinfo/abc.htm - but is still close to a record-non-seller and unread book, although offered free online. - Our survival instinct is, apparently, far from being strong enough against these kinds of dangers, established and maintained by territorial governments. - J.Z., 2.6.10. - I see it as a very positive sign of the times that in my Google search for “voluntary taxation” on 8.7.10 more than three million hints were pointed out to me. I downloaded only the first page of them. Perhaps the first sound tax strike, as a step towards voluntary taxation, is no longer far away. - J.Z., 16.7.10.

SOCIAL CREDIT CRITICISM, MARTINEZ, GABRIEL The unfeasibility ... An article & links to 15 further such articles by others. 14 Kbs., HTML, C-Drive, file: Social Credit Criticism Martinez. www.theuniversityconcourse.com/VIII,2,1-13-2003/toc.htm

SOCIAL CREDIT THEORIES, see e.g. LOGAN, JOHN, TAYLOR, DAVID. - I still have not seen a comprehensive bibliography that points out all the cricism of the flaws in “social credit” notions. - Who will compile it? - Who will put all these texts online or onto a disc or point out their existing URLs? - Naturally, the Social Credit people, among themselves, at their own risk and expense, should be quite free to practise their ideas. - J.Z., 16.7.10.

SOCIETY OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, Letters of Lucius Lyon. PIONEER COLLECTIONS 27 (1897): 412-604. - SHADE, G. W. (1972)

SODA, KISCHIRO, Die neue Knappsche Geldtheorie und das Wesen des Geldes. JAHRBÜCHER FÜR NATIONAL-ÖKONOMIE UND STATISTIK, dritte Folge, Bd. XXXIV, 1907, S.336-355 und S. 620-655. - Knapp. - Die meisten Schreiber und Sprecher haben darüber sehr viel geschwafelt aber die Natur des Geldes und alle seine Möglichkeiten immer noch verkannt. - J.Z., 9.3.10.

SODEN, JULIUS GRAFEN von, 1815. Die National-Ökonomie. [The National Economy.]. Vols. I, II. Vienna: Ben B. Ph. Bauer. - T. Cowen & R. Kroszner, Nov. 90.

SODA, KISCHIRO, Geld und Wert: eine logische Studie. [Money and Value: A Logical Study.]. 1909. Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr. 176 S. - T. Cowen & R. Kroszner, Nov. 90. - Knapp.

SODDY, Prof. FREDERICK, Money vs. Man. London, 1931, by Elkin Matthews and Marrott, Ltd.. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935. - Groseclose, Money & Man. - Rather: “The” “money” of monetary despotism and of “The Man”, i.e. that of central banking and of territorial governments, versus the money of monetary freedom and men, as more of less free members of communities of volunteers, freely chosen by individuals for themselves, as sovereign consumers and contractors in these sphere as well. When enemies are not clearly seen, one cannot defend oneself against them. When actual and potential allies are not clearly seen and treated as such then one might even come to false conclusions, like e.g. the abolition of money, seeing an enemy in money, rather than merely in monetary despotism. Or, in wars, oone will bomb civilians and other potential or secret allies - although nowhere do they have their individual free say on war, peace, armament and disarmament, war and peace aims, military organizations and strategies or war financing. They are simply treated as slaves of militant territorial governments, exploited and sacrificed as workers and soldiers, always, naturally, under the pretence of “public interest” and “necessity”. - J.Z., 6.5.10.

SODDY, Prof. FREDERICK, The Inversion of Science. - G. D. H. Cole. (Cole classed him merely as a heretic, not as a crank.)

SODDY, Prof. FREDERICK, The Role of Money: What it Should Be, Contrasted with what it Has Become. 1934, London, George Routledge and Sons, Ltd. - New York: Harcourt, 1935. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935. - Cowen & Kroszner. - www.reinventingmoney.com - Money should not be blamed for the role that monetary despotism plays. - J.Z., 30.3.10. - That is like blaming the market, laissez-faire, free enterprise, free trade and capitalism for the results of numerous wrongful and irrational as well as coervice but legalized interventions with them. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SODDY, Prof. FREDERICK, Wealth, Virtual Wealth, and Debt. London, 1926. George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935. - Wealth, Virtual Wealth, and Debt: The Solution of the Economic Paradox. Hawthorne, California: Omni Publications, 1961 (reprint of the second edition, 1933). - www.reinventingmoney.com - I will not accept his classification as a monetary freedom author on faith. (Based on the fact that Thomas Greco himself is a monetary freedom advocate. ) I would like to see some evidence that he was more than the usual and despotic “money reformer”. - J.Z., 17.2.10.

SODEN, JULIUS GRAFEN von, Die National-Ökonomie. [The National Economy.]. 1815. Vols. I, II. Vienna: Ben B. Ph. Bauer. - T. Cowen & R. Kroszner, Nov. 90.

SOETBEER, ADOLPH, Bimetallism in Europe. Translated by F. W. Taussig. Senate Ex. Doc., No.34, 50th Cong., 1st Sess. Washington, 1887.

SOETBEER, ADOLPH, Denkschrift betr. die Einführung der Goldwährung in Deutschland. Hamburg 1856. - Diehl & Mombert, Vom Gelde. - Unter der Herrschaft des monetären Menschenrechtes: Freiheit in der Wahl des Wertmasses, brauchte sie nirgendwo “eingeführt” zu werden. - J.Z., 25.3.10.

SOETBEER, ADOLPH, Edelmetall-Produktion und Werthverhältniss zwischen Gold und Silber seit der Entdeckung Amerika's bis zur Gegenwart. Mit drei Tafeln graphischer Darstellungen. Gotha, 1879. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

SOETBEER, ADOLPH, Graphische Darstellungen inbezug auf die Silberfrage, Mit 8 Tafeln. Verlag von PUTTKAMMER & MÜHLBRECHT, Berlin. - Fritz Schumann, Die Privatnotenbanken, 1909.

SOETBEER, ADOLPH, Literaturnachweis über Geld- und Münzwesen, insbesondere über den Währungsstreit, 1871-1891. Berlin 1892. - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen. - Max Franzke, Untergang der Welt-Goldwährung? 1931.

SOETBEER, ADOLPH, Materialien zur Erläuterung und Beurteilung der wirtschaftlichen Edelmetallverhältnisse und der Währungsfrage. Herausgeber, 2. vervollständigte Auflage, Verlag von PUTTKAMMER & MÜHLBRECHT, Berlin. - Fritz Schumann, Die Privatnotenbanken, 1909.

SOHMEN, E., Flexible Exchange Rates. Theory and Controversy. Chicago, 1961. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

SOLLY, EDWARD, Considerations on Political Economy. 1812. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935.

SOLLY, EDWARD, On Free Trade in Relation to the Present Distress. 1830. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935.

SOLLY, EDWARD, The Present Distress in Relation to the Theory of Money. 1830. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935.

SOLNEMAN, K. H. Z., Das Manifest der Freiheit und des Friedens. 1977, 305pp, PEACE PLANS 188. - (K. H. Z. Solneman was a pseudonym that my father, Kurt Helmut Zube had used for a long time. - J.Z.) - Also published in an English translation, both in the PEACE PLANS series. - JZL. - See: ZUBE, KURT H. - Das Manifest der Freiheit und des Friedens, der Gegenpol zum Kommunistischen Manifest, 354 S., 1977, in LERNZIEL ANARCHIE, Nr. 9-14, in PEACE PLANS 824 & 825. ( Dieses Buch wurde in der Buchausgabe bereits in PEACE PLANS 188 verfilmt. Nr. 15 von LERNZIEL ANARCHIE, in PEACE PLANS 825, enthaelt Diskussionsbeiträge zu diesem Buch, von Stefan Blankertz, Kurt Zube u. Uwe Timm. Es war der Winner des jährlichen Friedenspreises der Alternativen Presse. - Both the German and English editions are offered by me digitized. The English version is presently online again: - See also under ZUBE, KURT H. - www.butterbach.net/epinfo/The_Manifesto.htm

SOLNEMAN, K.H.Z., Der multilaterale Ringtausch in bargeldloser Verrechnung. 2 S., in PEACE PLANS 906.

SOLNEMAN, K.H.Z., The Manifesto of Peace and Freedom. 1983, 240pp, Mackay Society, N.Y., PEACE PLANS 64/65. This PEACE PLANS edition brings only the manuscript version of the translation - but with a number of annotations by John Zube, which K.Zube saw fit to eliminate from the printed version. The printed book was reviewed e.g. in GREEN REVOLUTION, Winter 1983. Reviewed e.g. in GREEN REVOLUTION, Winter 1983.

SOLNEMAN, K.H.Z., Zu: Robert Lux: Anarchismus - Erstarrung oder Entwicklung? (ZEITGEIST Nr. 23), 1 S., Flugblatt, in PEACE PLANS 906.

SOLOMON, LEWIS, Rethinking Our Centralized Monetary System: the Case for Local Currency. Praeger, 1996. - www.reinventingmoney.com

SOLOW, ROBERT M., Economic History and Economics. 1985. AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS, 75: 328-31. - Paul Davidson, The Economics of Ignorance or Ignorance of Economics.

SOLVAY, E., Gesellschaftlicher Comptabilimus. Brüssel, 1897, S. 18. (Über gesamtwirtschaftliches Verrechnungssystem ohne Bargeld, lt. Gottschalk, Tempeltausch.)

SOLYOM, R. L., Sound Dollar Committee. Leaflet, 2 pages, July 88, in PEACE PLANS 791.

SOMARY, FELIX, Bankpolitik. Tübingen 1915. - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen. - 3.Aufl., Tübingen, 1934. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

SOMBART, WERNER, Die Volkswirtschaft im 19. Jahrhundert. Berlin, 1909. - Jacob Kautsch, Handbuch des Bank- und des Börsenwesens, 3 Auflage, 1912.

SOMER, JAMES, The Guide Book of Canadian Coins, Paper Currency and Tokens, 1670-1970. 11th. edition, Winnipeg 1970. - Albert Pick

SOMERS, ROBERT, The Scotch Banks and System of Issue, including translation of "Les Banques D'Ecosse." by L. Wolowski. 244pp, 1873, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 667.

SOMERS, ROBERT, The Scotch Banks and System of Issues. 1873. Edinburgh, Adam and Charles Black. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain. - This is a title that I had microfiched, together with a translation of L. Wolowski's "Les Banques D'Escosse", from an 1873, 244 pages edition, in PEACE PLANS 667. A friend, T. M., digitized that edition and sent it to me on disk. But there it comes, even Winzipped, to 20.5 Mbs.!! Maybe he had saved the pages as mere images and thus required as much memory. Economically, in this form, I could only pass it on as part of a collection of books on a CD. Apparently, its conversion via OCR remains to be done, to sufficiently reduce the size of the file.

SOMERVILLE, H., Marx's Theory of Money. 1933. ECONOMIC JOURNAL 43 (June): 334-7. - Frank Vorhies

SONNEMANN, T., Das Gold in der Kriegswirtschaft. Berlin, 1944. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank. - Diese Zwänge haben Nichts mit wirklicher Wirtschaft zu tun, ebensowenig wie z.B. Plünderungen, Beschlagnahmungen und Verstaatlichungen, Preiskontrollen, Rationierung, Zwangssteuern, metallische Einlösung (als, angeblich, i.e. einzig richtige, ehrliche, und rationelle Geldausgabemöeglichkeit, wie z.B. M. N. Rothbard meinte. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SOROS, GEORGE, The Crisis of Capitalism. ATLANTIC MONTHLY, February 1997. - www.reinventingmoney.com - From my point of view, it is the enemies of genuine free market or laissez-faire or anarcho-capitalism that are almost permanently in crisis. They do not even notice that most of the faults they do ascribe to capitalism are really due to wrongful and irrational governmental interferences with it! Thus they call for even more State interventions - and consider themselves to be pure idealists! - J.Z., 17.2.10. - The wrong diagnosis leads leads inevitably to more quackery “cures”, like “bail-outs” and “stimulus spending”. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

SOTO, JESÚS HUERTA de, A Critical Note on Fractional-Reserve Free Banking. - Vol. 1 Num. 4 - Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics - Online at the Mises Institute.

SOTO, JESUS HUERTA de, Money, Bank Credit, and Economic Cycles. Annapolis, Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2006. 2nd. Edition, Mises Institute, Auburn, 2009. - Online at the Mises Institute. Double entry again! Who at the M.I. is so overworked or careless? Anyhow, there are at least 150 other crisis theories. I would to see all of them on record and properly compared and evaluated. I doubt that the one by Mises would come out on top. - J.Z., 19.2.10. - Let us have such a competition, either at the Mises Institute or elsewhere! - Money, Bank Credit, and Economic Cycles - - Related: Welfare, Money/Banking, Cycles, post-1925 Econ., Prices/Cycles, Money, Monetary Policy, Law & Econ., Basic Law, Books, Jesus Huerta de Soto (07) - The Mises Institute should have offered its long list of digitized libertarian titles in a single and alphabetized file. Then downloading and searching it would be easy and multiple entries would have been avoided. But why make things easy when one can also make them hard? - J.Z., 22.2.10. - However, I do appreciate very much of its output, even while I disagree with it on some points. - J.Z., 16.7.10.

SOTO, JESUS HUERTA de, New Light on the Prehistory of the Theory of Banking and the School of Salamanca. - "New Light on the Prehistory of the Theory of Banking and the School of Salamanca" - Jesus Huerta de Soto - Vol. 9 Num. 2 - Review of Austrian Economics -Related: Money/Banking, Money, Monetary Policy, Cycle History - Online at the Mises Institute.

SOUND CURRENCY, 7 vols. N. Y., 1895-1902. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S.

SOUND CURRENCY, Literature list of the1895 edition, 5pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.764. - Just one of the many literature lists that I have not yet included here. I am no Atlas and quite willing to leave it to others to finish the job! - J.Z., 28.2.10.

SOUND CURRENCY, South Carolina's First Paper Money. in, Vol.5. of SOUND CURRENCY. - Carothers, Fractional Money.

SOUND CURRENCY, Var. contributors, also in the 1896 edition, esp. John DeWitt Warner’s essay The Currency Famine of 1893, which had already appeared in the 1895 volume. 24x, PEACE PLANS 350-354. - One of the many essays that COULD have changed history but which remained, largely, ignored, out of print and inaccessible. Excellent photocopies of more volumes of this series are wanted by LMP. I possess only the 1895 & 1896 volumes and the $ 50 rollfilm edition, by Brookhaven Press, of most of the rest (with only June 1891 missing over all the years of its appearance), in a weak reproduction of very small print, often rather in gray than black originals. The governmental inflationists produce much better prints of their “master-pieces”. Some photocopiers do produce more legible copies than the originals provide. They ought to be applied here - by people lucky enough to have access to the originals. Ulrich von Beckerath tried, for decades, in vain, to get such access. - Only the proprietor of the rollfilm edition could legally reformat the roll film issue. A firm to do this automatically and cheaply exists now in the Netherlands. Jacketing is no help, since, because of the size of the roll film frames, ca. 70 fiche would be required, instead of 10-20 at most. - J.Z.) - Who will OCR-scan in the lot? - It is a job too large for individuals by a team could do it easily, in sufficient division of labor. - J.Z., 16.7.10.

SOUND DOLLAR COMMITTEE of DICK SOLYOM, 1.) News Release of April 85, 1p., - - 2. ) Letter by R. L. Solyom. 17 Dec. 86, on Vieira's comments to Sennholz: Money & Freedom, 1p., 48x, in PEACE PLANS 740, - - 3.) Some 1987 leaflets on R. Solyom's case. 6pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 735. - - Leaflet by R.L. Solyom, July 88, 2pp, in PEACE PLANS 791.

SOUTH CAROLINA GENERAL ASSEMBLY, Report of Special Committee on Bill to Define the Principles on which Joint Stock Banks Shall Be Incorporated. Columbia, South Carolina, 1849. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860. - All such assemblies should mind their own business. But do they have any? - J.Z., 27.3.10.

SOUTH CAROLINA, GENERAL ASSEMBLY, Report of the Special Committee (John Cunningham, Chairman) on Limiting the Denominations of Bank Notes. Charleston, South Carolina, 1850. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

SOUTH, J. G., Credit Cards: A Primer." THE BUSINESS LAWYER; Section of Corporation, Banking and Business Law of The American Bar Association, Vol. 23, p. 327, January 1967. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972.

SOUTHERN CROSS CAPITAL EXCHANGE, BULLETIN No. 2, July 1984, 16pp. - Something like a credit union between education reformers. - 29x, in PEACE PLANS 743.

SOUTHEY, ROBERT, History of Brazil. London, 1810. 3vols. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

SOUTHEY, THOMAS, Chronological History of the West Indies. (by Thomas Southey, R.N.) London, 1827. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

SOWELL, THOMAS, Knowledge and Decisions. 1980. New York: Basic Books. - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

SOWELL, THOMAS, Marxism: Philosophy and Economics. 1985. New York: William Morrow. - Frank Vorhies

SOWELL, THOMAS, Say’s Law. An Historical Analysis. Princeton University Press, 1972, with bibliography and index 247pp. - Say’s Law, the idea that “supply creates its own demand”, does, naturally, only apply under complete free market conditions, which implies, primarily, freedom to clear and freedom for optional and market rated note issues, clearing-house certificates and other competing alternative means of payment, under sound value reckoning, also subject to individual choices. Say did probably presume the existence of monetary freedom. I am not certain that Thomas Sowell did, in this book. The ready-for sale supply of the potential labor of millions of unemployed, without these liberties, does, certainly, not produce, automatically, a corresponding supply of purchasing power or means of payment, to integrate them into a sound production process for a free market. Nor does a glut in the market for consumer goods and services automatically create a monetary demand for them, unless the providers are free to issue corresponding paper monies, based on their readiness to supply wanted consumer goods and service for them and to make short-term loans to employers, for wage and salary payments, with such exchange and clearing media of their own. Under any forced and exclusive currency Say’s Law does not operate well and fast enough, although thinkers like Murray N. Rothbard seemed to have assumed that it would, simply by all prices, fees, wages, salaries, rents and other debts due, becoming automatically, fast enough and correspondingly reduced to whenever the money supply of such monopoly media becomes temporarily, suddenly and sharply reduced, e.g. through hoarding, in times of wars and revolutions. The index contains nothing on deflation, legal tender, money-issue monopoly, free banking, clearing houses, emergency money issues. Thus I was never tempted to read this book fully but merely glanced at some pages, occasionally. Except under sufficient free banking competition and knowledge of its sound technique, money does not simply appear, automatically, whenever and wherever needed, in the right quantities. Nor does sufficient clearing always happen automatically. - Say was, probably, aware of this - but was or is Thomas Sowell? - His bibliography does not contain a single obvious monetary freedom or free banking title! - J.Z., 3.4.10. - JZL.

SOWELL, THOMAS, The General Glut Controversy Reconsidered. Oxford Economic Papers, November 1963, pp.193-203. - “Despite its ambitious title, this article focuses on the Ricardo-Malthus dialogue on general gluts.” - Thomas Sowell, Say’s Law.

SOWERS, DON C., The Financial History of New York State from 1789 to 1912. COLUMBIA STUDIES IN HISTORY, ECONOMICS AND PUBLIC LAW, Vol. LVII, No. 2. New York, 1914. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960. - McGrane, The Panic of 1837.

SOYEDA, JUICHI, Banking and Money in Japan. 1896. In: A HISTORY OF BANKING IN ALL THE LEADING NATIONS, v.4, pp 409-544, N.Y., JOURNAL OF COMMERCE AND COMMERCIAL BULLETIN. - Schuler

SOZIALE DREIGLIEDERUNG, RUNDBRIEF Nr. 1, May 1949, with articles by Rudolf Steiner et al, 48 S. Sozialwissenschaftliche Vereinigung in der Antroposophischen [sic!]Gesellschaft. - JZL.

SPAHR, WALTER E., MONETARY NOTES". ed. - From....? to ....? - He welcomed monetary freedom only to the extent of the classical gold standard system. Too many goldbugs still have a similarly closed mind on this issue. - J.Z.

SPAHR, WALTER E., Our Irredeemable Currency System, MONETARY TRACT, Number 15. Connecticut: Committee for Monetary Research and Education, Inc., June, 1976. - Antony C. Sutton, The War on Gold.  - How many of us spend much of our lives in defence of a flawed idea, like he did? - J.Z., 2.3.10. - Even our present paper money is “redeemable”, in wanted consumer goods and services, also in tax-payment receipts, but, due to its almost constantly depreciated value, made possible by its monopoly combined with legal tender power, in less and less of goods and services, at increasing prices, expressed in paper “value standards”, while other taxes rise, in addition to this kind of “inflation tax”. - Is anything more abused by us than our language? - J.Z., 6.5.10.

SPAHR, WALTER E., Problems Caused by Misconceptions of the Meaning of Legal Tender, Lawful Money, and Money Receivable for Specified Purposes. Pages 33-40, chapter V, in “Money and the Law, N.Y., 1945. - JZL, photocopy only. Publisher, and author of the book not noted. It may be by Spahr himself. - J.Z., 11.6.10.

SPAHR, WALTER E., The Case for the Gold Standard. The Economists' National Committee on Monetary Policy, New York, 1940. - Edwin W. Kemmerer, Gold and the Gold Standard. - As far as I know, he, too, made no case for establishing it as a forced and exclusive value standard. He merely declared his preferences, dogmatically. - J.Z., 14.4.10.

SPAHR, WALTER EARL, The Clearing and Collection of Checks. New York, 1926. - Charles A. Hales, The Baltimore Clearing House. - Since he was aware of the clearing options - why did he insist on metallic redemptionism? - J.Z., 10.5.10.

SPALDING, H. F., Foreign Exchange and Foreign Bills. - Silverman, H. A., The Substance of Economics.

SPALDING, H. F., The London Money Market. - Sykes, Ernest, Banking and Currency, 9th ed., 1947.

SPANN, Prof. Dr. OTHMAR, Hauptpunkte der universalistisdien Wert- und Preislehre. - In: Mises & Spoiethoff, Probleme der Wertlehre.

SPANN, Prof. Dr. OTHMAR, History of Economics. W. W. Norton Co., N. Y., 1930. - Smitley, Popular Financial Delusions, 1933.

SPANN, Prof. Dr. OTHMAR, Universalistische Volkswirtschaftslehre. - Hückel, 1982.

SPARKASSE BREGENZ, Goldsparpläne. 1986, 16pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 738.

SPARKS, EARL SYLVESTER. & CARVER, THOMAS N., History and Theory of Agricultural Credit in the United States. New York: Crowell, 1932. - Klebaner

SPARKS, JARED, The Life of Gouverneur Morris, with Selections from his Correspondence and Miscellaneous Papers. Boston, 1832. - Sumner, The Financier & the Finances of the Am. Rev. - Carothers, Fractional Money. - “Life and Writings of Gouverneur Morris.“, Boston, 1832. - Carothers

SPARKS, JOHN A., The Legal Standing of Gold: Contract vs. Status. - Sennholz, Gold Is Money.

SPASSKII, I.G., Russkaia Monetnaia Sistema. Aurora Press, Leningrad, 1970, well illustrated Russian monetary history. - Weber, Charles E.

SPAULDING, E. G., History of the Legal Tender Paper Money issued during the Great Rebellion, being a Loan without Interest and a National Currency. 2d ed., Buffalo, 1869. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S. - A forced “loan” and not on a stable value basis, either. - J.Z., 15.3.10. - A great bias is already expressed in the title. As if every secession were a rebellion against legitimate power, rather than, a least to some extent, a freedom struggle. - However, if the “freedom fighters just want to establish another territorial regime then this is hardly worth the bloodshed, destruction and financial and other sacrifices involved. - J.Z., 8.3.10. - White, Horace, (1895ff.) . - Mentioned by Bullock. Wanted by LMP.

SPAUN, WILHELM A. von, Der Spaun’sche Wirtschaftsplan. Radikal-Reform der Volkswirtschaft. Im Selbstverlag, Wilhelm Spaun, Wien, undatiert, 16 S., mit handschriftlich beigefügtem neuen Vorwort. Während er auf der letzten Seite für Goldklauseln, z.B. in Versicherungsverträgen spricht, nach eigner bitterer Erfahrung, is sein Schlagwort, im neuen handschriftlichen Vorwort: „Tod dem Gold als Geld!“ - Das würde noch Sinn haben wenn er damit meinte das Gold als ausschliessliches und zwangsweises Zahlungsmittel. Aus meiner Sammlung von Schriften mehr oder weniger verdrehter „Geldreformer“. - JZL.

SPEARMAN, DIANA, The Sterling Area. London, 1953. - Paul Einzig, How Money Is Managed. The Ends & Means of Monetary Policy.

SPECIAL COMMITTEE OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, The Currency. Report by this committee, 1906.

SPECTATOR, THE, Review of Hake & Wesslau: The Coming Individualism. July 11, 1896, 1p, in PEACE PLANS 787.

SPEIDELL, EUCLID, Tables of Foreign Money. London, 1686. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

SPELLING, T. C., A Treatise on Trusts and Monopolies. Boston, 1893. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S.

SPENCE, C. C. & or SHADE, W. G., Banks or No Banks - Money Issue in Western Politics, 1832-1865. Am. His. Rev., 80(1), 1986? 1886?

SPENCER, HERBERT, Essays, Scientific, Political, and Speculative. New York: D. Appleton, 1891. - SMITH, VERA C.

SPENCER, HERBERT, Social Statics, 1850, 1981, pp.434, 436 (PEACE PLANS 184), chapter: Currency, Postal Arrangements, etc. (Quoted in INNOVATOR, January 1967, 10pp, reproduced in PEACE PLANS 804. - J.Z.) - Social Statics: Or, the Conditions Essential to Human Happiness Specified, and the First of Them Developed. New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1882, 1896. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

SPENCER, HERBERT, State Tampering with Money and Banks, 1865, 1891, 1958, 32pp, in Essays, Moral, Political, and Aesthetic. New York, D. Appleton. - Refers to the Scottish example but does not realize the possibilities of monetary freedom without metallic redemption obligation for the note-issuers. - J.Z. - In PEACE PLANS 201 & 804.

SPENCER, HERBERT, The Man Versus The State. Introduction by Albert Jay Nock, Caldwell, Idaho: The Caxton Printers, Ltd., 1969. - Leslie Snyder, Justice or Revolution.

SPENCER, MILTON H. & SIEGELMAN, LOUIS, Managerial Economics: Decision Making and Forward Planning. rev. ed., Homewood: Irwin, 1964. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking.

SPENGLER, JOSEPH J., The Physiocrats and Say's Law of Markets. Essays in Economic Thought, ed. J. J. Spengler and W. R. Allen, pp.161-214. - Thomas Sowell, Say’s Law.

SPERLING, JOHN, Great Depressions: 1837-1844. 1893-1898, 1929-1939. Glenview, III.: Scott, Foresman & Co., 1966. - Woodford, Detroit & its Banks.

SPERO, HERBERT & DAVIDS, LEWIS E., Money and Banking. 3rd. ed., Barnes & Noble Books, New York, Evanston, San Francisco, London, 1970. Copyright 1949, 1953, 1955, 1970. With bibliography & index 310pp. The authors seem to take central banking largely for granted. - J.Z. - JZL.

SPERO, JOAN EDELMAN, The Failure of the Franklin National Bank, Challenge to the International Banking System. New York: Columbia University Press, 1980. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

SPIEGEL DER WIRTSCHAFT, Herausgeber Dr. Harm. Zickert, Switzerland, 24. Jahrgang in 1954. - I got quite a few originals and photocopies of this newsletter, which often stood up for monetary and financial freedom, but did not get around to microfiche or scan them. - J.Z., 5.7.10.

SPIEGELHALTER, F., Die Lohn-Preis-Spirale und ihre Überwindung. 1957. - Rittershausen, Wirtschaft, 1960 Auflage. - Da Löhne nur einen Teil der Preise ausmachen kommt sie bald von selbst zum Stehen. - Wieder einmal ein Missbrauch der Sprache. - J.Z., 17.4.10.

SPIEGELHALTER, F., Miteigentum und Gewinnbeteiligung. 1957. - Rittershausen, Wirtschaft, 1960 Auflage.

SPIER, RUDOLF, une solution. - ein ausweg. - In French and German, JZL, photocopy only, 44pp. I saw no date or publisher mentioned. His address was then given as Talstrasse 21, Ratingen/Rheinland. It seems to be just another text in favor of Silvio Gesell’s proposals. I noticed no monetary freedom aspect in it, except that he reports on some voluntary Gesellian experiments and brings illustrations from them. - Well, some people see even in suicide their way out. - J.Z., 9.6.10.

SPIES, ANDRE, Freenetwort Economic System. 1p draft, 1986, in PEACE PLANS 739.

SPIETHOFF, A., Die wirtschaftlichen Wechsellagen. (Aufschwung, Krise, Stockung.). Tübingen - Zürich, 1955. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

SPIETHOFT, B. K., Gesicherte Löhne - freie Preise. Vorhaben und Problematik des garantierten Jahreslohns. 1950. - Rittershausen, Wirtschaft, 1960 Auflage.

SPILLER, ROBERT E., Fenimore Cooper. New York, 1931. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

SPINDLER, J. v., Geldmarkt, Kapitalmarkt, internationale Kreditmärkte. Stuttgart, 1960. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

SPOONER-TUCKET DOCTRINE, Pro and Con. With contributions by Murray N. Rothbarad, 1965 and M. J. Loomis, Tom Marshall, Don Werkheiser, L. Labadie, Erich Hansch, Robart Carnaghan and from the Tucker-Fisher controversy, selectd by M. Loomis, in WAY OUT, Jan./Feb. 66, and Some Preliminary Notes by J.Z. to M.N.R.’s article, 20pp. 9.6.85, in PEACE PLANS 564. - I have recently digitized these texts. - J.Z., 16.7.10. - JZem.

SPOONER, LYSANDER, A Letter to Grover Cleveland, On His False Inaugural Address, the Usurpations and Crimes of Lawmakers and Judges, and the Consequent Poverty, Ignorance and Servitude of the People. Boston, 1886. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

SPOONER, LYSANDER, A Letter to Thomas F. Bayard: Challenging His Right and the Right of All Other So-called Senators and Representatives in Congress - to Exercise any Legislative Power Whatever Over the People of the United States. Boston, 1882. New Edition, Larkspur, Colorado, 1966. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

SPOONER, LYSANDER, A New Banking System. Boston, 1873. In: PEACE PLANS 111-134. - A New Banking System: The Needful Capital for Rebuilding the Burnt District. Boston, 1873. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State. (Presumably just one title, differently quoted. - J.Z.

SPOONER, LYSANDER, A New System of Paper Currency. Boston, A. Williams and Co., 1850, 1861. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State. - SHADE, G. W. Boston, 1861. in PEACE PLANS 111-134, reproducing Spooner’s collected works. - www.lysanderspooner.org/papercurrency.htm - L. S. wrongly thought that all kinds of wealth could be turned into currency. He should have confined his recommendation largely to ready for sale and wanted consumer goods and services. - J.Z., 12.12.05.

SPOONER, LYSANDER, Collected Works. indexed by Carl Watner, PEACE PLANS 111-134, contains all his known and surviving monetary freedom writings, e.g. Constitutional Law, Relative to Credit, Currency and Banking, 1843; Poverty, its Illegal Causes & Legal Cure; Boston, 1850; A New System of Paper Currency; Our Mechanical Industry, as Affected by our Present Currency System; Considerations for Bankers...; A New Banking System; Our Financiers: Their Ignorance, Usurpations and Frauds, Boston, 1877; The Law of Prices: A Demonstratioin.of the Necessity for an Indefinite Increase of Money, Boston, 1877; Gold and Silver as Standards of Value:.the Flagrant Cheat in Regard to Them, Boston, 1878; Universal Wealth, Shown to be easily Attainable, Boston, 1870.

SPOONER, LYSANDER, Considerations for Bankers and Holders of United States Bonds. Boston, 1864. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State. 1865.- www.lysanderspooner.org/considerations.htm

SPOONER, LYSANDER, Constitutional Law Relative to Credit, Currency and Banking. Worcester, Mass., 1843. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State. www.lysanderspooner.org/constitutionallaw.htm

SPOONER, LYSANDER, Credit, Currency and Banking. 1843. See Spooner's Works in PEACE PLANS. 111-134.

SPOONER, LYSANDER, Gold and Silver as Standards of Value: The Flagrant Cheat in Regard to them. Boston, 1878, - www.lysanderspooner.org/goldandsilver.htm - In: PEACE PLANS 111-134.

SPOONER, LYSANDER, Natural Law; or the Science of Justice; a Treatise on Natural Law, Natural Justice, Natural Rights, Natural Liberty, and Natural Society, Showing That All Legislation Whatsoever Is An Absurdity, a Usurpation and a Crime. Boston, 1882. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

SPOONER, LYSANDER, Our Financiers, Their Ignorance, Usurpations and Frauds. Boston, 1877. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State. www.lysanderspooner.org/ourfinanciers.htm - PEACE PLANS 111-134.

SPOONER, LYSANDER, Poverty: Its Illegal Causes and its Legal Cure. Part I, Boston, 1846. Boston, 1850, PEACE PLANS 111-134. - www.lysanderspooner.org/Poverty.htm - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

SPOONER, LYSANDER, The Law of Prices: A Demonstration of the Necessity for an Indefinite Increase of Money. Boston, 1877. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State. PEACE PLANS 111-134. - Indefinite only with regard to the indefinite multiplication of consumer goods and services that could be produced and exchanged. Alas, Spooner thought that even capital values could and should be monetized rather than being represented and transferred by the issue of capital securities. - J.Z., 26.2.10. - www.lysanderspooner.org/lawofprices.htm - L. S. was, apparently, unaware of a definite limit: Ready for sale and also wanted consumer goods and services. Any issue beyond that limit leads to depreciation. But that kind of "redemption fund" can be almost indefinitely expanded, in accordance with man’s needs, wishes and productive ability and willingness to work for what he wants. - J.Z., 12.12.05, 22.5.10.

SPOONER, LYSANDER, The Unconstitutionality of the Laws of Congress Prohibiting Private Mails. New York, 1844. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State. - Post offices are also potential money issuers, not only e.g. transmitters of the government’s monopoly money. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SPOONER, LYSANDER, Universal Wealth Shown To Be Easily Attainable. Boston, 1879. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State. Part First, www.lysanderspooner.org/universalwealth.htm - Spooner’s major error in this sphere was that he imagined that all kinds of capital assets, even medium and long-term investments, could be turned via (“sound”) banknote issues into ready cash or currency. That would only apply to those notes, whose equivalent in the bank of issue would consist in the capital of the gold coins and bullions of its reserve and redemption fund. Regarding capital issues, which have their own kind of certificates, different from currencies, only the due or soon due interest rates and repayment installments can be rightly and economically anticipated by note issues, which would facilitate these payments through these kinds of “clearing certificates”. - While capital certificates do, naturally, also have their values, these values cannot always and immediately be realized, by using them directly, to purchase daily needed consumer goods or services. One would have to find willing acceptors, prepared to barter their offers of this kind against such capital certificates in small denominations, as if they were genuine currencies. Not an easy and fast job in most cases. Very often one will encounter outright refusals to accept them. Thus, and mostly, they would have to be turned over, on the capital market, into ready cash or bank account credits first. - That seems self-evident - but is still all too often overlooked. There are values of all kind and not all have the nature of currency or shop foundation. A painting or a house might be worth millions, but their values cannot be spent, in payment, as easily and fast as millions in cash or bank credit accounts. -- J.Z., 9.2.10. - Some of this anarchist’s proposals remind of those of statists, who think that they can solve the problem of property merely by printing State paper money. Spooner wrongly thought that all capital assets could be and should be monetized. That would produce a quantity of currency quite disproportionate to the quantity and value of currently available goods consumer services and labor, i.e., it would depreciate this kind of “asset currency”. Has anyone criticized his notions on this, during his life-time - or later? - Wealth still has to be produced and so has energy. Also raw materials need to be dug up, refined, processed, transported etc. Even with largely automated machinery human effort and supervision and repairs etc. are still needed. But there should be no man-made restrictions upon any peaceful, tolerant, harmless productive human activity and upon the exchanges of their goods and services. - J.Z., 21.5.10. - PEACE PLANS 111-134.

SPOONER, LYSANDER, Works, in PEACE PLANS 111-134. - www.lysanderspooner.org, contains all of his writings that are available online or links to it. There also 10 articles about Spooner can be found. And a poll on the government's money issue monopoly! Among other polls on other topics of Spooner. Perhaps most importantly, all or much of Spooner's correspondence is now offered online as well! - Bibliography: See: http://www.lysanderspooner.org/bib_new.htmI am but adding tidbits of reinforcement using other modes of analysis to Spooner's brilliant analyses. He may not have said it all, but he said a great deal. Unfortunately, it seems not to have persuaded enough people, so drudges like me keep hacking away, dreaming up other means of support for his conclusions.” - Email of 9 9 05 from: MSR msroz@buffalo.edu

SPRADING, CHARLES, Liberty and the Great Libertarians, an anthology on liberty, a handbook of freedom. 1913, 549 pp, PEACE PLANS 220/221 - James J. Martin, Men Against the State. - One of the very best libertarian books - in my opinion. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

SPRAGUE, IRVINE H., Bailout: An Insider's Account of Bank Failures and Rescues. (New York: Basic Books, 1986). - SALSMAN, RICHARD A.

SPRAGUE, O. M. W., Branch Banking in the United States. QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS (1902-3), XVII, 242-260.

SPRAGUE, OLIVER M. W., Banking Reform in the United States. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1911. - SMITH, VERA C.

SPRAGUE, OLIVER M. W., History of Crises Under the National Banking System. Publications of the National Monetary Commission. Washington, 1910. - Groseclose, (1934). - NATIONAL MONETARY COMMISSION, 61st Congress, 2nd. Session, Senate doc. no. 538, Washington, GPO. Publications, 1910-12. - Smith, Vera C. - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking. - Reprint, August M. Kelley, Publishers, New York, 1968, 1977. - Schuler. - History of Crises Under the National Banking System - Related: Books Online Books - Online at the Mises Institute.

SPRAGUE, OLIVER M. W., Major and Minor Trade Fluctuations. ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY, JOURNAL, Part IV, 1931. - Sir Leo Chiozza, Product Money, 1933.

SPRAGUE, OLIVER M. W., The Crisis of 1914 in the United States. AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW 5, September 1915, pp. 499-533. - DONALD R. WELLS.

SPRAGUE, RICHARD E., System for Automatic Value Exchange, BANKING, June 1966, pp. 117-20. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972.

SPRAOS, JOHN, Why Inflation Is Not Relative Price-Neutral for Primary Products, World Development 5 (August 1977): 707-13. - Gerald P. O’Driscoll, Jr., July 86. - Relatively? - J.Z.

SPRENKLE, C. M., On the precautionary demand for assets, (1985) JOURNAL OF BANKING AND FINANCE 9: 499-516. - Dowd.

SPRENKLE, C. M., Liability and asset uncertainty for banks. (1987) JOURNAL OF BANKING AND FINANCE 11: 147-59. - Dowd

SPRING, AGNES W., The First National Bank of Denver. Denver: Bradford-Robinson Printing Company, n.d. One of the best secondary references on Clark, Gruber & Co. - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

SPRINKEL, BERYL W., Can the Fed Control Money? pp. 155-162. - CATO JOURNAL, Vol.3, No. 1, Spring 83, The Search for Stable Money. - JZL. - Like all powerful institutions, it cannot even control itself sufficiently but is oversized, ineffective and self-serving, straying far from its declared purposes and assumed or hoped-for abilities. It turned into obstructive and destructive despotism. Confined to its voluntary supporters, it might teach them something. Irresponsibly imposed upon a whole population, it dumbs down its operators as well as its victims. It has this in common with any hierarchical State church or absolute monarchy. A good example was Alan Greenspan, who ran the FED and was considered to be its prophet and great leader. Before he took that high position and also mismanaged it, for all too many years, to his retirement, he was at least a follower of Ayn Rand and and advocate of the classical gold standard (with all its remaining flaws). From then on he went downhill. - Finally, he seemed to believe that he could rule the whole economy by fiddling around with the interest rate. - “Power corrupts, absolute power corrupts absolutely!” - J.Z., 3.6.10.

SPYKMAN, NICHOLAS, J., The Social Theory of Georg Simmel. Chicago University Press, Chicago 1925. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

SRAFFA, PIERO, The Works and Correspondence of David Ricardo. (ed.) Cambridge, 1951. - GOLLIN, The Commonwealth Bank of A.

St. ANTONINO, Summa Moralis. - J. D. Unwin, Hopousia, 1940.

St. CHAMANS, M. de, Nouvelle Essai sur la Richesse des Nations. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

ST. JOHN STEVAS, NORMAN, Walter Bagehot. London 1963. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

STAATSLEXIKON, herausgegeben von Julius Bachem, 1911/12, im Auftrage der Görres-Gesellschaft. - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen.

STACK, JOSEPH B., New Varieties of Massachusetts and California Company Five Dollar Gold Pieces." NUMISMATIC REVIEW 1 (March, 1943). - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns. - Fooling around with the mere decorative appearance of gold coins, collectors and mints overlooked the simple and honest option of producing, offering and dealing with gold coins and silver coins in simple and round figured standard weight units, e.g. 5, 10, 20 g. etc. Prices, wages, banknotes, shop currencies, clearing certificates and accounts could then be similarly denominated. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

STACK, JOSEPH B., Unpublished California Gold Bars of Hentsch & Berton. NUMISMATIC REVIEW 1 (January, 1943). - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

STACKELBERG, H. v., Grundlagen der theoretischen Volkswirtschaftslehre. Bern. 1948. - Gisin (1955)

STADERMANN, B.: Offenmarktgeschäfte als Instrument der Liquiditätspolitik. Frankfurt, 1961. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank. - They have little to do with open and free markets, real business and genuine liquidity for the whole economy but, rather, interfere with them. But the word-magic of monetary and financial despotism helped, unfortunately, to preserve it into our times. - Word magic even upheld a Stalin, Hitler, Mao and Castro - for all too long. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

STAHLBERG, Dr. MAX, Die Wiedergeburt des Liberalismus. In: Wissenschaftliche Schriftenreihe der FZ. (FREIWIRTSCHAFTLICHEN ZEITUNG), Nr. 6, Verlag der FZ, Erfurt, 1931, 48 S. - JZL. - So far, it shows mostly only the birth defects of modern „liberalism“ and few of the strengths of classical liberalism and is still far from going from classical liberalism to complete and quite tolerant libertarianism, for communities of volunteers only, leaving all others quite free to follow their own party lines, as long as they can stand them, at their own expense and risk. - Most Gesellians merely wish to establish a new form of monetary despotism and are still not aware of this but think of themselves as liberators! - J.Z., 3.6.10. - Gesellianism only for Gesellians! They do deserve and even ask vor this kind of “penalty”! - J.Z., 16.7.10.

STALEBRINK, ODD J., The Hayek and Mises Controversy: Bridging Differences. - Vol. 7 Num. 1 - Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics - Online at the Mises Institute.

STAMP, J. C., Papers on Gold and the Price Level. - G. D. H. Cole. - I have seen no evidence that Cole ever stood up for full monetary and financial freedom. - Please, quote it to me, if you should find it! - J.Z., 16.7.10.

STANDARD, THE, long time Henry George magazine in Sydney, later renamed GOOD GOVERNMENT, contains a number of monetary freedom articles and stood up for it in its motto. At the 24.10.81 meeting most were over-age and disheartened. What's the good of micro-filming all back issues, someone said, no one will read them! - J.Z. - Have they made use at least of all their digital options by now? - J.Z., 16.7.10.

STANFORD, Hon. Leland, Government Loans on Real Estate: Speech of Hon. Leland Stanford of California in the United States Senate. Melbourne, 1893. - GOLLIN, The Commonwealth Bank of A.

STANGER, JOHN, What Is a Barter Credit Worth? SELF-RELIANT, 4/5-198, 3pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 865.

STANLEY, PETER W., A Nation in the Making: The Philippines and the United States, 1899-1921. 1974, Cambridge, Mass., HUP. - What a misleading title! Territorial “nations” are not "made"! They are forced and held together by police and military might. Only those nations that are assembled and maintained by individual volunteers are truly "made". One is not "made" a true member against one's will and the result of many such acts does not deserve the name of “nation”. - "Nothing but what is voluntary deserves the name of "national." - Mary Chisholm. - J.Z., 21 Feb. 90. - (Alas, I have not yet been able to track down this quote in print. - J.Z., 16.2.10.) - The mythology of nations and of nation-building has so far only managed to build up large piles of human corpses and subjected hundreds of millions of people to legislated or quite arbitrary despotism. - J.Z., 3.6.10. - Any real Free Banking interest in that title by P. W. Stanley? I do not remember who or what pointed it out to me. - An abstract or review would help. - J.Z.

STANLEY, R. C., Nickel Past and Present. Toronto, 1927. - Carothers, Fractional Money.

STANLEY, R., Gold and Wealth. Which? FREE CURRENCY LEAFLET, No. 4, London, n.d. - As if it had to be one or the other only! Neither should be given legal privileges and coercive powers. Then both will support each other. - J.Z.

STANLEY, REVA H., The First Utah Coins Minted from California Gold. CALIFORNIA HISTORICAL QUARTERLY 15 (September, 1936). - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

STANSFELD, HAMER, Monopoly in Money. 1859. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935. - Monopoly in nothing but individual sovereignty: Complete self-ownership! That would also lead to competing sound monies, in sufficient supply to help facilitate all desired exchanges. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

STANSFELD, HAMER, The Bane and Antidote of our Monetary System. 1857. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935. - A legalized and enforced monopoly hardly deserves the term “system”. We do not need an anti-dote but merely the repeal of or the ignoring of that monetary despotism. That can be peacefully and very economically done. Doing away with unemployment and inflation could be organized very fast. It would be extremely criminal to uphold centralized note-issue banking and all its other wrongful interventionism any longer but not a crime with victims at all, to end it by any non-coercive and non-destructive means available. We urgently need such a monetary revolution! Sufficient information on it and optimal timing could make it relatively easy and fast. - How many have so far sufficiently pondered this option? - J.Z., 3.7.10.

STANWOOD, E., American Tariff Controversies. Boston, 1903. - McGrane, The Panic of 1837. - The absurdity of “financing” governments by imposing penalties upon trading across frontiers! - Making illegal immigration to Australia, one of the best possible “imports”, difficult, has already cost the lives of hundreds of “boat people”. Our governments are economically so incompetent that they consider as a threat any cheap imported goodsm that might compete with Australian goods and the influx of morer able and willing producers to Australia, for which they have not prepared a plan in their “policies”. Not knowing how to achieve full employment for all present Australian unemployed, but upholding all the laws and institutions which made them unemployed in the first place, they block “unauthorized” immigration and put a financial burden upon imports. For these wrongful and irrational as well as uneconomic policies alone they should all be sacked. Except the VERY few, who opposed these policies. But then most of the voters, educated by the governmental miseducation system, demanded such “strong” “measures”, because under present conditions they fear for their jobs and those of their children. Still not knowing cause of and cure for unemployment, they are also, alas, unwilling to study to learn them. - J.Z., 3.7.10.

STANWOOD, EDWARD, Mr. Spooner's Island Community. "RADICAL REVIEW", pp.578-581, PEACE PLANS 373-375.

STAPLETON, CONSTANCE & RICHMAN, PHYLLIS C., Barter. How to get almost anything without money. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, 1978, 195pp. - JZL. - A fall-back into primitive notions and practices because they are unable or unwilling to learn enough about their monetary freedom options. Somewhat comparable to a relapse into the belief in witch-doctors and “primitive” “medicine-men” because the supposedly quite scientific modern medicine has not yet succeeded in eliminating all diseases. Sound medical alternatives are presently also, largely, blocked from reaching us, just like sound currency alternatives are - at least in the governmental “educational” institutions. - J.Z., 3.7.10.

STARBATTY, JOACHIM & GERDING, R., see also under GERDING.

STARBATTY, JOACHIM & GERDING, RAINER, Zur Entnationalisierung des Geldes - eine Zwischenbilanz. Freiburg-im-Breisgau, Walter Eucken Institut, 1980. - Pascal Salin, European Monetary Unity: For Whose Benefit? 1980.

STARBATTY, JOACHIM, Geldordnung und Geldpolitik in einer freiheitlichen Gesellschaft. (Herausgeber) Walter Eucken Institute, Freiburg i.B., Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche und wirtschaftsrechtliche Untersuchungen, 18, published by J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Tübingen, 1982, über das Symposium, 23.-26.7.1981, veranstalted in Herrsching am Ammersee, zusammen mit dem Seminar für freiheitliche Ordnung, Bad Boll, 143 S., indexed, mit Beiträgen von Karl Brunner, Peter Buomberger Wolfram Engels, Heinrich Irmler, Kurt Nemitz, Dieter Suhr, H.-Jörg Thieme, Rainer Gerding. 143 S., indexiert. - JZL. - Mostly only typically academic articles, with little genuine insights in or interest for monetary freedom and still less of positive proposals. - Ganz typisch: Zwangskurs ist nicht im Index. - However, the articles by Engels, Suhr and the discussion by Gerding & Starbatty are not bad. See the separate entries for them. - J.Z.)

STARBATTY, JOACHIM, Zur Umkehrung des Greshamschen Gesetzes bei Entnationalisierung des Geldes. KREDIT UND KAPITAL, 15. Jhrg. (3), 1982, S. 387-409. - Peter Bernholz. - JZL. 24 S., in PEACE PLANS 805.

STARK, W., Jeremy Bentham’s Economic Writings. New York, Burt Frankllin, 1952. Sennholz refers to vol.1, pp.121-207.

STARNES, GEORGE T., Sixty Years of Branch Banking in Virginia. New York, 1931. - Sharp, James Roger: The Jacksonians versus the Banks.

STATE DEPARTMENT, MSS. The Manuscripts in the State Department about Robert Morris are No. 137, three volumes and an Appendix. - Sumner, The Financier & the Finances of the American Revolution.

STATISTIQUE INTERNATIONALE DES BANQUES D'ÉMISSION, Direction Générale de la Statistique du Royaume d'Italie. Rome, 1878.

STÄUBER, W., Die geschäftlichen Beziehungen zwischen den europäischen Notenbanken und dem Staat. Zürich, 1937. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank. - „Geschaefte“ zwischen Monopolinstituten? - J.Z., 31.3.10.

STEAD, P. R., Bankers' Advances" and "Bankers' Tests.” - "The subject of banking advances against security is well covered.” - Sykes, Ernest, Banking and Currency, 9th ed., 1947.

STEAMS, GEORGE L., A Few Facts Pertaining to Currency and Banking, Adapted to the Present Position of Our Finances. Boston: A. Williams and Co., 1864. - SHADE, G. W. (1972)

STEDMAN, EDMUND C., The New York Stock Exchange. Its History, Finances and Relation to American Business. Privately printed, New York, 1905. - Smitley, Popular Financial Delusions, 1933. - Sobel, The Curbstone Brokers.

STEELE, G. R., Austrian Business Cycle Theory, Keynes’s General Theory, Soaring Wheat prices, and Subprime Mortgage Write-Downs. - Vol. 11 Num. 2 - Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics - Online at the Mises Institute.

STEELE, G. R., Hayek’s Money Economy: The Dynamics of Competitive Equilibrium and Socio-Economic Order. - Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics - Vol. 1, No. 3. - Online at the Mises Institute.

STEELE, G. R., Hayek’s Theory of Money and Cycles: Retrospective and Reappraisal. - Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics - Vol. 8, No. 1. - He is, probably, not the radical libertarian that I met in Seattle 20 years ago and have not heard of since. - See the above 2 entries and the next one. The name is rather common, according to a search I made for Seattle yesterday. This essay is hinted at - over 200 times by a Google search today. It is online at the Mises Institute. But I could not reach it simply by clicking on the above URL line. - J.Z., 19.2.10. - Online at the Mises Institute.

STEELE, GEORGE R., Generalized Value Claim, 1 Gram Gold. INDIVIDUALIST JOURNAL, May 1986, in PEACE PLANS 803.

STEFUNKO, MARTIN, Why Professor Tullock is Wrong on the Austrian Theory of the Business Cyle. - August 12, 2000 - Mises Institute Working Papers - Online at the Mises Institute.

STEIN, Dr. HERBERT & STEIN, BENJAMIN, On the Brink. Simon and Schuster (New York, 1977). - “… a fascinating novel about a Weimar-style inflation which overtakes the U.S. in the near future.” - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

STEIN, Dr. HERBERT, The Fiscal Revolution in America. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1969. - Barry N. Siegel, Money in Crisis.

STEIN, Dr. HERBERT, Waiting for Phase II. WIR Vereinigung Für Gesunde Währung, Statuten der WIR Vereinigung für gesunde Währung. Der „WIR“ Wirtschaftsring, Illusion und Wirklichkeit, Zürich 1954. - Gisin (1955) - THE AEI ECONOMIST, October 1978. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

STEIN, LORENZ v., Lehrbuch der Finanzwissenschaft. Freiburg,1860, 1871, 4. Aufl. 1878, 1887 4 vols. - Good on tax foundation money, according to Beckerath. - J.Z.

STEIN, LORENZ von, System der Staatswissenschaft. Bd. I: ,,System der Statistik, der Populationistik und der Volkswirtschaftslehre". Stuttgart u. Tübingen 1852. 20 29. - MARX. - Wahrscheinlich immer noch lesenswert über alte Erfahrungen mit Steuerfundations, bei gesunder Wertrechnung, für ansonsten “ungedecktes” und nicht in Edelmetall einlösbares Papiergeld des Staates, ohne Zwangskurs im allgemeinen Verkehr. - J.Z., 14.3.10.

STEIN, WALTER JOHANNES & FERGUSON, The Gold-Wheat-Standard. PRESENT AGE, 1939. - “They wanted to link the value of money in some way to wheat and other crop. It was underpinned with lots of statistics…” - Gustav Bade, in email of 8.4.10. - I hold that it is just one of by now, probably, thousands of index standards proposed and that none of them should be forced upon anyone. - Free choice of value standards! In that free competition the best ones will spread, at least gradually, most widely. - J.Z., 10.4.10.???

STEINER, BERNARD C., Taney's Correspondence with Van Buren. MARYLAND MAGAZINE OF HISTORY 8 (Dec. 1913): 305-26. - SHADE, G. W. (1972)

STEINER, RUDOLF, Die Kernpunkte der Sozialen Frage. Internationale Bücherei für Sozial- und Geisteswissenschaften, 41.-80. Tausend, 1920, Copyright: DER KOMMENDE TAG. A.G. Verlag Stuttgart, 113pp. - JZL.

STEINER, RUDOLF, Nationalökonomischer Kurs, Kernpunkt der sozialen Frage. [Dr.] - Hückel, 1982.

STEINER, RUDOLF, The Social Future, A series of six public lectures. [Dr.] Zürich, October 24 to 30, 1919, Anthroprosophic Press Inc., New York, 1945, 145pp., with some correspondence and leaflets. - JZL.

STEINER, W. HOWARD, SHAPIRO, ELI, SOLOMON, EZRA, Money & Banking. Fourth edition, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., New York, 1933, 1941, 1953 and 1958, indexed, with selected references, 740pp. - JZL. - Like with most such works, one has to search in them for pro-freedom stands, facts and references almost like for needles in a haystack. - J.Z., 6.5.10.

STEINER, W. HOWARD, Some aspects of banking theory. New York 1920. - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen.

STELLER, PAUL, Die Erweiterung des Notenrechts der Reichsbank. Köln 1898. - Obst. - Mit „Recht“ hat das überhaupt nichts zu tun! Aber mit dem Unrecht eines Notenemissionsmonopols sehr viel. Nur war es damals noch nicht vollständig.- J.Z., 14.3.10.

STELLER, PAUL, Staatliche Theorie des Geldes. BERLINER AKTIONAER vom 14. Juni 1916; kurze Notiz über Knapp und Bruno Moll. - Knapp.

STEM, CARL H., MAKIN, JOHN H., & LOGUE, DENNIS E., Eurocurrencies and the International Monetary System. (eds.) Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1976. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

STEPHEN, LESLIE, & LEE, SIDNEY, Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 1959-60. (Reprint of 1885-90 ed.) - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

STEPHENS, J. L., Egypt, Arabia Petraea, and the Holy Land. New York, 1837. 2 vols. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

STEPHENSON, A. H. & STEPHENS, G. F., Money and Currency. Justice Co., Philadelphia, ca. 1892. - The invention of money. The standard of value. Government issue of money. The best currency. Solution of the money question. - Price then 15c! Advertised in "LIBERTY", No. 247 and thus, perhaps, interesting from the monetary freedom angle. - J.Z.)

STEPHINGER, LUDWIG, Volkswirtschaftliche Theorie des Geldes. ZEITSCHRIFT FUER DIE GESAMTE STATSWISSENSCHAFT, 1911, S.114-132. - Knapp. - Leider sind weder Volkswirtschaft noch die gesamten Staatswissenschaften bisher zu wirklichen Wissenschaften geworden. - J.Z., 9.3.10. Hoffentlich werden die vielen verschiedenen Unterdrückungen durch territoriale Staaten niemals ganz wissenschaftlich durchgeführt. Selbst unter dem Nazismus und Bolschewismus gab es immer noch schwarze Märkte und viele „Illegale“ und kleine verbleibende private Freiheiten. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

STEUART, Sir JAMES DENHAM, Principles of Banks and Banking, of Money, as Coin and Paper …, London, Davis, 1810. - Being book III of his An Inquiry into Principles of Political Economy, London, 1767. - Redlich. - 2nd ed. London, 1812. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling. - Cowen & Roszner.

STEUART, Sir JAMES DENHAM, Principles of Money applied to Bengal. London, 1772. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

STEUART-DENHAM, Sir JAMES, An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy. Being an Essay on the Science of Domestic Policy in Free Nations. [Untersuchung über die Grundsätze der politischen Ökonomie. Ein Versuch über die Wissenschaft der Innenpolitik freier Nationen.] London 1767. 2. Ausgabe. Dublin 1770. 55 56 77 79 175 179 180 181 182. - Karl Marx Notiz. - Sumner, The Financier & the Finances of the Am. Rev. - STEUART, JAMES, was mentioned by Henry Meulen, in his Free Banking, p. 272/3, but he may have wanted only an alternative and abstract value scale. Merely skim-reading his notes, I did not find them of interest. - J.Z. - Vielleicht hatte Sir J. D. S. auch schon etwas über gesundes Papiergeld (auch ohne metallische Deckung und Einlösung) zu sagen? - Erfahrungen damit gab es schon, wenigstens, seit dem 16. Jahrhundert. - J.Z., 14.3.10. Die Nachfrage nach Geld, durch erzwungene Steuerzahlung oder Tributerhebung kann gross genug sein um ein solches Geld auch ohne Zwangsannahme und Zwangswert (Zwangskurs) im allgemeinen Verkehr auf dem Parikurs zu halten mit seinem nominellen Wert, ausgedrückt z.B. in metallischen Gewichtseinheiten. Adam Smith erkannte das in einer vernachlässigten Nebenbemerkung in seinem volkswirtschaftlichen Hauptwerk. Ein Geld ohne Zwangskurs und ohne Nachfrage danach, durch Lieferanten von Waren, Dienstleistungen und Arbeit, oder, wenigstens, von Steuerzahlungsquittungen (ohne die kann es einem schlecht ergehen!) - oder wenigstens Sammler oder Altpapierhändler-Wert, hat gar keinen Wert. - J.Z., 6.5.10.

STEUART-DENHAM, Sir JAMES, Dissertation upon the Doctrine and Principles of Money applied to the German Coin. Tübingen, 1758. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

STEUART-DENHAM, Sir JAMES, Political Economy, including Money, Coins, and Interest. London, 1767. 2 vols. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

STEUART-DENHAM, Sir JAMES, Treatise on German Coins. In German, Tübingen, 1757. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

STEUER, WERNER, Die Aufwertungsspekulation. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot 1969. - Flamant.

STEVAS, N. ST. JOHN, Collected Works of Walter Bagehot. (ed.) (1978) - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System.

STEVAS, ST JOHN-STEVAS, N., The Collected Works of Walter Bagehot. (ed.) (1978) London: Economist. - Dowd

STEVEN, M., The Changing Pattern of Commerce in New South Wales, 1810-1821. BUSINESS ARCHIVES AND HISTORY, Vol. 3, No. 2, Aug. 1963, pp.139-155. - HOLDER, Bk of NSW.

STEVENS, EDWARD J., Composition of the Money Stock Prior to the Civil War. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 3 (1971), - Klebaner

STEVENS, FREDERICK W., Michigan Constitutional Convention of 1850. n.p., n.d. - SHADE, G. W. (1972)

STEVENS, JAMES, The Labour Problem and its Solution. 1 page, John Henry Mackay’s Bibliothek., n.d.

STEVENS, JOHN AUSTIN, Albert Gallatin. Boston, 1894.

STEVENS, LARRY, Ingots: The Crude But Colorful Shapes of Private Gold Coins. COINAGE 6 (February, 1960). - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

STEVENS, PAUL, How NOT to Advocate a Gold Standard. THE FREEMAN, August 1973, pp. 471-482, FEE. - JZL. Unfortunately copyrighted. This article is mostly correct on monetary freedom. - J.Z. - Online now, with all articles in THE FREEMAN! - J.Z., 16.7.10.

STEVENS, PAUL, The Gold Standard. A Standard for Freedom. THE FREEMAN, Jan. 1975, pp.3-12. - 10pp., in PEACE PLANS 804. - 8pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.386.Does not insist on gold as an exclusive standard and means of payment! - Since I did not and still do not have a complete list of all my LMP microfiche issues, I have, occasionally, produced some titles twice. - J.Z., 16.7.10.

STEVENSON, NEAL, Cryptonomicon. Neal Stephenson's Cryptonomicon. This is a novel about using gold as the basis for electronic money (amongst other things). - I review Cryptonomicon on my Crypto Fiction Page. Reading crypto fiction represents a nice change of thread from building the financial cryptography systems at Systemics that derive so much of their foundation from Free Banking. - Academically minded skeptics should note that whilst this novel takes the appearance of a science fiction thriller, it is not science fiction at all. Working models of the novel's vision were in production and usable before the book was even started. - http://iang.org/free_banking/

STEWART, F. H., History of the First United States Mint. Philadelphia, 1924. - Carothers, Fractional Money.

STEWART, WILLIAM M., Silver the Money of the People. In Papers and Addresses before the First National Silver Convention Held at St. Louis, November 26, 27 and 28, 1889, edited and compiled by E. A. Elliott. St. Louis: Buxton & Skinner Stationery Co., 1889. - Friedman, M., Money Mischief.

STEWART, WILLLIAM M., Analysis of the Functions of Money. 1898. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935.

STICKNEY, A. B. The Medium of Exchange and the Banking Function. 1901, in PEACE PLANS 745.

STICKNEY, A. B., State Control of Trade and Commerce by National or State Authority. N.Y., 1897. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S.

STIGLER, GEORGE J. & BOULDING, K. E., Readings in Price Theory. (Editors), London, 1953. - Paul Einzig, How Money Is Managed. The Ends & Means of Monetary Policy.

STIGLER, GEORGE, The Economics of Carl Menger. JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, vol. 45, April 1937. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

STIGLER, GEORGE, The Economics of Information. JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, June 1961, vol. 69, pp.213-25. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

STIGLER, GEORGE, The Organization of Industry. Homewood, Ill., Richard D. Irwin, 1968. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

STENTON, F. W., Anglo-Saxon England. Oxford, 1943. 2nd ed. 1947. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

STEVENS, LARRY, Unofficial Gold. COINAGE 10 (July, 1974). - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

STEVENS, LARRY, Tiny, Private Gold. COINAGE 10 (August, 1974). - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

STEELE, GEORGE R., Correspondence with Zube, John, May 1982 -  July 1986, on monetary freedom, nuclear war prevention, panarchism, computers, micrographics, individual liberty, revisionism, 158pp, 42x, in PEACE PLANS 644, To John Zube, 26 July 86 - 1 Jan. 87, John Zube to George Steele, 29 Sept. 86, 7 pp, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 740.

STIGLITZ, JOSEPH E., & WEISS, A., Credit rationing in markets with imperfect information.' (1981) AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW 71: 393-410. - Dowd

STIGLITZ, JOSEPH E., Credit Markets and the Control of Capital. JOURNAL OF MONEY, CREDIT AND BANKING, May 85, 133-152. - Mullineaux

STIGLITZ, JOSEPH E., Information and Economic Analysis. In: Current Economic Problems. (ed.) Michael Parkin & A. Robert Nobay, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1975, 27-52. - Mullineaux

STILLICH, O., Geld- und Bankwesen. 3. Aufl. Berlin 1914. - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen.

STIRNER, MAX, Der Einzige und sein Eigentum. - Hückel, 1982.

STIRNER, MAX, The Ego and His Own. (Pseud. for: Johann Caspar Schmidt. Translated by Steven T. Byington. New York, 1907. New Edition, New York, 1963. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

STOCK EXCHANGES, MULTIPLE ONES: According to an article by George Liondis, “Multiple exchange plan defies meltdown”, in THE AUSTRALIAN FINANCIAL REVIEW, www.afr.com, 20.5.10, p.21, the Australian Federal Government has vowed to push ahead with plans to allow multiple stock exchanges in Australia. That is the first positive thing I ever heard or read about the Australian Federal Government for many years, now one by the Labor Party. To prevent excess volatility of stock prices, caused, it is believed, by panicky stock dumping through multiple and automated electronic exchanges, operating at the speed of computers, an experiment would be made to halt trading in stocks that move more than 10 per cent in any five-minute period. It seems that computer systems panic and act panicky even faster and more so than humans do. - Half a century ago Ulrich von Beckerath proposed that the publicity at stock exchanges should not only be given to concluded stock deals and their prices but also to the quantity of and to the sales and purchase offers, with their quantities and prices. Electronic displays should be able to cope with that extra and important information, which would describe the market much better than merely mentioning all the concluded sales and purchases, their quantities and their prices. - I do not know whether and to what extent this is already being done or still not done. - J.Z., 2.6.10.

STOCKHOLDER ADVOCATE ASSOCIATION, Declaration of Independence. July 4, 1976, 2pp, in PEACE PLANS 1610, Feb. 2000, p.96. - 26 million shareholders then, now, probably, many more. - J.Z.

STOCKMAN, ALAN C., Monetary Cross-Substitutions and the International Transmission of Monetary Shocks under Floating Exchange Rates. Unpublished, University of Chicago, money workshop paper, March 2, 1976. - Benjamin Klein, 1976.

STOKES, MILTON L., The Bank of Canada. 1939. Toronto: Macmillan. - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

STOLPER, GUSTAV, The German Economy: 1870 to the Present. (London: Weidenfield and Nicholson, 1966). - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

STOLPER, GUSTAV, This Age of Fable, The Political & Economic World We Live In. (or die from! J.Z.), 1942 edition, Reynal & Hitchcock, N.Y., indexed, 369pp., 1943, George G. Harrap & Co. Ltd., London, Toronto, Bombay, Sydney, indexed, 318pp, with 5pp of notes on this book by John Zube, 1989, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 911. (A quote, on the money monopoly, from The Age of Fable, 1943, was reproduced in PEACE PLANS 736.) - Libertarian on many points. Favors free banking. For monetary freedom on pages 62ff of the latter edition. Refutes many of the myths of our times. Alas, in the second half he offers some fables himself. Follows Mises on money and imagines that Mises was for completely free competition in this sphere, referring to his 1911 work, Theorie des Geldes und der Umlaufsmittel. - J.Z. - JZL. - Everything good is only very rarely found together. After all, we are all humans. - I do not believe in “inherited sin” but in “inherited individual limitations”. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

STONE, IRVING, Men to Match My Mountains. Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Company, Inc., 1956. This is a well researched work on the opening of the West, related in novel form. - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

STORCH, le Comte HENRI, Cours d'Economie Politique. Edited by Jean-Baptiste Say, St. J. P. Aillaud, Bossange, Père and Rey and Gravier, Paris. - Peter Bernholz. - Also: Petersburgh, 1815. 6 vols. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

STORM, THE, Nos. 1-12, ed. by Mark Sullivan, with one special issue on monetary freedom, PEACE PLANS 501. Sullivan, Mark - He can, probably, be still contacted at msullivan@schalkenbach.org

STOWASSER, C. H., Social Credit, from a Georgist point of view, from PROGRESS, 12/87, 1p, in PEACE PLANS 793. - I have, vaguely, in mind that I received a death notice about him some time ago. - He was one of the better German anarchists. - J.Z., 3.7.10.

STRABO, Geography. Books VI, VII. - Groseclose, Money & Man.

STRACHEY, JOHN, The Coming Struggle for Power. New York, 1933. - Groseclose, (1934).

STRAKER, F., The Money Market. London, 1904. - 9th ed., 1947. - Sykes, Ernest, Banking and Currency.

STRATHUS, H.: Die Zukunft des Kredits. Seine Aufgaben und Grenzen in der gesteuerten Wirtschaft. Berlin, 1933. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank. - In der zwangsweise fehlgesteuerten Wirtschaft! - J.Z., 31.3.10. - Eine vom Staat „gesteuerte“ Wirtschaft ist fast immer fehlgesteuert. - What a self-delusion that one or a few people could rightfully and economically direct the economic activity of millions of other people! They are not even able to learn, sufficiently, from their own mistakes. As for their “reading”: An extreme case was Paul Hindenburg, German President before Hitler: He boasted that after school he did not read more than 2 or 3 books. Probably did not even remember whether they were two or three. - With as much ignorance, stupidity and prejudices - at the top of the Weimar Republic and the numermous economic and political mistakes it made, 2 major monetary crises, which cost it, economically, for each of them, about as much as WW I did to Germany, it was just a stepladder for a clever demagogue like Hitler to his totalitarian power. It would be interesting to find out how little of the really significant writings our present “leaders” or, rather, “misleaders” have read and understood. The democratic voting system does certainly not test them (or their voters) for their knowledge and ideas but, rather, for their appearance, their acting and their “coaching’. - Just try to evaluate, objectively, the slogans by which they gain and retain power. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

STRAUCH, M., Bankpraxis. Stuttgart 1917. - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen.

STRAUSS, E., Sir William Petty: Portrait of a Genius. (1954). - Cottrell & Anderson, Money & Banking in England.

STRAUSS, SIMON D., Some Thoughts on THE PRICE OF GOLD. "CALIFORNIA GEOLOGY", Oct. 87, 6pp, in PEACE PLANS 806.

STREISSLER, ERICH W., Menger's Theories of Money and Uncertainty. A Modern Interpretation." In J. R. Hicks and W. Weber, ed., Carl Menger and the Austrian School of Economics. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1973. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

STRIEDER, JACOB, Jacob Fugger the Rich. (Translated by Mildred L. Hartsough). New York, 1931. - Groseclose, Money & Man.

STRÖLI, MORITZ, Über Gegenwart und Zukunft des deutschen Notenbankwesens. In: SCHMOLLERS JAHRBUCH FUR GESETZGEBUNG, 1886. - Obst. - Das Wesen rechtmässiger und freier Handlungen sollte nicht von einer staatlichen Gesetzgebung abhängig gemacht werden. Wenn das geschieht, dann sind die Resultate oft katastrophal. - J.Z., 14.3.10. - We need now at least an annual publication AGAINST territorial legislation and for exterritorial autonomy from it, under personal laws, for all communities of volunteers. - Also the best kind of declaration of all genuine individual rights and liberties that could and should by now be compiled and sufficiently published. The existing constitutions have never fully expressed and recognized them, not to speak of our parliamentary legislation, produced by the usual party-hacks or demagogic power addicts. As a tragic-comedy just watch their perpetual “leadership” struggles, in which genuine knowledge, principles and ideas do, usually, shine by their absence. Almost none of them has a program that deserves the term. - Only a Mencken could enjoy this show, like a circus performance by clowns. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

STROMBERG, JOSEPH R., Noah Sinithwick: Pioneer Texan & Monetary Critic. THE FREEMAN, 4pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.128. - On emergency money & Gresham's Law.

STRONG, M. M., History of the Territory of Wisconsin. Madison, 1885. - Reginald Charles McGrane, The Panic of 1837, 1924.

STUART, JOHN LEIGHTON, Fifty Years in China. New York, 1954. - Groseclose, Money & Man.

STUBBE, Organisation des amerikanischen Bankwesens. Im JAHRBUCH FÜR GESETZGEBUNG, VERWALTUNG UND VOLKSWIRTSCHAFt, 1907. - Obst.

STUCKEN, R., Besonderheiten der Geld- und Kreditpolitik in Westdeutschland und ihre konjunkturpolitische Bedeutung. Berlin, 1954. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

STUCKEN, R., Deutsche Geld- und Kreditpolitik 1914 - 1953. 2/1953. - Rittershausen, Wirtschaft, 1960 Auflage.

STUCKEN, R., Geld und Kredit. Tübingen, 1949. 2. stark veränderte Aufl., Tübingen, 1957. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

STUCKEN, RUDOLF, Zur Lehre von der Deckung des öffentlichen Bedarfs durch nichtinflatorische Papiergeldausgabe. FINANZARCHIV, N.F.3, v.29.11.34. - (Bezieht sich auf Rittershausen. - J.Z.)

STUDENSKI, PAUL & KROOSS, HERMAN E., Financial History of the United States. 2nd ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 1952. - 1963. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking. - Sennholz

STUDER, OTTO, Verwirklichung einer Ausbeutungsfreien Wirtschaftsordnung. Edition Studer, Zürich, 1979, 18 S. mit Literaturverzeichnis. - Über Gesell & WIR. - JZL.

STUDER, PROF. TOBIAS, WIR and the Swiss National Economy. Thomas H. Greco wrote on 10. 5. 06: The Swiss WIR Bank is the best example we have of a successful large-scale mutual credit clearing system that has stood the test of time and continues to thrive. Up until now, very little information was available about its history and operations. That situation has now taken a significant turn. Prof. Studer’s book about the Swiss WIR Bank is now available in English. This excellent translation by Prof. Philip Beard of Sonoma State University, is a “must read” for any student of money, banking, complementary currency, or exchange alternatives. WIR and the Swiss National Economy, by Prof. Tobias Studer, Department of Economics, University of Basel, Switzerland, Basel, 1998 Published by the WIR Bank, Basel. Title of German original: “WIR in unserer Volkswirtschaft.” English Translation: Philip H. Beard, Ph.D., Sonoma State University,  Rohnert Park, California 94928, © 2006.

STUDT, Dr. EMIL, Alte und neue Formen der Scrips. BANKWISSENSCHAFT, Heft 16, 10. Jahrgang, 20.11.33, S. 414ff, (Über Rittershausen.) (Copied for JZL, alas only to page 416.)

STUMM, JIM to ZUBE, JOHN, 13.3.78, edited, 7pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.519.

STUMM, JIM, A Minimal Gold Standard. THE CONNECTION, No. 99, of 2 Nov. 81, 1p, in PEACE PLANS 904.

STUMM, JIM, Financing a Panarchist Militia. RANDOM WRITINGS No. 20, Sep. 88, 3pp, with reply by J.Z., 6pp, in ON PANARCHY No.XII, in PEACE PLANS 833.

STUMM, JIM, Letter, in SLM, Nov. 81, on K. Thornley's article:"Legal Tender: Is It A Conspiracy?" ( SLM 7/81) - 2pp, in PEACE PLANS 793.

STUMM, JIM, Monetary Freedom. 13pp., which he sent me in March 12, 1991. With contributions by Dr. Walter Zander, John Zube, Robert LeFevre, Roy Childs (on Vera Smith), Morris Markovitz & Jim Stumm, in PEACE PLANS 1248. - JZL.

STUMM, JIM, The Silver I.O.U. System. 1970 article, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 617. - Is Jim Stumm still alive and active? I have not heard of him in years! - J.Z., 16.7.10.

STUTFIELD & CAUTLEY, Rules and Usages of the Stock Exchange. - Sykes, Ernest, Banking and Currency, 9th ed., 1947.

STÜTZEL, WOLFGANG, Bankers Instead of Politicians!" Unpublished manuscript (April 1977). Summers, Brian, "Private Coinage in America." THE FREEMAN (July 1976): 436-440. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

STÜTZEL, WOLFGANG, Geldstromanalyse. In: Enzyklopädisches Lexikon für das Geld-, Bank- und Börsenwesen, Frankfurt, 1957. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

STÜTZEL, WOLFGANG, Ist die schleichende Inflation durch monetäre Massnahmen zu beeinflussen? BEIHEFTE ZUR KONJUNKTURPOLITIK, Heft 7, 1960. - Flamant. - Da die Inflation durch monetäre Massnahmen verursacht wird, kann sie offenbar nur durch die Abschaffung dieser monetären Massnahmen beendigt werden. Wird Logik nicht mehr auf deutschen Universitäten gelehrt? - J.Z., 11.3.10.

STÜTZEL, WOLFGANG, Moderne Kreditpolitik. KONJUNKTURPOLITIK, 2. Heft, 1959. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

STÜTZEL, WOLFGANG, Über unsere Währungsverfassung. Mohr, Tübingen, Walter Eucken Institut, Nr. 56, 1975, 37 S. (Nur für Wertbeständigkeitsklauseln! - Und die werden allzuoft und für lange Perioden einfach gesetzlich verboten! - Or einfach nicht „lizensiert“! - J.Z.)

STÜTZEL, WOLFGANG, Über unsere Währungsverhältnisse. Mohr, 1983, Walter Eucken Institute, Nr. 91. (Nur über "freely floating exchange rates". - J.Z.)

STÜTZEL, WOLFGANG., Who should Issue Money? Private instead of Public Institutions? Bankers instead of Politicians? Unveröffentlichtes Manuskript, 15.4.1977. - Gerding - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.  - Are there still many unpublished manuscripts of this kind? - By now all could be cheaply scanned in and put onto a CD, DVD or external HD, if online reproduction is considered to be too troublesome and expensive. - J.Z., 8.2.09.- It would not even require significant capital investment to produce a comprehensive electronic library on full monetary and financial freedom, in the interests of all capitalists, financiers, debtors, creditors, of all people who work or invest for a living. The technology is there, affordable even for relatively poor individuals like myself. Only a sufficient collaboration between a large enough number of interested people is required and has to be organized, online, on disc, or otherwise among all the surviving writers, readers and advocates, with most of them still largely hidden, like worms in the woodwork, although by now there may already be hundreds of thousands to even millions of them and the whole population of this planet is victimized by monetary and financial despotism, still not understood by most peope in its wrongs and damages it causes. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

STÜTZER, R.: Die Wertpapieranlage der Kreditinstitute. Untersuchungen am Beispiel der englischen Banken. Berlin, 1957. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank. - Mit oder ohne Staatseinmischung? - J.Z., 31.3.10.

SUBERCASEAUX, GUILLERMO, El Papel Moneda. 1912. Santiago de Chile. - Peter Bernholz.

SUBERCASEAUX, GUILLERMO, Le papier-monnaie. Paris, 1927. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

SUBERCASEAUX, GUILLERMO, Monetary and Banking Policy in Chile. 1922, Oxford, Clarendon Press. - Schuler

SUCHESTOW, M., Die Unvollkommenheit des Geldmarktes. Winterthur, 1955. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank. - Besteht sie nicht, zum grössten Teil, aus seiner Unfreiheit? - J.Z., 31.3.10. If it were already a real „money market“ then it would be as close to perfect as anything happening between human beings can become. Good money would then drive out bad money. Bad money needs a monopoly and legal tender power to survive, just like politicians need a territorial monopoly and legalized power to get into and remain in power. Under panarchism, with its individual choices and voluntarism, all tolerantly practised, the bad political, economic and social systems would become rapidly reduced to their remaining fools. - Who would be satisfied with bad money when he is free to ask for, to produce and to receive competitively supplied good money, all of them using an agreed-upon and sound enough value standard? - J.Z., 3.6.10.

SUESS, EDUARD, Die Zukunft des Goldes. Wien, 1877. 389 pp. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885. - It is assured by its very nature. Our continued existence on Earth is not so assured. What is not assured, by our territorial constitutions, laws and institutions, is our right and liberty to use it (or anything else) as a value standard and, if we have it in sufficient quantities, also as a means of payment towards willing acceptors. - Language, as far as possible, should convey truths rather than misunderstandings, errors and lies. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

SUHLE, ARTHUR, Deutsche Münz- und Geldgeschichte von den Anfängen bis zum 15. Jahrhundert. - 1955, VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin. Mit Register und Liste der Münzstätten, 231pp. In the appendix are several historical charts showing the numerous mints that existed in various centuries. Über diese Zeiten konnte man damals sogar in Ostdeutschland frei schreiben. - Although the numerous privileged local issuers did mostly abuse their powers, their issues, too, helped to overcome the currency shortage, with regard to rare metal coins, and thus to introduce more monetary exchanges and reduce the number of mere barter transactions. - On the other hand, clearing transactions, at least during the numerous fairs, were also common already, as other sources indicate. These clearing transactions, payments via real bills and unofficial tokens, made a considerable percentage of all transactions. For short-term credit and debt settlements the depreciated or inflated coins were also still useful enough. - J.Z., 18.3.10. - JZL.

SUHR, Prof. Dr. DIETER & GODSCHALK, HUGO, Optimale Liquidität. Eine liquiditätsthoretische Analyse und ein kreditwirtschaftliches Wettbewerbskonzept. Fritz Knapp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 1986, 155 S. - Rezensionsexemplar sent to K.Z. - At least in its notes some FB writings are mentioned. - JZL.

SUHR, Prof. Dr. DIETER, Die Geldordnung aus verfassungsrechtlicher Sicht. In: Starbatty, Geldordnung u. Geldpolitik, 1982.

SUHR, Prof. Dr. DIETER, Durch Selbsthilfe zur Wirtschaftsbelebung und Arbeitsplätzen. Aus: Dieter Suhr: Befreiung der Marktwirtschaft vom Kapitalismus. 1986. - From: Holger Lemme - Newsgroups: cl.wirtschaft.geld - Subject: Literatur-Liste, Date: 17 Apr 95 - Literatur zum Thema "Gerechtes Geld". (No my definition of it! - J.Z.) - Eine wirkliche Marktwirtschaft braucht keine Befreiung. Am wenigstens eine von einem wirklichen Kapitalismus. Aber sie muss von der Mischwirtschaft und Misswirtschaft des territorialen Etatismus befreit werden. - J.Z., 3.7.10.

SUHR, Prof. Dr. DIETER, Geld ohne Mehrwert. Frankfurt 1983. - FB? Or merely another attack on interest? Suhr and Godschalk were, obviously, linked to the Gesell movement but have, apparently, gone somewhat beyond it, like Paul Nagel, Heinz Peter Neumann, Uwe Timm, Christian Butterbach and a few others, who, presently, do not come to my mind. After all, even Milton Friedman somewhat reformed, from his version of Keynesianism and made some concessions to monetary freedom ideas. - Keynes himself was not always a Keynesian, either. Nor was Marx always a “Marxian” sectarian, although he showed much intolerance, e.g. towards Proudhon. - J.Z., 27.2.10. - Apparently, he disliked also intellectual competition that was contrary to his own ideas and notions. - All too many ideologues are still territorial power addicts and power-mongers, - even among the anarchists and libertarians. - Their system, supposedly, must be imposed territorially, upon a whole population. They do not even propose a referendum on this. - Naturally, such a referendum could rightfully bind only the majority of people who voted for a particular system. - J.Z., 16.7.10.

SUHR, Prof. Dr., DIETER, to CREUTZ, HELMUT, 16 May 84, 2pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 742.

SULLEY, RICHARD, See HUNT'S MERCHANTS' MAGAZINE for 1853-1858. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

SULLIVAN, GEORGE, Popular Explanation of the System of Circulating Medium, etc. New York, 1839. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

SULLIVAN, JAMES, The Path to Riches. An Inquiry into the Origin and Use of Money. By a Citizen of Massachusetts. …” Boston, 1792. - Redlich. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860. - Of free banking interest? - Even Adam Smith’s writings are not fully known and appreciated today, to the extent that they were and are correct. - The Mercantilists were partly right by trying to get and keep as many sound exchange media in their country as possible but wrong in assuming that only silver and gold coins could form a sound currency and that alternative sound exchange media, probably also reckoning in rare metal weight units, as their value standard, could not be internally issued, by suitable issuers, to the extent that they would be needed, as determined by their voluntary acceptance, refusal or discount in general circulation and by their reflux at par to the issuer from his debtors. - Half-baked to wrong ideas still determine “monetary policies” in our times. - J.Z., 6.5.10.

SULLLIVAN, LAWRENCE, Prelude to Panic. Washington, D.C.: Statesmen Press, 1936. - Wells & Scuggs.

SULLIVAN, MARK A., COUGHLIN, MICHAEL E. & HAMILTON, CHARLES H., Benjamin R. Tucker & The Champions of Liberty. A Centenary Anthology. (Editors) 1981, 232pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 912.

SULLIVAN, WILLIAM A., Did Labor Support Andrew Jackson? POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY, LXII (December 1947), 569-80. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960. - Labor was never much interested in genuine banking reform, while it was all too much interested in central banking, an all to powerful institution of statism or State socialism. - J.Z., 17.7.10.

SULLY, MAXIMILIAN de BETHUNE, Baron of ROSNY, Duke of SULLY, Mémoires of Maximilian de Bethune, Baron of Rosny, Duke of Sully, &c. Engl. transl. London. 8 vols. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

SUMMER, HUNTER LEWIS, How Much Money Does an Economy Need? Solving the Central Economic Puzzle of Money, Prices, and Jobs. - 2008 - The Mises Review - Online at the Mises Institute. - As much as will be readily accepted at its nominal value, i.e. without depreciating against a sound value standard! Until then it is always undersupplied. The first discount near the issuing centre, or e.g. on a gold market, for a wide-spread currency, indicates the point at which further issues should be temporarily stopped and also the point at which refusals to accept such notes will become wide-spread - except among remaining debtors to the issuer, who can then still pay their debts to him at 100%. - J.Z., 22.2.10.

SUMMERS, BRIAN, Private Coinage in America. THE FREEMAN, July 1976, Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

SUMMERS, BRIAN, Easy Money: Prelude to Recession. THE FREEMAN, May 77, 4pp, in PEACE PLANS 806. - Not when it is competitively produced, i.e. without a monopoly and legal tender money. Then it can be both, cheap and sound, under agreed-upon and good enough value standards. - It is a cheap trick to attack all alternatives to rare metal coins and rare metal certificates as “cheap”, “easy”, “inferior” and “mere paper” money. The rich people in this world do not sit on bags of gold coins or stacks of gold certificates. Consumers want millions of different goods and services for their money, rather than merely gold coins or gold jewelry. Any paper money with sound shop foundation, using gold, silver or anything else merely as an acceptable value standard, is good enough for them, without being covered and redeemable in gold or silver. If they want any of these metals then they can go to the rare metal markets. - The best use of rare metal weight units lies only in their potential as optional value standards for buyers and sellers, producers of monies and acceptors of money notes. - A simple truth and yet only rarely clearly seen and stated. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

SUMMERS, BRIAN, Private Coinage in America. THE FREEMAN, July 76, pp. 436-440. - JZL, photocopy.

SUMMERS, BRIAN, The Role of Savings. THE FREEMAN, 5/74, 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 1749/1750, p.400. - There is no good role for legal tender monopoly monies in savings and investments. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

SUMMERS, LAWRENCE H., Comments on: KING, ROBERT G., On the Economics of Private Money. 1983, 2pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.719.- Comments. JOURNAL OF MONETARY ECONOMICS 12, 159-162. - Milton Friedman, Has Government Any Role in Money?

SUMNER, SCOTT, The Forerunners of “New Monetary Economics” Proposals to Stabilize the Unit of Account. A Note by Scott Sumner, JOURNAL OF MONEY CREDIT AND BANKING, Vol. 22, No. 1, Feb. 1990, Ohio State University Press, pp.108-11. - JZL, photocopy only. - It deals, mainly only with Henry Meulen and Arthur Kitson, but does have a one page bibliography. - J.Z., 11.6.10.

SUMNER, W.G., A History of Banking in All the Leading Nations. Vol. II. ed., 1896, reprinted by Augustus M. Kelly, N.Y., 1971. - Dowd.

SUMNER, WILLIAM GRAHAM & KELLER, A. G., Science of Society. Yale Univ. Press, 4 vols., 1927. - Smitley, Popular Financial Delusions, 1933.

SUMNER, WILLIAM GRAHAM, A History of American Currency. (editor) 1874, 1878, 391pp, LFB sale $12.50. 1884 edition, 400 pp, Kelley, N.Y. reprint, 1971. - Dowd. - PEACE PLANS No. 240

SUMNER, WILLIAM GRAHAM, A History of Banking in the United States. Vol. 1 of SUMNER, WILLIAM GRAHAM, (ed.) et al, A History of Banking in All the Leading Nations, New York, 4 vols. published by the JOURNAL OF COMMERCE AND COMMERCIAL BULLETIN, 1896, reprinted (1971) Fairfield, N.J., by Augustus M. Kelley. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System.. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960. - History of Banking in the United States. N.Y., 1896. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S.

SUMNER, WILLIAM GRAHAM, A History of the American Currency. New York, Henry Holt and Co., 1874, 1875, 1878, 1884.- Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860. - Redlich - Carothers, Fractional Money. - A History of American Currency, New York, 1876. - McGrane, The Panic of 1837. - History of American Currency. N.Y., H. Holt, 1874, 1875, - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S. - Carothers. (Main URL? - J.Z.) Related: Money/Banking, Cycles, Econ. History, pre-1925 Econ., Econ. History, Financial History, Books, William Sumner - At least there appears to exist a free choice for the citing of book titles. But I, for one, could do without that “liberty”. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

SUMNER, WILLIAM GRAHAM, Alexander Hamilton. N.Y., 1890. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S.

SUMNER, WILLIAM GRAHAM, History of American and Austrian Currencies. New York, 1874. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

SUMNER, WILLIAM GRAHAM, Life of Andrew Jackson as a Public Man. Boston, Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1882. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S. - Andrew Jackson. American Statesmen series. Boston, 1882, 1899. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

SUMNER, WILLIAM GRAHAM, The Coin Shilling of Massachusetts Bay, in YALE REVIEW, Vol. 7. - Carothers, Fractional Money.

SUMNER, WILLIAM GRAHAM, The Financier and the Finances of the American Revolution. New York, 1891, 1892, Burt Franklin, New York, reprint 1970, in 2 volumes: 309 & 330 pages, indexed, with list of authorities. - JZL. . - Carothers, Fractional Money. - Antony C. Sutton, The War on Gold. - White, Horace,

SUMNER, WILLIAM GRAHAM, The Spanish Dollar and the Colonial Shilling. AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW, Vol. 3. - Carothers, Fractional Money.

SUMNER, WILLIAM GRAHAM, What Social Classes Owe Each Other. N.Y., 1883. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S.

SUNDMAN, RICK, Advantages, Disadvantages of Rare Coin Investment. 2pp, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 739. - Let us all rather invest some time and energy in finally achieving sound and competing monies. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

SUPLIZIO, PAUL E., Application of the Quantity Theory of Money to Barter Exchange Management. 1986, 12pp, with some notes by John Zube, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 905.

SUPLIZIO, PAUL E., Brief, 9 Sep. 88 to IRS in the matter of The Trade Exchange. 7pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 905.

SUPLIZIO, PAUL E., Commercial Barter Exchanges in Society, an address presented to the Chicago Association of Commerce and Industry. Chicago, September 18, 1985. International Reciprocal Trade Association, 9513 Beach Mill Road, Great Falls, VA 22066, 1985. - 18pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 905. - Sept. 18, 1985 manuscript. - Fred E. Foldvary. - Thomas Greco.

SURANYI-UNGER, THEO, Comparative Economic Systems. New York, 1952. - Paul Einzig, How Money Is Managed. The Ends & Means of Monetary Policy.

SUSMAN, M. von BEWDEMANN, Die Geistige Gestalt Georg Simmels. 1959. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

SUTCH, WILLIAM BALL, Price Fixing in New Zealand. New York: Columbia University Press, New York, 1932. - Excellent book about the effects of New Zealand's experiments with price controls during and after the First War. Many sectors of the economy are examined, but the single lesson is clear: the side-effects of controls are worse than the problem they are intended to cure. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

SUTHERLAND, C. H. V., English Coinage, 600-1900. London: B. T. Batsford Ltd., 1973. - DOTY (1978).

SUTHERLAND, C. H. V., Roman Coins. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1974. - DOTY (1978).

SUTTON, ANTONY C. & PAIVA, CHANTI A., Gold Vs. Paper. A Cartoon History of Inflation. Phoenix International Publications, Phoenix, Arizona, 1981, with a short bibliography 167 pp. - JZL., Photocopy only. The jokes and the theory are weak but the pictures of some of the early paper State monies are good. - J.Z., 6.6.10.

SUTTON, ANTONY C., A Businessman’s Guide to Economic Forecasting. (How to Profit from the Future.) In MM, a special bonus issue of the MILLIONAIRE’S MANUAL, undated, a digest size magazine, published quarterly, in this case 128pp, of which this article is on pages 109-128. - JZL.

SUTTON, ANTONY C., National Suicide: Military Aid to the Soviet Union. New York: Arlington House, 1973. - Antony C. Sutton, The War on Gold.

SUTTON, ANTONY C., The War on Gold. ’76 Press, Seal Beach, California, 1977, with bibliography & index 238pp. - JZL.

SWAN, CHARLES H., Jr., Monetary Problems & Reforms. N.Y., London, 1897, 81pp. - Against legal tender. -JZL, SOUND CURRENCY fiche jackets, 31/32. (Only in my own and private conversion of my copy of the almost complete Brookhave Press roll film edition of SOUND CURRENCY. - J.Z.

SWAN, KYLE S., Macroeconomics Reconsidered. - THE FREEMAN, Julyl 95, pp. 416-418.

SWANN, NANCY LEE, Food and Money in Ancient China. Princeton, 1950. - Paul Einzig, How Money Is Managed. The Ends & Means of Monetary Policy.

SWANN, ROBERT, Borsodi's Search for Honest Money. GREEN REVOLUTION 40, no. 3, Fall 1983. . - Fred E. Foldvary, “… The Credit Exchange Alternative for Market Coordination.”

SWANN, ROBERT, Building a Community Banking System. In: MOREHOUSE, WARD, Building Sustainable Communities. Tools and Concepts for Self-reliant Economic Change, editor, chapter 25, pp.163-167.

SWANN, ROBERT, Community Survival in the Age of Inflation. For a copy of the Robert Swann paper, (which lays out the ideas behind the Berkshares program) send a buck or two to the E. F. Schumacher Society, Box 76, RD 3, Great Barrington, MA 01230. - Boog Highberger, 1987.

SWANN, ROBERT, I.I.I. NEWSLETTER, October 1971 issue, 4pp, in PEACE PLANS 793.

SWANN, ROBERT, Some letters on monetary reform. 29x, in PEACE PLANS 586/587.

SWANN, ROBERT, The Place of a Local Currency in a World Economy: Towards an Economy of Permanence. 14pp. (On "Berkshares", at least one page appears missing.) 48x, in PEACE PLANS 739.

SWANSON, WILLLIAM W., The Crisis of 1860 and the First Issue of Clearing House Loan Certificates. JOURNAL POL. ECON., Vol. XVI (1908). - Redlich

SWARTZ, CLARENCE LEE, What Is Mutualism? In collaboration with The Mutalist Associates, 1927, introd. by Prof. P. A.Wadia, Modern Publishers Indore, 1945, 253pp, 24x, PEACE PLANS 197. - Now online at www.panarchy.org

SWEEZY, PAUL M., Keynes the Economist. In: The New Economics: Keynes's Influence on Theory and Public Policy, ed. Seymour E. Harris. Dobson, London 1960. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies. - Was he really an economist or rather a dogmatist? - J.Z., 3.6.10.

SWEEZY, PAUL M., The Theory of Capitalist Development. 1970. New York: Modern Reader Paperbacks. - Frank Vorhies

SWIFT, JONATHAN, Contributions to the "EXAMINER". 1710. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935.

SWINBANK, A., Can the EEC reform the Common Agricultural Policy?. Institut Valencia d'Economia Papers de Treball 4. (1988) - Dowd

SWINBANK, A. Cognitations on the CAP. DISCUSSION PAPER 86.3, Reading: Department of Agricultural Economics and Management, University of Reading. (1986) - Dowd

SWISHER, CARL BRENT, Roger B. Taney. New York: Macmillan, 1935. - Temin.

SYKES, ERNEST, Banking and Currency. With an introduction by F. E. Steele, London, Butterworth & Co., Law Publishers, 1905, with bibliographic notes 244pp, plus an index of 14pp. I have also the ninth edition, ibid, 1947, with bibliography and index 247pp. It does not seem to be revised and updated, apart from the paging and the test questions, which are only in the older edition. - J.Z. - JZL.

SYKES, J., The Amalgamation Movement in English Banking, 1825-1924. (1926). - Cottrell & Anderson, Money & Banking in England. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

SYLLA, RICHARD EUGENE, LEGLER, JOHN B. & WALLIS, JOHN JOSEPH, Banks and State Public Finance in the New Republic: The United States, 1790-1860. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY 48, June 1987, pp.391-403.

SYLLA, RICHARD EUGENE, American Banking and Growth in the Nineteenth Century: A Partial View of the Terrain. EXPLORATIONS IN ECONOMIC HISTORY, 9, Winter 1971/72, pp.197-127. - Hummel’s note: “See Redlich’s reply: Fritz Redlich, “American Banking and and Growth in the Nineteenth Century: Epistemological Reflections, EXPLORATIONS IN ECONOMIC HISTORY, 10, (Spring 1973), pp.305-314; and Sylla’s rebuttal: Richard E. Sylla, “Economic History ‘von unten nach oben’ and ‘von oben nach unten’” - A Reply to Fritz Redlich”, EXPLORATIONS IN ECONOMIC HISTORY, 10, (Spring 1973), pp.315-318. - Hummel

SYLLA, RICHARD EUGENE, American Capital Market 1846-1914. Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1969. - Klebaner SYLLA,

SYLLA, RICHARD EUGENE, Early American banking: the significance of the corporate form. Business and Economic History 14: 105-23. (1985) - Dowd

SYLLA, RICHARD EUGENE, Federal Policy, Banking Market Structure, and Capital Mobilization in the United States, 1863-1913. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY, XXIX (December, 1969), 657-86. - Rockoff (1975).

SYLLA, RICHARD EUGENE, Forgotten Men of Money: Private Bankers in Early US History. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY 36: March 1976, 173-88. - Mentioned by Timberlake in connection with scrip issues.

SYLLA, RICHARD EUGENE, The American Capital Market, 1846-1914: A Study of the Effects of Public Policy on Economic Development. Doctoral Thesis, Harvard University, 1968. - 1975. - Dissertations in American Economic History, An Arno Press Collection.

SYLLA, RICHARD EUGENE, The Forgotten Private Banker. THE FREEMAN, April 95, pp. 210-214.

SYLLA, RICHARD EUGENE, The United States 1863-1913. (1972) In: Cameron (ed.) (1972) Banking and Economic Development, Oxford University Press. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System.

SYLLA, RICHARD EUGENE, The United States, 1863-1913. In: R. Cameron (ed.) Banking and Economic Development: Some Lessons of History, New York: Oxford University Press. (1972)

SYMONS, J., The Demand for Labour in British Manufacturing. Centre for Labour Economics, London School of Economics, 1981. - Samuel Brittan, in Hobart Paper 90. - It is, largely, limited to the amounts that the central bank makes available for wage and salary payments and thus to consumers, whose income depends on their earnings from working. Manufacturers and Businessmen are not free to issue their own exchange media for this purpose, alone or in association with each other. Thus their monetary demand is determined by a monopoly supplier of exchange media. When they and thus their employees and also the consumers are insufficiently supplied with them, then not only many of the employees are unemployed or under-employed but also many of the employers. The “economics” of Labour-people does usually ignore that factor or hopes to solve it, contrary to all experiences, in a state-socialist way, which leads to many inflations, deflations and stagflations, and their various wrongful and harmful effects upon the labor market. - J.Z., 13.4.10.

SYRETT, HAROLD C. & COOKE, JACOB E., The Papers of Alexander Hamilton. 1963. (Eds.)Vol. VII, September 1790-January 1791; Columbia University Press, New York and London. - Schilke & Solomon, America’s Foreign Coins … with Legal Tender Status in the US 1793-1857.

SYRETT, HAROLD C., Andrew Jackson. Makers of the American Tradition series. Indianapolis, 1953. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

 

T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T

TABARROK, ALEXANDER, Separation of Commercial and Investment Banking: The Morgans vs. The Rockefellers. - Vol. 1 Num. 1 - Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics - Online at the Mises Institute. - I consider the separation of note-issue banking from capital investment banking to be even more important. - J.Z., 19.5.10.

TADDEI, D., Plein emploi ou stabilité des prix. Cujas, 1968. - Flamant.

TAEUBER, WALTER, Dr., Private Geldschöpfungsversuche. ca. 1933/ 34, 91 S., in PEACE PLANS 791, incomplete. Page 23 is missing and wanted. Good on emergency money issues and clearing attempts. On the German "Ausgleichskassen". Beckerath used to say that they were clearing centres that didn't clear. The monetary theory of the whole is so poor that, at first, I was not tempted to transcribe this work or translate it. But it is not bad as a materials collection. T. was private lecturer at the Berlin University, thus in East Berlin a usable copy could, perhaps, still be obtained. - J.Z.) - Probably spelled “TÄUBER”. Alas, German “Umlaute” are not on English language keyboards. The paper original for the microfiche edition was, alas, also transcribed by me on an Australian keyboard: Taeuber. - I will not waste my time in digging up my flawed photocopy. - J.Z., 16.7.10.

TAINE, HENRI, L'Ancien Régime. Paris, 1891.

TAKEOVERS AND CORPORATE CONTROLS, Towards a New Regulatory Environment, The Proceedings of 2 CIS conferences, 1986. CIS, 1987, 246pp, 36x, in PEACE PLANS 718.

TALLMADGE, NATHANIEL P., Remarks of Mr. Tallmadge in Defense of New York Against the Charge of Bank Influence in the Result of their Election. Washington, D.C.: Madisonian, 1838. - SHADE, G. W. (1972)

TALMUD, Geldtheorie des Talmud, Auszug von?, zum Gebrauch in einer Talmud Schule in Wilna. Zander schenkte es an Ulrich von Beckerath und es verbrannte bei ihm. Ulrich von Beckerath sagte mir oft dass der Judaism, mit seinem Talmud die einzige Religion sei, die er kenne, welche Ehrlichkeit in Geldangelegenheiten, z.B. bei Münzverschlechterungen, zu einer relgiösen Pflicht gemacht hat - für die Schuldner. Sie müssten in vollen Silber oder Goldgewichtseinheiten zurückzahlen und nicht in verschlechterten Münzen zu ihrem nominalen Wert. (So weit es ihnen möglich ist. Ausnahmen wurden nur erlaubt wenn die Schuldner selbst in entwerteten Münzen bezahlt worden waren. Die entsprechenden Stellen sollten weitgehend veröffentlicht werden, wenigstens in den Hauptsprachen. - Sie sind viel wichtiger als viele der religiösen Rituale. - J.Z., 8.2.10. - (An extract from the Talmud, on the monetary Theory of the Talmud, for the use of a Talmud school in Wilna. Dr. Walter Zander once made a present of it to Ulrich von Beckerath and it burnt with his library. U. v. Beckerath, atheist, who knew much about several religions, told me that Judaism would be the only religion that he knew of, which insists upon stable value reckoning honesty in credit transactions, as far as is humanly possible, i.e., excluding it only if oneself is paid in depreciated currency - and to that extent. - I would gladly reproduce the relevant passages - if someone supplied them to me, in German or English. - J.Z.) - This might be one small step to fight the wrongs and absurdities of antisemitism. - J.Z., 9.2.10.

TAMAGNA, FRANK, Central Banking in Latin America. 1965, Mexico City, Centro de Estudios Monetarias Latinoamericanos. - Schuler

TAME, CHRIS R., Molinari bibliography. - Molinari bibliography (PDF file - also available in French) - Many years ago, at the university of NSW library, in Sydney, I saw a book-sized bibliography of the writings of Molinari. Then I did not take the time to check out whether any of them did also deal with monetary freedom. David Hart is a Molinari specialist. He should know - but I also failed to ask him! - J.Z., 21.5.10.

TANDY GIFT CERTIFICATES, 1p, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 731.

TANDY, FRANCIS DASHWOOD, Free Competition. An Outline of the Principles of Philosophical Anarchism. Columbus Junction, Liberty Library No.6, Iowa, 1894, 1896. 14pp, in PEACE PLANS 968. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State. Rocker mentions him as a mutual banking advocate.

TANDY, FRANCIS DASHWOOD, Modern Socialistic Tendencies. Columbus Junction, Iowa, 1897, (Liberty Library No. 4). - James J. Martin, Men Against the State. - 13pp, in PEACE PLANS 1,000. - Deals with anarchist socialism or socialistic anarchism, even of the individualist anarchist or voluntary socialism type. - J.Z.

TANDY, FRANCIS DASHWOOD, Voluntary Socialism. Denver, Colorado, Francis D. Tandy, Publisher, (self-published.) 1896. (Among Henry Meulen’s books, Goldsmith Collection, London.) indexed, with bibliography, 228 pages, JZL. With a dedication by the author: “To Benjamin R. Tucker, editor of ‘LIBERTY’, whose lucid writings and Seathing Criticisms Have Done so much To Dispel The Clouds of Economic Superstitions, This Little Book Is Affectionately Dedicated By His Pupil.” - Rocker, Rudolf, Pioneers of American Freedom, mentions him thrice and that he died early. I could not find a death date for him in any of the Goldsmith Collection references that I had time to consult or in any of my own. The same applied, there, to all the other obscure monetary freedom writers that I am interested in. Who knows some or all the death dates of such writers and can supply references? Under the new copyrights acts one may not be able to reproduce these writings from public libraries without such proofs! - So I thought that it should be in a DENVER public library. - When I finally got around to visit that library, in which Tandy used to work, I was only allowed to photocopy half that book and had to apply in writing for the reproduction of the second half! I did apply and never heard of these "public servants" again. That was 20 years ago. Luckily, then Dr. J. J. Martin could supply me with a copy and its 213 pp were finaly microfilmed in PEACE PLANS 968. - Some librarians sit like the legendary dragon on their treasures! - Their legal and juridical position forces them to act in this way or they think so. Anyhow, most of them could not care less about such texts. - At least a flawed photocopy was supplied to me by Tracy Harms & David Tyson. In the meantime, somebody, hopefully, may already have digitized this work. If not, I may have to do it myself - one of these days. - J.Z., 23.3.10., 19.5.10. - JZL.

T'ANG, LEANG-LI, China's New Currency System. Shanghai: China United Press, 1936. - Friedman, M., Money Mischief.

TANKERVILLE, THE EARL OF, Poverty Amidst Plenty. 1934. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935. - Monetary and financial despotism does, relatively, even impoverish the rich. Under full monetary and financial freedom the road to riches would be open to all - who are willing to engage in the mental and physical efforts that are required. - J.Z., 30.3.10. - Even under the still all too limited economic liberties of some Western democracies, some poor immigrant families went from almost rags to relative riches in one generation, usually as a result of hard work. - Under full monetary and financial freedom it would be much easier and faster for them. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

TANNEHILL, M. & L., The Market for Liberty. Lansing, Mich.: published privately. (1970)  - Dowd

TANNER, EARL C., Rhode Island, A Brief History. Rhode Island State Board of Education, 1955, indexed and with bibliography, 172pp. Bought in the hope of finding something on its free banking tradition, with one bank for as little as 2000 people. It has a chapter on money and banking, pages 99 to 107. They bring many interesting details but did not yet satisfy my curiosity. The banks that failed were mainly land banks, whose money was made legal tender, or banks whose “cover” were government securities. The article concludes that the FED system was the savior of Rhode Island, as far as money supply is concerned. It started out all right by remarking: “The demand for currency in frontier areas is frequently out of balance with the supply. Such was the case in colonial Rhode Island.” - Its self-help measures are not sufficiently described, at least not in this book. Seeing the present ignorance and prejudices on money, we should, naturally, not be surprised when then and there also some errors and prejudices were applied. - J.Z., 3.6.10. - JZL.

TANY, See: STEINER, BERNARD C., Taney's Correspondence with Van Buren. MARYLAND MAGAZINE OF HISTORY 8 (Dec. 1913): 305-26. - SHADE, G. W. (1972)

TAPPAN, BENJAMIN. Papers. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. - Also in: Ohio Historical Society, Columbus, Ohio. - SHADE, G. W. (1972), Manuscripts TATE, Cambist, a more detailed account of market operations and foreign currencies. - Sykes, Ernest, Banking and Currency, 9th ed., 1947.

TARN, ALBERT, A Free Currency: What it Means, How it Can Be Established, and What it Can Accomplish. London, 1889. - Roscher: Pioneers. - I have never even seen a copy of it. - J.Z., 19.5.10. - By now all such writings could and should be offered on a single disc! Who will help to bring this about?

TARN, ALBERT, The Individual and the State. London, 1891, 10pp. (Meulen books, Goldsmith Collection) - Still out of my sight and reach - unless someone has already put it online. - J.Z., 3.6.10. - I just tried, in vain, to find some of his monetary digitized texts online. - J.Z., 16.7.10.

TAUB, BART. Private Fiat Money with Many Suppliers. JOURNAL OF MONETARY ECONOMICS 16 (September 1985): 195-208. - White, Competition & Currency. - Only monopoly money with legal tender can be “fiat money”. The title makes an absurd assumption or shows a careless use of the term “fiat money” even for soundly issued private currencies, printed on paper but not using a mere “paper” value standard, unless it is a more or less sound index standard. - As if private suppliers could issue legal tender bank notes! It is a great mistake to call any notes without metallic cover and redemption by the issuer a mere "fiat" currency. When they depend on voluntary acceptance and may be freely refused or discounted, then they are thereby, by definition, not fiat money. - Nor does it make sense to call them mere “fiat money” when, in reality, they get their purchasing power from their “ticket-value”, given to them by their issuers, for the purchase of wanted consumer goods or services from them, with these notes, tickets, vouchers, clearing-house certificates etc. as well as the goods, services and labor priced out in value standards that are acceptable to the exchangers. - J.Z., 19.5.10. - I wish I were a millionaire - in private “fiat” money! - J.Z., 3.6.10.

TAUS, ESTER ROGOFF, Central Banking Functions of the United States Treasury, 1789-1941. New York: Russell, 1943. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking. - New York: Columbia University Press, 1943. - Rockoff (1975). - What genuine functions has the treasurer of a robber band? - J.Z., 4.4.10.

TAUSSIG, F. W., International Trade. New York, 1928. - Max Franzke, Untergang der Welt-Goldwährung? 1931.

TAUSSIG, F. W., Principles of Economics. Vol. I, New York, 1921. - Schilke & Solomon, America’s Foreign Coins … with Legal Tender Status in the US 1793-1857. - New York, 1923. - Carothers, Fractional Money. - J. D. Unwin, Hopousia, 1940.

TAUSSIG, F. W., Tariff History of the United States. New York, 1905. - Reginald Charles McGrane, The Panic of 1837, 1924.

TAUSSIG, F. W., The Silver Situation in the United States. 2d ed. New York, 1896. - White, Horace, (1895ff.) - 3rd ed. N.Y., 1898. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S.

TAVANNES, see: De SAULX.

TAVISTOCK, LORD, Poverty and Over-Taxation, 1931. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935. - All taxation not based upon consent by individuals is “over-taxation”. Then it is not a price or a subscription but an imposed tribute. All tributes impoverish. They are single-convenience relationships, not mutual convenience relationships, to speak in Don Werkheiser’s terms. Free prices or subscriptions enrich buyers and sellers. - J.Z., 30.3.10.

TAVISTOCK, Marquis of, Poverty & Over-Taxation, the Way out, 56 pp, n.d., Portsmouth, with notes by Meulen. (Meulen books, Goldsmith Collection) - Same text as above but with different title and author indication? - J.Z.

TAWNEY, R. H. & POWER, E., Tudor Economic Documents. (New York: Barnes and Noble, 1963) Vol. Ill, pp. 338-341. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

TAWNEY, R. H. Religion and the Rise of Capitalism. London, 1926. - Groseclose, Money & Man.

TAWNEY, R. H., The Acquisitive Society. New York, 1920. - Groseclose, Money & Man.

TAXAY, DON, Counterfeit, Mis-Struck and Unofficial U.S. Coins. Arco, N.Y., 1963. “Represented return of "higher criticism" to numismatic writing, effective exposure of inner history of U.S. Mint chicanery of 19th century; a prominent New York dealer threatened injunction to block release.” - Alexander, Coin World, Cat. & Encyclopedia.

TAXAY, DON, Money of the American Indians, and Other Primitive Currencies of the Americas. New York: Numus Press, 1970. - This is an excellent source of information on aboriginal currency in America. - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

TAXAY, DON, The Comprehensive Catalogue and Encyclopedia of United States Coins. New York: Scott Publishing Company, 1970. - This work contains a brief outline of the private gold coiners and a fairly comprehensive amount of photographs. - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns. - 2d ed., rev. and ed. Joseph H. Rose and Howard Hazelcorn. New York: Scott Publishing Co., 1976. - DOTY (1978). (Doty for one or the other reason, put the author’s name in brackets. With them the name does not sort well enough. - J.Z.)

TAXAY, DON, The U.S. mint and coinage: An illustrate history form 1776 to the present. New York, Arco, 1966. - Rolnick & Weber, Winter 1986.

TAYLOR, A. M., Gilletts, Bankers at Banbury and Oxford. (Oxford 1964) “… shows the development of one particular country bank in the nineteenth century.” - Cottrell & Anderson, Money & Banking in England.

TAYLOR, BAYARD, Eldorado or Adventures in the Path of Empire. New York: George P. Putnam, 1850, 1854. - Reprinted by Alfred P. Knopf; New York, 1949. Contains a couple of interesting references to the Miner's Bank. - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S. [El Dorado]

TAYLOR, CHARLES, Hegel. Cambridge University Press 1975. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

TAYLOR, D., The mismanaged float: official intervention by the industrialized countries. (1982b) In: M. B. Connolly (ed.) The International Monetary System: Choices for the Future, Praeger, Ch.3. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System.

TAYLOR, DAVID & ZUBE, JOHN, On money, in Feb/Mar/89 letters, 2pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 867, letter to J.Z., 26 Dec. 88, 2pp, in PEACE PLANS 812. (D.T. died in 1990.)

TAYLOR, DAVID, An Examination of Monetary and Banking Practices, with special reference to some of the errors of Mark Tier, Social Credit, and the "financial conspiracists”. 2nd. version, ca. Jan. 1987, 11pp, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 740. The first version of this article, with letters, D.T. to J.Z., 1 Sep. 86, J.Z. to D.T., 10 Sep 86, in PEACE PLANS 656.

TAYLOR, DEAN, Official Intervention in the Foreign Exchange Market, or, Bet Against the Central Bank. (1982a): JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, Vol. 90, pp. 356-68. - DOWD, Private Money.

TAYLOR, DEAN, The Mismanaged Float: Official Intervention by the Industrialized Countries. (1982b): in Michael B. Connolly (ed.), The International Monetary System: Choices for the Future, New York: Praeger. - DOWD, Private Money.

TAYLOR, F. S., Scottish Banks in the 18th Century. SJPE, 1965. - Munn

TAYLOR, GEORGE, Savings Banks and Country Banks. 1824. QUARTERLY REVIEW 31, (December): 128-45.- White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

TAYLOR, GEORGE, The Scotch Currency System and Sir Robert Peel. 1848, London, Effingham Wilson. - White

TAYLOR, J., Discretion versus Policy Rules in Practice. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 39, pp. 195-241, 1993. - Gonzalo Schwarz - Neither side seems to wants voluntarism, competition, free enterprise and market pricing in this sphere. Individual monetary rights and liberties are ignored. - J.Z., 5.3.10.

TAYLOR, JAMES, A Letter to his Grace, the Duke of Wellington, on Currency. London, 1823(?) 1833?). - Meulen books, with 2 letters and index, Goldsmith Collection. London.

TAYLOR, JAMES, A View of the Money System of England from the Conquest. 1828. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935. - 1829. - Robert Carnaghan

TAYLOR, JAMES, The Scotch Currency System and Sir Robert Peel. 1848. London, Effingham Wilson.

TAYLOR, JOHN, A Catechism of the Currency. 3rd. ed. 1836. - Carnaghan. - London, 1835 edition in: Meulen books, Goldsmith Collection, and thus inaccessible to the public, at least for photocopying - unless you can prove that and when the author has died. For copyrights purposes they may expect people to live to be 200! - J.Z.

TAYLOR, JOHN, An Inquiry into the Principles and Policy of the Government of the United States. Fredericksburg, Va., 1814. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960. - Too few genuine principles and all too many unprincipled policies! - J.Z., 15.4.10.

TAYLOR, K. W., Canadian War-time Price Controls, 1941-46. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE, February 1947. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

TAYLOR, PAIGE, Consumer Authority Raids Outback Lender. THE AUSTRALIAN, 29.1.10, www.theaustralian.com.au - page 2: “Investigators seeking evidence of Sam Tomarchio’s unlicenced loans to local Aborigines.” - “... he has neither a credit provider’s licence nor the necessary exemptions.” … “Mr. Tomarchio said at the time that he lent between $ 3,000 and $ 5,000 a day at an interest rate of 33 per cent.” - “Conducting business as a credit provider without the appropriate licence is an offence with a fine of up to $10.000 in WA. - Consumer Protection also has the option of launching civil action against anyone it believes has operated without the appropriate licence. In the event of a successful civil action, an unlicensed credit provider could be forced to pay up to $ 500,000.” - Thus, if I made a loan to my children or grandchildren, I could be thus fined, , quite legally - if the bureaucrats wanted to, at least if I lived in Western Australia. I doubt that this kind of “protective” legislation is any better in the other Australian States. - A hint at the “freedom” of banking and credit in Australia. How much business would this money lender have had - if the licenced banks provided this kind of service to Aborigines and did it better and cheaper? - Always a law, a regulation, a politician or a bureaucrat gets between people wishing do do their own things, undisturbed by them. - J.Z., 24.2.10.

TAYLOR, W. B., Pioneer Reminescenes [sic]." CLOVERDALE (Cal.) WEEKLY REVEILLE, March 7-April 25, 1896. - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

TAYLOR, W. G. LANGWORTHY, The Credit System. 1913, by Macmillan and Company, Ltd. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935.

TCHIHATCHEF, Asie Mineure. Paris, 1853. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

TEARE, H. E., Australian Banking Currency and Exchange. Sydney, 1926. - GOLLIN, The Commonwealth Bank of A. - Mills & Walker, Money, 1935-1952.

TELEGRAPH, WIRTSCHAFTSREDAKTION DES, Doppelte Geldreform in Berlin. Gesetzestexte und Erläuterungen für West- und Ost-Berlin. 1. Aufl., 1958, mit Sachregister, 128 S. - JZL. - Alas, only a „competition“ between 2 different kinds of State paper money, both monopoly monies and both with legal tender, was the result of this „reform“. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

TELE-TRADE USA, 12 Precious Metal Investment Techniques. 10pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 738.

TELLKAMPF, JOHANN LUDWIG, Die Prinzipien des Geld- und Bankwesens. Berlin, Puttkammer &, Mühlbrecht, 1867. - SMITH, VERA C. - Berlin: J. Springer. - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

TELLKAMPF, JOHANN LUDWIG, Essays on Law Reform, Commercial Policy, Banks, Penitentiaries, etc., in Great Britain and the United States of America. London, Williams & Norgate, 1859. - SMITH, VERA C.

TELLKAMPF, JOHANN LUDWIG, Über die neuere Entwicklung des Bankwesens in Deutschland mit Hinweis auf dessen Vorbilder in England, Schottland, und Nordamerika und auf die französische Société générale de Crédit mobilier. - 2, Aufl., 1856, 76 S., with notes by J.Z., in PEACE PLANS 738. (One should also listen to one's enemy.) - 4th ed. Breslau: Morgenstern, 1857. - SMITH, VERA C.

TELSCHOW, R., Der Geschäftsverkehr mit der Reichsbank. 12. Aufl. Leipzig 1908. - Obst. - Die Praxis von Privilegien sollte nicht mit einem ehrlichen und freien Geschäftsverkehr gleichgesetzt werden. - J.Z., 14.3.10.

TEMIN, PETER, Did Monetary Forces Cause the Great Depression? (1976) W. W. Norton. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System. - Did Monetary Forces Cause the Great Depression?, www.questia.com  Recent Book Additions, copied: 11.1.04. - Monetary despotism did, not monetary freedom! Did Temin recognize that? - J.Z., 12.7.04. - One should distinguish between market forces in the monetary and financial spheres and the use of political force in these spheres. Only the latter causes economic crises. The former prevents them. - J.Z., 19.5.10.

TEMIN, PETER, The Causes of Cotton-Price Fluctuations in the 1830's. Review  of Economics and Statistics, XLIX (Nov., 1967), 463-470. - Temin.

TEMIN, PETER, The Economic Consequences of the Bank War. THE JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, LXXVI, March/April, 196877 257-274. - Rockoff (1975).

TEMIN, PETER, The Jacksonian Economy. W. W. Norton & Co. Inc., 1969, indexed, with bibliography, 208pp. - JZL. - Rockoff (1975).

TEMPLE, R. C., Beginnings of Currency. 1899. JOURNAL OF THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE n.s. 29(2). - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

TERBORGH, GEORGE, The Bogey of Economic Maturity. Critical of Keynes. - Hint by? (Got lost in the sorting!)

TERHALLE, F., Währung und Valuta. Jena 1919. - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen.

TERRELL, TIMOTHY E., Family-Wrecking Tax. - The Free Market (Mises Institute), October 1997, Volume 15, Number 10. Related: Taxation - Online at the Mises Institute.

TERRELL, TIMOTHY, E., The End of Money and the Struggle for Financial Privacy, by Richard W. Rahn. - Vol. 2 Num. 2 - Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics - Online at the Mises Institute.

TERRES, PAUL, Die Logik einer wettbewerblichen Geldordnung. - Broschiert - 393 Seiten (1999) http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/tg/stores/detail/-/books/316147127X/reviews/ref=cm_rev_more/302-9397210-5693631#5 - Rezensionen: Pressenotiz, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 10.07.2000: Terres geht hier - so Karen Horn - der Frage nach, wieso es in der Geldpolitik keinen Wettbewerb gibt und wieso die Notenbanken über ein (staatliches) "Emissionsmonopol" verfügen. Dabei gehe der Autor davon aus, dass es "kein allgemein gültiges Urteil" darüber gibt, welchen Faktoren in der Geldpolitik Priorität einzuräumen sei: Stabilität, Inflations- oder Wechselkursziele, Geldmengensteuerung? Terres plädiert, so Horn, für den geldpolitischen Wettbewerb, bei dem "private Notenbanken über das Vehikel ihres guten Rufs miteinander konkurrieren", angelehnt an das "Free Banking in Schottland (1716 bis 1844)", bei dem der Staat zwar die Rahmenbedingungen schafft, sich ansonsten aber weitgehend heraushält. Horn hält dies zwar nicht gerade für "realistisch", lobt aber die Überlegungen des Autors als "nachdenkenswert, logisch erquicklich". - © Perlentaucher Medien GmbH - Kurzbeschreibung: Läßt sich der Wettbewerb als Ordnungsprinzip bei der Geldemission verwirklichen? Ist privater Geldwettbewerb funktionsfähig und sinnvoll, oder muß am staatlichen Notenbankmonopol festgehalten werden? Paul Terres entwirft einen wettbewerblichen Ordnungsrahmen, innerhalb dessen sich vorteilhafte monetäre Institutionen und Geldsysteme fortentwickeln können. Die Logik einer wettbewerblichen Geldordnung liegt darin, daß innerhalb einer solchen Ordnung vorteilhaftere Geldsysteme entdeckt und durchgesetzt werden können. Der Mißbrauch, den die Regierungen mit dem staatlichen Notenmonopol immer wieder betrieben haben, wird in einer Wettbewerbsordnung verhindert. Der Autor zeigt, daß eine wettbewerbliche Geldordnung bessere Voraussetzungen für gutes Geld bietet als die monopolistische Geldpolitik staatlicher Regierungen oder 'unabhängiger' Zentralbanken. Für die geldtheoretische Analyse bringt eine monetäre Wettbewerbsordnung revolutionäre Veränderungen mit sich. Eine Neuinterpretation monetärer Zusammenhänge wird erforderlich, die die gängige Geldtheorie als weitgehend veraltet erscheinen läßt. - TM, 06.

TERRIEN (de Lacouperie), Paper Money of China. London, 1882. - Alexander Del Mar, History of Money in America, 1889, 1968.

TEW, BRIAN, International Monetary Co-operation, 1945-1952. London, 1952. - Paul Einzig, How Money Is Managed. The Ends & Means of Monetary Policy. - I would not call this governmental meddling - of territorial governments with private and voluntary exchanges - “cooperation”. - Perhaps nothing is more abused than the language. - J.Z., 25.3.10.

THAYER, Legal Tender in Legal Essays, 1908. - Quoted by Holzer. LMP wants a copy.

THAYER, THEODORE, The Land-Bank System in the American Colonies. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY 13 (1953), p. 148. - Klebaner

THE ANSWER, A FREE-ECONOMY PUBLICATION, Expounding the social economic conditions and its consequences in all phases of human and social life in the light of Silvio Gesell’s original, irrefutable, scientific teachings.” No. 59, Third Quarter 1968, No. 83, Third Quarter 1974 & No. 90, second Quarter 1976. - JZL. - Some people condemn themselves already by their own statements. - Gesell, as an anarchist, would probably have said: I am not a Gesellian! Just like Marx said: I am not a Marxist! - with regard to some of his dogmatic followers. - But then Marx himself was already much of a dogmatist and hardly an anarchist, although he expected an almost paradisical, and class-less society, with freedom, justice, peace and prosperity for all to arise out of his statist and totalitarian system. - But then the Welfare Statists are not sufficiently better in expecting genuine welfare to arise from their form of statist interventionism. - J.Z., 19.5.10.

THE ANTI-BANK DEMOCRAT, New York, January-August, 1842 (monthly). - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

THE BANKERS, Credit Cards: (1) The case for the credit card; (2) A reader's guide; (3) Are credit cards inflationary?", July 1966, pp.444-54. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972.

THE DIEBOLD GROUP, INC., Summary Report of a Survey on the Impact of Electronics on Money and Credit. New York, The Diebold Group, Inc., 1967. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972.

THE ECONOMIST, July 2, 1966, p.15. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

THE ECONOMIST, Why Not Let It Alone? THE ECONOMIST, London, Vol. 89, September 6, 1919. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

THE FINANCIAL PLANNER, Super-Inflation and the Money Debt Supply. June 1979, 2150 Parklake Drive, N.W., Suite 260, Atlanta, GA 30345. Hint by David E. Rhoads, in 1979. Address now probably out of date but if this publication still exists, then it could be found online. - J.Z., 11.3.10.

THE FOURTH WORLD REVIEW, 24 Abercorn Place, London NW8, England. - Greco (1990)

THE FREE NATION, The Fatal Temptation. (London: National Association for Freedom) September 3, 1976, p.9. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

THE FREEMAN, February 1955. - The Freeman Feburary 1955 Should We Trade with Russia? - V. Orval Watts; Yalta: Anniversary of Humiliation - William Henry Chamberlin; "Uraniumaires" - Frank Chodorov; Does Government Spending Bring Prosperity? - Percy L. Greaves; Religious Roots of Liberty - Edmund A. Opitz; Fundamentals of Education - Nellie K. Wadhams; Tribunes of the People - James Burnham; 1929: Then and Now - Hans F. Sennholz; The Government's Freight Business - Paul L. Poirot; The American Way - E. Gordon Fox - Old Freeman - Online at the Mises Institute. - I stressed in red a title I find interesting. - J.Z.

THE FREEMAN, May 1954. - The Freeman May 1954 Investigation and Civil Liberty - C. Dickerman Williams; Exchange Controls Must Go - Wilhelm Röpke; The Risk in Hawaiian Statehood - Harold Lord Varney; Will the South Secede? - George S. Schuyler; Soviet Trade: Who Gains? - Leo Dudin; More Rope for Our Hanging - Eugene Lyons -  Old Freeman - Online at the Mises Institute. I stressed in red a title I find interesting. - J.Z.

THE FREEMAN, MAY 1955. The Freeman May 1955 Guaranteeing Your Income - F. A. Harper; Capitalism for the Many - Edward Maher; Death and Taxes-Except for Coops - Leonard E. Read; A Strange Alliance - Edmund A. Opitz; The Experiment-"Noble in Purpose" - John T. Flynn; Sources of Tax Reduction - Harley L. Lutz; Even Lincoln Said It - Mallory Cross Johnson; What Would You Call Mr. Hoiles? - Thaddeus Ashby - Old Freeman - Online at the Mises Institute. - I stressed in red a title I find interesting. - J.Z. - By May 2010, all issues of THE FREEMAN of THE FOUNDATION FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION (FEE), that was started by Leonard E. Read, are online! It contains numerous articles on monetary and financial freedom, although it has not, to my knowledge, explored all of the monetary freedom options, not reproducing e.g. texts of the Swiss, German and Jewish School for Monetary Freedom - of the 1930’s. - J.Z., 19.5.10.

THE INDIVIDUALIST, London, June 1947 - December 1974, incomplete, 1315 pages, in PEACE PLANS 1634-1636. - Editor & Publisher: Henry Meulen, author of “Free Banking”, deceased 1978. The titles reproduced there, are listed in the contents list of this PEACE PLANS issue. He wrote so many little notes on monetary freedom, that I do not intend to list them separately. - J.Z., 27.2.10.

THE LOGIC OF ACTION ONE: METHOD, MONEY, AND THE AUSTRIAN SCHOOL, (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 1997) - No author mentioned on Mises Institute site. - J.Z.

THE MAIN STREET JOURNAL, edited by F. Tupper Saussy. - a lively monthly "dedicated to keeping local government obedient to the Constitution." The only periodical in the world reporting how citizens are asserting their economic rights on Main Street. Spencer Judd, Publishers, Post Office Box 143, Sewanee, TN 37375. - So far there are many disagreements on monetary rights and liberties. Each partisan claims that is version is the correct one. Very few are tolerant towards the tolerant practice of other systems. - J.Z., 15.4.10.

THE MUTUALIST, edited by E. H. Fulton, at Clinton, Iowa, 1925-1928. (LMP wants a copy.) - Perhaps this short-lived journal is already online? - J.Z., 16.7.10.

THE NEW REPUBLIC, The Meaning of the Barter Exchanges. Jan. 4, 1933. Extract. Reproduced by Edgar Milhaud, in his “Fresh Work Fresh Markets”, Appendix B, pp.253-256. - JZL.

THE NUMISMATIST, American Numismatic Association, Colorado Springs, Colorado, 1979 (92. Jahrg.) - Albert Pick

THE PEACEFUL REVOLUTIONIST, Devoted to The Practical Details of Equitable Commerce. Utopia, Ohio, 1848. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

THE SCOTCH BANKER, London, 1832, 175pp. (Meulen books, Goldsmith Collection)

THE WASHINGTON POST, January 30, 1977, p.A16. Ibid., April 29,1978, p. A16. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

THE WORKMAN'S BANK, a suggestion for the Trades Hall Council issued by the National Wealth Association, n.d. (Mitchell Library). - GOLLIN, The Commonwealth Bank of A.

THEISINGER, K. & LÖFFELHOLZ, J., Die Bank. 3 Bde. 1952. - Rittershausen, Wirtschaft, 1960 Auflage.

THEOBALD, ROBERT, America II: An Alternative Future for America. The Swallow Press, Chicago, 1968. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972.

THEOBALD, ROBERT, The Economics of Abundance: A Non-Inflationary Future. Pitman Publishing Corporation, New York, 1970. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972.

THIERS, ADOLPHE, History of the French Revolution. Engl. transl. Philadelphia, 1842.4 vols. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

THIERS, ADOLPHE, John Law and the Mississippi Bubble. (Law et son système des finances.). Paris, 1826. (American translation, 1859.) - Groseclose, Money & Man.

THIERS, LOUIS A., History of the French Revolution. 1840. Translated by Frederick Shoberl. 3 vols. Carey and Hart, Philadelphia, First edition in French, 1825. - A work that was highly recommended by Ulrich von Beckerath. After U. v. Bth’s library was destroyed in 1943 by an air raid on Berlin, when I met him, 1952, he had once again accumulated about 150 books on the French Revolution alone, which he considered to be a great lesson, in many ways, for the revolutionaries and liberators of our time. - J.Z., 12.6.10.

THIES, CLIFFORD F. & GERLOWSKI, DANIEL A., Deposit Insurance: A History of Failure. THE CATO JOURNAL, Winter 1989.

THIES, CLIFFORD F., Gold Bonds and Silver Agitation. - Vol. 8 Num. 4, Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics - Online at the Mises Institute.

THIRD WORLD DEBT WRITE-OFF, leaflet by West Brundswick CAA, 1p, 1989, in PEACE PLANS 913.

THISTLETHWAITHE, FRANK, The Great Experiment. (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1955). - Temin.

THOMAS, K., Ausleihungen, Diskontierungen und Wertpapieranlagen der Kreditbanken. In: Die Unternehmer im Markt, Bd.3, Berlin 1936. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank. - Unterscheidet er die erzwungenen Anlagen oder Anleihen? - J.Z., 31.3.10.

THOMAS, LEWIS, Language and Human Communication. Dialogue, vol. 8, 1975, no. 3/4, pp. 30-31, Washington D.C. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

THOMAS, M. W., A Survey of English Economic History. Edited by M. W. Thomas, Blackie & Son Ltd., London and Glasgow, 1957, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, indexed, but no bibliography, 536pp. - JZL.

THOMAS, R. G., Our Modern Banking and Monetary System. 2 Bände, in: War Department Education Manual, EM 756, 1944. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

THOMAS, S. EVELYN & MEGRAH, MAURICE, Principles of Banking. - Sykes, Ernest, Banking and Currency, 9th ed., 1947.

THOMAS, S. EVELYN, The Rise and Growth of Joint Stock Banking. Vol. I: Britain's to 1860. London, Pitman, 1934. - “a work that was never completed and there are no subsequent volumes.” - “The early history of joint stock banking is thoroughly dealt with.” - Cottrell & Anderson, Money & Banking in England. - Fetter, Development of British Monetary Orthodoxy 1797-1875. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain. - THOMAS, S. G., The Rise and Growth of Joint Stock Banking, London, 1934. - Cameron. - Should at least bring some interesting historical material. - J.Z.

THOMPSON & WEST, History of Placer County. California. Oakland, California: By the Authors, 1882. - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

THOMPSON, C. M., The Illinois Whig before 1841, in "UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS STUDIES," Vol. IV. - McGrane, The Panic of 1837.

THOMPSON, EARL A., The Theory of Money and Income Consistent with Orthodox Value Theory. in Samuelson, P. A., and Horwich, G., eds., Trade, Stability, and Macro-economics: Essays in Honor of Lloyd Meltzer, N.Y., Academic Press, 1974, 427-453. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition. 23 & 51)

THOMPSON, EARL A., Who Shall Control the Money Supply? AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, vol. 71, No. 2, May 1981, in PEACE PLANS 356-361. - JZL. - The voluntary issuers and acceptors! - J.Z., 16.7.10.

THOMPSON, F. P., Money in the Computer Age. 1968. - K. Ryan, 1990. - With cash I usually get past the cashier faster than those who pay with a credit card! - J.Z., 16.7.10.

THOMPSON, JOHN, The Case for the Credit Card. BANKER, July 1966, pp.444-46. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972.

THOMSON, JAMES B., Economic Principles and Deposit-Insurance Reform. ECONOMIC COMMENTARY, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, May 15, 1989, 4pp, microfiched in PEACE PLANS 1248.. - JZL.

THOMSON, WILLIAM, Dictionary of Banking. A Concise Encyclopedia of Banking Law and Practice. 7th ed., London, Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, 1930, 745pp. Typically, there is no entry under Free Banking. There are about 1. 1/2 pp on Legal Tender - but they contain nothing on its relationship to inflation! - JZL.

THOREAU, HENRY DAVID, Walden or Life in the Woods; On the Duty of Civil Disobedience. The New American Library, New York, 1960. - Smith, Jerome F., The Coming Currency Collapse, 1980.

THOREN, MARGARET, Figuring Out The FED. Truth in Money, Inc., P.O. Box 30, Chagrin Falls, OH 44022, 1985, 1993. - www.reinventingmoney.com

THOREN, THEODORE & WARNER, RICHARD, The Truth in Money Book. Revised second edition, Truth in Money, Inc., P.O. Box 30, Chagrin Falls, OH 40022, 1984. - Greco.

THORNBROUGH, GAYLE, Messages and Papers relating to the Administration of Samuel Bigger, Governor of Indiana, 1840-1843. (ed.) Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Bureau, 1964. - SHADE, G. W. (1972)

THORNLEY, KERRY WENDELL, How to Propagate Monetary Mutualism. PEACE PLANS 731.

THORNLEY, KERRY WENDELL, Legal Tender: Is It A Conspiracy? 5pp, SOUTHERN LIBERTARIAN MESSENGER, Nov. 81. In PEACE PLANS 793.

THORNLEY, KERRY WENDELL, Letter to SOUTHERN LIBERTARIAN MESSENGER, Nov. 81 on Fiat Money. (He plans a book on central banking.) 1p in PEACE PLANS 793. - Did this planned book ever appear? - J.Z., 3.6.10.

THORNTON, HENRY, An Enquiry into the Nature and Effects of the Paper Credit of great Britain, 1802, & The Evidence given by Henry Thornton before the Committees of Secrey of the Two Houses of Parliament on the Bank of England, March and April 1797, & Notes on Lord King's Thoughts on the Effects of the Bank Restriction, & Two Speeches of Henry Thornton on the Bullion Report, May 1811. - Edited with an introduction by F. A. v. Hayek, 1939 (2nd edn.), Allen & Unwin. - New York: Farrar & Rinehart, Inc., 1939. - Antony C. Sutton, The War on Gold. - Augustus M. Kelley, 1965. - Barry N. Siegel, Money in Crisis. Again, by Kelley Publishers, Fairfield, 1978 - 368 pp, with a 50 page introduction by F. A. Hayek. LFB sale $12.50. - (JZL) - An Enquiry into the Nature and Effects of the Paper Credit of Great Britain - Related: Books Online Books

THORNTON, HENRY, Henry Thornton Papers. In possession of Mr. E. M. Forster, King's College, Cambridge. - Fetter, Development of British Monetary Orthodoxy 1797-1875.

THORNTON, HENRY, Two Speeches on the Bullion Report. An Enquiry into the Paper Credit of Great Britain, 1811. - 1978, New York, A. M. Kelley. - Selgin.

THORNTON, MARIANNE, The Crisis of 1825. Letters from a Young Lady. See: pages 96-108, in: ASHTON, T. S. & SAYERS, R. S., Papers in English Monetary History. - JZL.

THORNTON, MARK & WEISE, CHETLEY, Success of the Great Depression Tax Rebellions. - http://www.mises.org/journals/scholar/Thornton1%2EPDF

THORNTON, MARK, Bastiat;s Views on the Nature of Money. - Bastiat’s Views on the Nature of Money

THORNTON, MARK, Cantillon on the Cause of the Business Cycle. - Vol. 9 Num. 3 - Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics - Online at the Mises Institute. - It is all too often described as naturally occurring cycle, as if human interference with free market relationships, private contracts, voluntary experiments, property rights, free exchanges, especially the legalized with monetary and financial despotism had nothing to do with economic crises. - This in spite of the fact that e.g. comprehensive State Socialism as well as “democratic” or “republican” Welfare States have often and for years to decades demonstrated how much they can hold an economy back and maintain or even spread poverty. - J.Z., 19.5.10.

THORNTON, MARK, Deflation Teaser? Klondike Bars and the Gold 90s in Canada. - 7/8/2003 Vol. 6 Num. 4 - Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics - Mises Institute Working Papers

THORNTON, MARK, Frederick Bastiat’s Views on the Nature of Money. - Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics - Vol. 5, No. 3.

THORNTON, MARK, Introduction: Symposium on Time and Money. - Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics - Vol. 4, No. 3. -

THORNTON, MARK, Mises vs. Fisher on Money, Method, and Prediction. - The Case of the Great Depression(Mises Institute; Auburn University) - 12/19/2006 - Mises Institute Working Papers

THORNTON, MARK, The Great Depression: Mises vs. Fisher. - Vol. 11 Num. 3 - Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics - Online at the Mises Institute.

THORP, W. L., & QUANDT, R. E., The new inflation. New York, McGraw Hill, 1959. - Flamant.

THORP, WILLARD, Business Annals. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1926. - Rockoff (1975).

THORPE, B. The Ancient Laws and Institutes of England. (translated) Published by the Record Commission, 1840. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

THORSTEIN VEBLEN, The Theory of Business Enterprise. New York, 1910. - Groseclose, Money & Man. - Why have so many free enterprise advocates abstained from advocating free enterprise in the provision of exchange media, clearing certificates and value standards? Does not their daily experiences in their own manufacturing or business sphere tell them that they are, without legal granted monopolies or privileges, unable to monopolize any of the goods and services that they do offer? Why to they automatically assume that it would be different with attempts to provide exchange media, clearing certificates and value standards? Under economic freedom in this sphere, too, “it takes two to dance tango!” The potential acceptors of your money or value standard would all be free to refuse or to discount what you offer them. They would only readily accept such goods and services if they do find them sufficiently useful and attractive. Like slaves and serfs, for centuries eliminated from self-management in this sphere, they do, mostly, not even think about it at all. That applies particularly to most of the modern “bankers”. - They should be ashamed of being confined in their business to dealings in monopoly money only and in an exclusive and forced value standard imposed by their government. - The issue and reflux of this government is almost constantly mismanaged, leading to inflationary, deflationary and stagflationary crises, to the great advantage of the business of the banks and of their customers. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

THORSTEIN VEBLEN, The Vested Interests. New York, 1920. - Groseclose, Money & Man.

THORWAERT, F., Die Entwicklung des Banknotenumlaufs in Deutschland, 1851-1880. JAHRBÜCHER FÜR NATIONALOEKONOMIE UND STATISTIK, XLI, 1883, 202-3. - Cameron

THOU, JACQUES AUGUSTE de, A Compleat History of Europe. (the elder), translated into [OLD] English, London, 1705, &c. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

THOU, JACQUES AUGUSTE de, History of his Own Time. (the elder) Transl. into Eng. together with the castrated passages. London, 1729-30. 2 vols., folio. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

THRALLS, JEROME, The Clearing House. New York, 1916. - Charles A. Hales, The Baltimore Clearing House. - Charles A. Hales, The Baltimore Clearing House.

THUNBERG, CARL PETER, Travels in Japan, &c. Transl. into Engl. London, 1793-5. 4 vols. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

THUNBERG, CARL PETER, Voyage au Japon, transl. into French. Paris, 1794. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

THUR, A. von, Der allgemeine Teil des Deutschen Bürgerlichen Rechts, in Systematisches Handbuch der deutschen Rechtswissenschaft. Herausgegeben von K. Binding. 10. Abt. Das Deutsche Bürgerliche Recht, München/Leipzig 1910/1918 (zit. v. Tuhr). - Lautner, Der „WIR“ Verrechnungsverkehr, 1964.

THUR, A. von, Einlösung eines gefälschten Checks. In: SJZ 21, S. 333 ff. (zit. v. Tuhr, SJZ). - Lautner, Der „WIR“ Verrechnungsverkehr, 1964.

THURIOT, H., Du cours forcé de la monnaie fiduciaire. Diss. Paris, 1913. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

THURLINGER & HOLLOWAY, Money: The Decisive Factor. - He studied a number of community or commodity based experiments, everyone economically successful but suppressed by the State upon pressure by banks. According to Don Bethune, CONVIVIAL MONEY. No. 2, Dec. 87, p.3.

THYGESEN, N. & GROS, D., Concrete Steps towards Monetary Union. DISCUSSION PAPER 177, Copenhagen: Institute of Economics, University of Copenhagen. (1989) - Dowd. - If union were always optimal then, e.g., everybody should be married to everybody. And everybody should belong only to one association, work only in one productive enterprise and purchase only from one trading company. We should all engage in the same sport, the same entertainment, the same recreation, the same reading, contribute to and access only the same website. We should all live in the same kind of housing, clothing, and eat the same meals. Totalitarians, too often, have driven us already all too far in this direction, for all too long, to our great dissatisfactions and disappointments. Why volunteer for anything going in that direction? This seems to be one of the great spleens of mankind. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

TICHENOR, G. H., Private Money. "REASON", 6/76.

TIDEMAN, T. NICOLAUS, The STANDARD Has Already Happened. ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, 6/7, 1986, 2pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 865. - (On Hayek's proposal and Borsodi's and Swann's attempts.)

TIENTSIN, had, in 1860, no less than 300 note issuing banks. Source: Meyer's Konversations Lexikon, article on China. Year of edition? My handbook of the fifties gives a population of 1,8 million. By 1860 it might have had only 600,000 people. That would correspond to the astonishing figure given by Beckerath for Rode Island's banks of issue: One for each 2,000 population. More details are wanted on both cases. -J.Z.

TIER, MARK, A Vicious Circle that May Lead to Runaway Inflation. 1984, 5pp, with notes by J.Z., 3pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 548. - When I met him in Sydney, many years ago, he was still hung up on the imagined "credit creation" threat and had published a booklet on inflation, which was largely based on this error. But it was marketed and sold well. His present monetary views are unknown to me. - He had published some libertarian SF anthologies. - To my regret neither his new Free Thought book nor his 2 libertarian SF books were offered in the Spring 2010 LAISSEZ FAIRE printed catalog that I received today. But, perhaps, they are offered in their more complete online catalog: askus@lfb.org - www.lfb.org  - J.Z.

TIER, MARK, The Nature of Market Cycles.

TIER, MARK, The Winning Investment Habits of Warren Buffett & George Soros. Inverse Books, Hong Kong, in 2004.

TIER, MARK, Understanding Inflation. Economic Research Associates, Canberra, in 1975 (or maybe 76, I'd have to check). The other titles (not his libertarian SF ones!) were published by World Money Analyst (strictly speaking, they were "Special Reports" rather than books - a different format). Some of the World Money Analyst articles are on his website. - Tier, Mark marktier@marktier.com

TILLY, RICHARD, Financial Institutions and Industrialization in the German Rhineland, 1815-1870. Madison, Wis, 1966. - Cameron

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H. Jr. & DOWD, KEVIN, Money and the Nation State. (eds.) New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1998. - www.reinventingmoney.com

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., A Critique of Monetarist and Austrian Doctrines on the Utility and Value of Money. - Review of Austrian Economics - Vol.1, No.1.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., Comment on Selgin's "The Yield of Money Held Revisited: Lessons for Today.", 2pp: 254. - In? Lost during sorting.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., Denominational Factors in Nineteenth Century Currency Experience." JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY 34 (Dec. 1974): 835-884. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., Federal Reserve Policy Since 1945: The Results of Authority in the Absence of Rules. Chapter 7, pp. 177-193, in Siegel, Barry N., editor, Money in Crisis. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1984. - White, Competition & Currency - In the last few pages he does discuss the free banking option. - There was no lack of rules but, rather, there were too many of them and imposed ones at that. - J.Z., 15.4.10.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., Free Market Money in Coal-Mining Communities, The issue and use of scrip in isolated economic environments. THE FREEMAN, FEE, Oct. 1989, Vol. 39, No. 10, pp 398-405, with bibliography. - JZL. - The best article on this subject that I have come across. - J.Z., 18.2.10. - Compare the issue of “fichas” in isolated South American mining camps. - Very insufficiently described by Wagemann. - J.Z.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., Gold Policy in the 1930's. THE FREEMAN, 5/99, 7pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.394.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., Gold Standard Policy: An Illusory Means for Achieving Individual Liberty. Independent Institute , POLICY STUDIES, was forthcoming in 1988, according to a bibliography of Timberlake.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., Gold, Greenbacks, and the Constitution. The George Edward Durell Foundation, P.O. Box 847, Berryville, VA 22611, 1991.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., Government Gold." BANKER'S MAGAZINE 163 (March-April 1980): 22-23. - White, Competition & Currency.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., How Gold Was Money - How Gold Could Be Money Again. THE FREEMAN, 4/95, 7pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.402.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., Institutional evolution of federal reserve hegemony. (1986) CATO JOURNAL 5(3), (Winter), pp.743-63. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., Legislative Construction of the Monetary Control Act of 1980." AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW 75 (May 1985), Papers and Proceedings: pp.97-102. - Pages: 101-2, provides a case study of this process in action: "Fed officials in their testimony to congressional committees persistently and doggedly advanced one major theme: the Fed had to have more power. ... By misdirection and subterfuge, the Fed inveigled an unwary Congress into doing its bidding." - White, Competition & Currency. - Well, Congress has the same aim and so does sympathize with that ambition. - J.Z., 20.3.10. - Laws are often named as if they could control the economy. In other words, either our legislators or their victims do still believe in word-magic. - J.Z., 21.3.10.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., Marginal Utility Equilibrium between Money and Goods: A Reply to Professor Barnett’s Criticism. - Review of Austrian Economics - Vol.3, No.l.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., Monetary Policy in the United States. University of Chicago Press, 1993. See: HORWITZ, STEVEN G., Review of “Monetary Policy in the United States: An Intellectual and Institutional History” by Richard Timberlake,University of Chicago Press, 1993, 502, XXV pages, in THE FREEMAN, May 94, 2pp.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., Monetary Policy’s Payoff to the Treasury. WALL STREET JOURNAL, Dec. 22, 1986.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., Monetization Practices and the Political Structure of the Federal Reserve System. CATO INSTITUTE POLICY ANALYSIS (12 August 1981), 10-12. - “A base freeze is proposed.”     “Timberlake adds that the gold in Fort Knox should be liberated to allow a private gold standard to emerge.” White, Competition & Currency. - Compare PEACE PLANS 19 C how this kind of liberation could be effectively done for all kinds of assets in government hands and, usually, very much mismanaged. - J.Z., 16.7.10.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., Money, Banking, and Central Banking. Harper & Row, Publishers, New York, Evanston, and London, 1965, with index 352pp. Select short bibliographies are only added to the chapters. It may have been written before he became a monetary freedom researcher, writer and advocate. - J.Z., 6.5.10. - JZL.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., New deal monetary legislation for the welfare of the government: comment on Shughart. (1988) C. England and T. Huertas (eds), pp.107-11. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., Private Production of Scrip-Money in the Isolated Community. (1987) JOURNAL OF MONEY, CREDIT, AND BANKING, Vol. 19, No. 4, Nov. 87, pp. 437-47. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System. - With 1p. bibliography. - JZL., photocopy.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., Repeal of Silver Monetization in the Late Nineteenth Century. JOURNAL OF MONEY, CREDIT, AND BANKING 10 (February 1978): 27-45. - Friedman, M., Money Mischief.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., Reply to Comment by Murray N. Rothbard. - Vol. 2 Num. 1 - Review of Austrian Economics

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., The Central Banking Role of Clearinghouse Associations. JOURNAL OF MONEY, CREDIT, AND BANKING 16 no.1: February 1984: 1-15. - “Evidence that the public wanted currency in general rather than outside currency in particular may be found in the ready public acceptance of currency issued (illegally) by clearinghouse associations during the panics of 1873, 1884, 1890, 1893, and 1907.” - White, Competition & Currency. - I see in the “distinction” between “outside” and “inside” currency an as vague or misleading and polarized distinction as e.g. between “soft” and “hard” money, “cheap” & “sound” money, “paper” money and “hard” money. None of these “distinctions” is clear enough and covers the field. - The clearinghouse associations are voluntary associations without any legalized privilege and without legal tender powers. They can only do whatever rightful actions central banks undertake, but not their wrongful actions. - J.Z., 20.3.10.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., The Fed Sets Interest Rates? It just Ain’t so. - FEE essay referred to with FEE in Brief on 2/25/2010. THE FREEMAN, 12/99, 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.409. - However, with its note issue “policy”, deteriorating the “value standard” almost constantly, it influences interest rates wrongly and harmfully. - J.Z., 26.2.10.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., The Government's Licence to Create Money. CATO JOURNAL 9: 301-21. (1990) - Dowd - Schuler - Government or Central Bank note issues beyond its tax foundation is not a creative but a destructive and dishonest action, quite contrary to the supposed role of governments or central banks as “guardians” of the national currency. - J.Z., 18.2.10. - In JZL only in form of a copy of the Preliminary Draft, 1989.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., The Origins of Central Banking in the United States. (Cambridge: Mass. & London, Harvard University Press, 1978), 85-86. - On Treasury notes as a precedent for greenbacks. - White, Competition & Currency. - White, Competition & Currency. - At least some treasury notes or tax anticipation certificates have been reckoning in stable value units and had a sound enough tax foundation for them. But these sound issues and, largely, even the knowledge of them, disappeared with the introduction of legal tender and a monopoly for government paper money. - J.Z., 22.6.10.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., The Significance of Unaccounted Currencies. Unpublished manuscript (1980). - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition. - (1981) JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY, 41, pp.853-66. - Mentioned in his article on scrip issues. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System. - One should distinguish between official accounting and “black market” or “unfree market” accounting, which may be quite accurate and comprehensive - but secret. - To some extent the voluntary acceptors were also part of that private “accounting” system. It is the official, exclusive and forced currencies, their gradual depreciations, devaluations etc., that are all too often and for all too long unaccounted for or misunderstood, by their imposers as well as their victims. - Look at the all-over and genuine accounting for their issues and their depreciations over years, decades and centuries. - J.Z., 21.3.10.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., The Specie Circular and Sales of Public Lands: A Comment. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY, XXV, September, 1965, 414-16. - Temin.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., The Specie Circular and the Distribution of the Surplus. THE JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, LXVIII, April, 1960, 109-17. - Temin.

TIMBERLAKE, RICHARD H., Jr., The Specie Standard and Central Banking in the United States before 1860. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY, XXI, September, 1961, 318-41. - Temin.

TIME DOLLAR NETWORK, P.O. Box 42160 Washington DC 20015 USA (202)686-5200. National clearinghouse for information about service credit/time dollar programs, including a directory and organizing assistance.

TIMM, H., Entnationalisierung des Geldes? Einige kritische Bemerkungen zu einem revolutionären Vorschlag. In: Bohley, P. und Tolkemitt, G., (Hrsg.), Wirtschaftswissenschaft als Grundlage staatlichen Handelns, Heinz Haller zum 65. Geburtstag, Tübingen, Mohr, 1979. - Gerding. - S. 537ff. JZL. 18 S., in PEACE PLANS 805.

TIMM, UWE, Gesammelte Schriften, Veröffentlichungen von 1955 bis 2002. Espero Verlag, www.utespero.de

TINBERGEN, JAN, Economic Models for the Explanation of Inflation. In: Stabile Preise in wachsender Wirtschaft, Tübingen, 1960. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

TINBERGEN, JAN, Economic Policy, Principles and Design. (Amsterdam: North Holland, 1956. - On the importance of clearinghouse processes, and a recognition that central banking is not necessary for the provision of such services, see Richard H. Timberlake, "The Central Banking Role of Clearinghouse Associations," JOURNAL OF MONEY, CREDIT, AND BANKING, 16 (February 1984): 1-15. - The seminal statement of this position is Jan Tinbergen, Economic Policy: Principles and Design (Amsterdam: North Holland, 1956), who developed the theory of economic policy in terms of the selection of objectives and the design of appropriate instruments. - Richard E. Wagner, Politics, Central Banking, and Economic Order.

TINNES, D. J., The Market Gage Dollar. AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, September, 1918. - Norman Angell, The Story of Money, 1934.

TIPPETTS, CHARLES S., State Banks and the Federal Reserve System. New York: Van Nostrand, 1929. - Klebaner

TIPPETTS, CHARLES S., The Par Remittance Controversy. AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, December, 1924, XIV, 629-648. - Charles A. Hales, The Baltimore Clearing House.

TIPTON, JOHN, Papers. See RIKER, DOROTHY & ROBERTSON, NELLIE ARMSTRONG. - SHADE, G. W. (1972)

TISMER, A., Grenzen der Diskontpolitik. München - Leipzig. 1932. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

TITSINGH, M., Japan. Engl. transl., London, 1820. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

TOBIN, JAMES, Commercial Banks as Creators of ‘Money’. In: Carson, Dean, ed., Banking and Monetary Studies. Homewood, Ill.: Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1963: 408-419. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

TOBIN, JAMES, Inflation and Unemployment. Presidential Address to the American Economic Association, AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, Vol. 62, March 1972. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

TOBIN, JAMES, Theoretical Issues in Macroeconomics. 1985. In ISSUES IN CONTEMPORARY MACROECONOMICS AND DISTRIBUTION, ed. George R. Feiwel. Albany: State University of New York Press. - Paul Davidson, The Economics of Ignorance or Ignorance of Economics.

TOCKER, Australian and New Zealand Currency Standards. ECONOMIC JOURNAL, 1924. - Mills & Walker, Money, 1935-1952. - Davidson, Central Banking. - R. C. Mills & E. R. Walker, Money.

TOCQUEVILLE, ALEXIS de, Democracy in America. Edited by Phillips Bradley. 2 vols. New York, 1948. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

TODD, JOHN A., The Mechanism of Exchange. A Handbook of Economics. (Currency, Banking and Trade), 3rd. ed., Oxford University Press, London: Humphrey Milford, 1927. - J. D. Unwin. - with index 288pp. - JZL. - The Mechanics of Exchange: 5th Ed. 1939, rpr. 1946. - K. Ryan, 1990.

TODD, WALKER & THOMPSON, JAMES, An Insider's View of the Political Economy of the 'Too-Big-To-Fail' Doctrine." Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, WORKING PAPER #9017, December 1990, p. 16. - SALSMAN, RICHARD A.

TOFT, K. S. A Mid-Nineteenth Century Attempt at Banking Control. REVUE INTERNATIONALE D'HISTOIRE DE LA BANQUE, III (Geneva 1970) “while this journal will provide a future international forum for banking history.” - Cottrell & Anderson, Money & Banking in England.

TOLF, K., Voraussetzungen und Wirksamkeit der Diskontpolitik in England und den Vereinigten Staaten. Berlin, 1932. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

TOLLEY, GEORGE S., 100 Percent Reserve Banking. In Yeager, Leland B., ed. In Search of a Monetary Constitution. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1962: 275 -304. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

TOLSTOI, LEO, Graf, Was ist Geld? Berlin, Globus Verlag, 112 S., mit Anmerkungen von J.Z. in PEACE PLANS 556. - Especially good in describing the evils arising out of the claims of creditors to payment in an exclusive currency. - J.Z. - JZL.

TOMA, MARK, Inflationary Bias of the Federal Reserve System: A Bureaucratic Perspective. JOURNAL OF MONETARY ECONOMICS 10, September 1982, 163-90. - White, Competition & Currency. - In a note White says: “The Federal Reserve and the Internal Revenue Service are the only two profit-making agencies of the federal government. The Fed ‘makes money’ by literally making money.” - Not earned profits but extortion, tributes and confiscation are involved. - J.Z., 20.3.10.

TOMA, MARK, The Role of the Federal Reserve in Reserve Requirement Regulation. - Comment by Marvin Goodfriend. - THE CATO JOURNAL, Winter 1988.

TOMINAGA, YOSHITAKA, The Truth of Money. A Doctrine of Social Reconstruction by Means of Ticket Money. Translated by Kuniosuke Watanabe. New Liberalist Economica Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan, English edition1952. Japanese edition: 1951, 199pp. - JZL. 1952 ed., with some remarks by J.Z., 48x, in PEACE PLANS 668.

TOMLINSON, G. W., Australian Bank Notes 1817-1963. Melbourne 1963. - Albert Pick

TOMORROW'S MONEY, by Gesell & others, Libertarian Social Institute, Bombay. Mentioned in booklist or title of booklist?

TÖNDURY, H. & GSELL, E., Finanzierungen. 1948. - Rittershausen, Wirtschaft, 1960 Auflage.

TOOKE, THOMAS & NEWMARCH, W., A History of Prices and of the State of the Circulation, 1792-1856. London, 1838-57. 6 vols. Reprinted with introduction by T. E. Gregory, 1928. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

TOOKE, THOMAS, A History of Prices (vol. 3), ... with Remarks ... on Some of the Alterations Proposed in our Banking System. London, 1840, Longmans. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain. - London, Longman, 1838. (Gerding),

TOOKE, THOMAS, A History of Prices (vol. 4) and the State of the Circulation, from 1839 to 1847 Inclusive: With a General Review of the Currency Question ... 1848, London, Longmans. (White) - For banking principle. - As he understood or misunderstood it. - J.Z., 1.2.10.

TOOKE, THOMAS, A Letter to Lord Grenville: On the Effects Ascribed to the Resumption of Cash Payments on the Value of the Currency. 1829a, London, John Murray. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

TOOKE, THOMAS, A Second Letter to Lord Grenville: On the Currency in Connection with the Corn Trade; and on the Corn Laws; to Which Is Added a Postscript on the Present Commercial Stagnation. 1829b. London, John Murray. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

TOOKE, THOMAS, An Inquiry into the currency Principle, the Connection of the Currency with Prices and the Expediency of a Separation of the Issue from Banking. First & 2nd. edition 1844, London, Longmans, - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain. - 1856. The London School of Economics and Political Science, University of London, 1959. 165pages. This edition is in PEACE PLANS 565, with 3 pages of notes by John Zube, 29.6.85, also with other titles: Ku Sui-Lu, Die Form bankmässiger Transaktionen … in China, 1926 and Robert Peel, Speeches, 1844, on currency and banking. - JZL. - For full gold cover. - Most gold standard advocates are still only at his stage. - J.Z.  - [Eine Untersuchung über die Lehre von den Umlaufsmitteln, den Zusammenhang der Umlaufsmittel mit den Preisen und die Zweckmässigkeit einer Trennung der Notenausgabe von der Banktätigkeit.] London 1844. 100 205 206. - MARX.

TOOKE, THOMAS, Considerations of the State of the Currency. London, 1825. - 1826. 2nd. ed. London, John Murray. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain. - Against Bank of England privileges, for Scottish Bank system, for publicity re note issue - but for metallic cover and against notes in denominations under 5 pounds! - J.Z.

TOOKE, THOMAS, History of Prices [Vol. 4] and the State of the Circulation, from 1839 to 1847 Inclusive: With a General Review of the Currency Question. ... 1848, London, Longmans. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

TOOKE, THOMAS, History of Prices. Bd. III, London, Longman, 1838. - Gerding

TOOKE, THOMAS, On the Bank Charter Act of 1844. 1854. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935. - London, 1856. - For metallic cover. - J.Z.

TOOKE, THOMAS, Thoughts and Details on the High and Low Prices of the Thirty Years, 1793-1822. London, 1823, 1824. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

TORRENS, ROBERT, A Letter to the Right Honourable Lord Viscount Melbourne on the Causes of the Recent Derangement in the Money Market, and on Bank Reform. 1837a. London, Longmans. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

TORRENS, ROBERT, A Letter to Thomas Tooke, Esq. in Reply to His Objections against the Separation of the Business of the Bank into a Department of Issue and a Department of Discount: With a Plan of Bank Reform. 1840, London, Longmans. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

TORRENS, ROBERT, An Essay on Money and Paper Currency. London, 1812. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

TORRENS, ROBERT, An Inquiry into the Practical Working of the Proposed Arrangements for the Renewal of the Charter of the Bank of England, &c. London, 1844. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

TORRENS, ROBERT, Principles and Practical Operation of Sir Robert Peel's Act of 1844 explained and defended. London, 1858. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

TORRENS, ROBERT, Supplement to a Letter Addressed to the Right Honourable Lord Viscount Melbourne, on the Derangement in the Money Market, and on Bank Reform. 1837b.London, Longmans. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

TORRENS, ROBERT, The Principles and Practical Operation of Sir Robert Peel's Bill of 1844 Explained, and Defended against the Objections of Tooke, Fullarton, and Wilson. 1848. London, Longmans. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

TORRES GARCIA, GUILLERMO, Historia de la Moneda en Colombia. 2nd. ed., Medellin, Fondo Rotario de Publicaciones FAES. 1980. - Schuler

TORTELLA CASARES, GABRIEL, Banking, Railroads, and Industry in Spain 1829-1874. 1977, N.Y., Arno Press. - Schuler

TOUT, T. F., Medieval Town Planning. (London, 1917.) - J. D. Unwin, Hopousia, 1940. - The title may, originally, have run Mediaeval … - J.Z.

TOUTAIN, JULES, Economic Life of the Ancient World. (translated by M. R.Dobie). New York, 1930. - Groseclose, Money & Man.

TOWLE, LAWRENCE W., International Trade and Commercial Policy. New York: Harper, 1947. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking.

TOWNE, MARVIN W. & WAYNE D. RASMUSSEN, Farm Gross Product and Gross Investment in the Nineteenth Century." - In: Trends in the American Economy in the Nineteenth Century. Studies in Income and Wealth, Vol. 24 (Princeton: Princeton University Press for the National Bureau of Economic Research, 1960). - Temin.

TOWNSEND, HARRY, Price Theory. Penguin Books 1981, first published 1971. (ed.) Indexed, with bibliography, 586pp. I bought an almost as new copy second hand two days ago, for onlyl 10 c. Either there is as little demand on economics or the demand is already largely served by free online offers. Among others, it contains essays by Hayek, Alchian and Stigler. - J.Z., 6.6.10.

TOWNSEND, R., Optimal contracts and competitive markets with costly state verification. (1979) JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC THEORY 21: 265-93. - Dowd

TOWNSHEND, HUGH, Liquidity-Premium and the Theory of Value. THE ECONOMIC JOURNAL, March 1937, vol. XLVII. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

TOWNSHEND-ZELLNER, NORMAN, The Bank Charge Account Plan and Retail Food Marketing. AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH, October 1960, pp.85-104. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972.

TOYNBEE, ARNOLD, Lectures on the Industrial Revolution of the Eighteenth Century in England. (Short memoir by B. Jowett.) London, 1884. - Smitley, Popular Financial Delusions, 1933. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

TOYNBEE, ARNOLD, The Industrial Revolution in England. London, 1887. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S.

TRADE AMERICA CARD, CA, adv., 1981, 1p, of a barter exchange, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 865.

TRADE EXCHANGE INC., Explanation of Items, Change in Accounting Method. 1984, 3pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 905.

TRADE EXCHANGE INC., Trading Rules and Regulations. 1985, the fine print. 1p, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 905.

TRAEGER, Herr, Erklärung der Berliner Freiheiten des Bürgers. 2 Entwürfe, ca. 1953/54, mit 4 wirtschaftlichen Grundfreiheiten, in PEACE PLANS 589/590. - Compare the several drafts by Ulrich von Beckerath and myself on this subject. - J.Z., 9.2.10.

TRANSITIONER, THE, The Transitioner = www.thetransitioner.org/wiki/tiki-index.php - Link by www.mutualist.org - One question is rarely put to most "privatizers" Who gets the sales proceeds: The politicians and bureaucrats or their victims, the taxpayers and other subjects? - See my more consistent general privatization proposal in PEACE PLANS 19 c, available digitized from me until it appears online or on a CD. - J.Z., 16. 8. 06. - Actually, it should be on the CD that Christian Butterbach reproduced on www.butterbach.net - J.Z., 16.7.10.

TRANTOW, TERRY N., Catalogue of Lumber Company Store Tokens. Ellensburg, Wash.: Trantow, 1978. - Timberlake

TRASK, H. A. SCOTT, A Critique of Bray Hammnond’s Banks and Politics in America, from the Revolution to the Civil War. - 4/23/2002 Mises Institute Working Papers - Online at the Mises Institute.

TRASK, H. A. SCOTT, Paper Money, Taxes and War. - The Free Market - April 2004. - Online at the Mises Institute.

TRASK, H. A. SCOTT, The Panic of 1837 and the Contraction of 1839-43: A Reassessment of its Causes from an Austrian Perspective and a Critique of the Free Banking Interpretation. - 4/23/2002 - Mises Institute Working Papers - Online at the Mises Institute.

TRASK, H. A. SCOTT, William Graham Sumner: Monetary Theorist. - Vol. 8 Num. 2 Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics - Online at the Mises Institute. William Graham Sumner: Monetary Theorist (PDF file)

TRAUTMANN, W., Mangel an Währungsdisziplin. - in: DER VOLKSWIRT, Heft 25,1961. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

TRAVERS-BORGSTROEM, Mutualismus, Eine Synthese. München 1923, 125. - This seems to be the "mutualist" title that I saw in 1984 in Robert Carnaghan's library. It had nothing to do with mutualist banking or libertarianism as I see it. The author seemed to think that he had invented the word for his kind of philosophy. S.6: "Entwurf ueber die Verstaatlichung des Geldverkehrs und die Zentralisierung von Banken und Geldverleihung, in der Hand der Nation"! Kennt den alten Mutualismus nicht, obwohl er Proudhon als Motto zitiert: "Eine Theorie der Gegenseitigkeit, die kraft ihres Grundgedankens, statt vom Kapital Kredit und vom Staat Schutz zu fordern, das Kapital des Staates der Arbeit zur Verfügung stellt.“ - Wo sagt P. DAS? Hört sich eher nach Lasalle an. - J.Z.)

TREASURY AND CIVIL SERVICE COMMITTEE, Monetary Policy Report and Volumes of Evidence. 1980, House of Commons, HMSO, 1981. - Samuel Brittan, in Hobart Paper 90.

TREASURY, HM, An Evolutionary Approach towards Economic and Monetary Union. (1989) London: HM Treasury.

TREASURY, HM, TREASURY BULLETIN. Autumn, (1990) London: HMSO. - Dowd

TREICHLER, BILL & WILSON, ROBERT ANTON, Attack Usury at Its Source. 4pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 905. - Bentham’s defence of usury and Boem-Bawerk’s defence of interest are still largely ignored by many “money reformers”. - J.Z., 15.2.10.

TRENDE, A., Forschung zur internationalen Finanz- und Bankgeschichte. Berlin, 1929. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

TRÉRY, EDMOND, Situation Économique et Financière de l'Italie. Paris, 1903.

TRESCOTT, PAUL B., Financing American Enterprise; The Story of Commercial Banking. New York, Harper & Row, 1963. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking. - Still too many abuses do sail under the misleading flag of “financing”. - J.Z., 4.4.10. - Some of the “financiers” are only interested in fleecing their “investors”. The numerous governmental laws, regulations and bureaucracies have not prevented that but, rather, made both, investors and depositors more irresponsible. - J.Z., 28.4.10. - Not only public but also private auditors do discover frauds, if at all, often only all too late. More publicity for all business records might help - but will be hard to achieve as long as compulsory taxation is continued. - Those entrusted with other people’s money should not be automatically or, usually trusted but their records should be exposed to maximum publicity and and acess. Since they are, mostly, conducted electronically now, this would be relatively easy to achieve. There is no shortage of able accountants, who might be interested not only in their own accounts. - Especially the issue and the reflux of ex change media should be subject to public scrutiny. - J.Z., 6.5.10. - Also to unlimited responsibility for the own actions! - J.Z., 16.7.10.

TRESCOTT, PAUL B., Ideologie & Inflation. S. 17-26 in ACTA MONETARIA, Jahrbuch fuer Geldordnung und Geldpolitik, Frankfurt/M, 3. 1979, I/139 (1/1977-4/1980, letzte Nr.). - Seems to me to be of no free banking interest. These and some other titles are included here only as warnings against certain titles. Do not waste your money on them! - Or acquire them only once you have sufficiently checked them out. - J.Z.

TRESCOTT, PAUL B., Money, banking and economic welfare. N.Y., 2nd. ed., McGraw Hill, 1965, 602pp. - Supposed to contain a good discussion of legal tender. - J.Z.

TREUHOLM, The People's Money. - According to Rittershausen the best book on legal means of payment. - J.Z.

TREVELYAN, G. M., English Social History. London 1942. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

TREVELYAN, G. M., History of England. - J. D. Unwin, Hopousia, 1940.

TRIFFIN, ROBERT, Europe and the Money Muddle: From Bilateralism to Near-Convertibility, 1947-1956. New Haven, 1957. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

TRIFFIN, ROBERT, Gold and the Dollar Crisis. The Future of Convertibility. New York, 1960, 1961. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

TRIFFIN, ROBERT, Improving World Liquidity. - in: THE BANKER, Bd. CX, 1960, S.13ff. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

TRIFFIN, ROBERT, Monetary and Banking Reform in Paraguay. 1946, Washington, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. - Schuler

TRIFFIN, ROBERT, The European Monetary System: Tombstone or Cornerstone? 1984. In: The International Monetary System: Forty Years after Bretton Woods. CONFERENCE SERIES No. 28. 127-173. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, MA. - Milton Friedman, Has Government Any Role in Money?

TRIFFIN, ROBERT, The Return to Convertibility: 1926-1931, and 1958-?, or Convertibility and the Morning After. - in: BULLETIN DER BANCA NAZIONALE DEL LAVORO, März 1959, S.3 ff. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

TRIFFIN, ROBERT, Tomorrow's Convertibility: Aims and Means of International Monetary Policy. in: BULLETIN DER BANCA NAZIONALE DEL LAVORO, Juni 1959, S.131 ff. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

TRIMBLE, W., Diverging Tendencies in New York Democracy in the Period of the Locofocos. in AMERICAN HISTORY REVIEW, April, 1919. - McGrane, The Panic of 1837.

TRINKHAUS, WILLIAMS, mentioned in LIBERTY index in connection with Mutual Bank Propaganda.

TRIVOLI, GEORGE, A Modest Proposal for a Private International Monetary System. In: Kredit & Kapital, 1977.

TRIVOLI, GEORGE, Currency competition versus governmental money monopolies. (1986) CATO JOURNAL, 5, 1986, pp. 927-42. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System. - Reproduced in PEACE PLANS 927-42.

TRIVOLI, GEORGE, The Government's Money Monopoly: Externalities or Natural Monopoly?, (1984) KYKLOS, 37, pp.27-58. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System.

TRIVOLI, GEORGE, The Suffolk Bank A Study of a Free-Enterprise Clearing System. (1979): London: Adam Smith Institute Monograph, 28pp. - DOWD, Private Money. - Leesburg, Va.: Adam Smith Institute, 1979. - White, Competition & Currency. - Still hung up on gold redemption as the only option without realizing that a consistent clearing system could make gold redemption and payment superfluous within the system, although it could account in gold weight units and gold coins and both, gold bullion and coins could and should be freely traded on the free market. Thus, with redemption or, rather, free convertibility, referred to the free gold market and all exchange and clearing certificates, daily and hourly quoted on this free market, they would be generally acceptable only while they stand at par, or close enough to par with their nominal value. However, the Suffolk proposal and practice is acceptable as ONE option under monetary freedom, for those who do want it for themselves. - It was, perhaps, more of a system to enforce metallic redemptionism rather than merely sound gold weight value clearing. - How sound or unsound was the normal debt foundation of most of the banks of issue, with short-term commercial debt certificates, arising out of the sale of already produced goods, which were on the way to their final consumers? (RBD) Those concentrating merely on metallic or government security assets as redemption funds and cover for the note issues, do, usually, ignore that demand aspect for banknotes, or “readiness to accept foundation” or “clearing foundation” which does, on its own, give them already enough value or purchasing power, particularly under sound value reckoning. - It can keep notes at par with their nominal rare metal value, even when the issuer does not so redeem his notes upon demand and they do know this in advance. - J.Z., 10.4.10. - When the prices of consumer goods and services in the shops are expressed in gold weight units and banknotes or shop-association currencies, are also expressed in gold weight units, likewise wages and salaries, and the shops and employees etc. accept paper notes or clearing-house certificates denominated in gold weight units at par with this nominal value, then this makes such paper money as good as gold coins for the holders, in some respects even better. - Is there anyone among today’s shoppers, who does seriously believe that his present paper money has some real and daily purchasing power only because either the shops, or their banks or the national central bank has a corresponding gold stock? - J.Z., 19.5.10. - JZL.

TROLLOPE, FRANCES, Domestic Manners of the Americans. Vintage Books. New York, 1960. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960. - Did the Jacksonians help, e.g. to end the financial domination of married women by their husbands, which was also existing in the West for all too long? - J.Z., 3.6.10.

TROTTER, A., Observations on the Financial Position ... of the North American Union ... London, 1839. - Reginald Charles McGrane, The Panic of 1837, 1924.

TRUPTIL, R. J., British Banks and the London Money Market. London, 1936. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

TRUTWEIN, JUDITH, Myth of the cashless society. ATMs increase the demand for currency, not diminish it! In: PEACE PLANS 787.

TRUU, M.L., Money and Near-Money: an Old Refrain. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 46 (Sept. 1978) 245-256. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

TRYON, WARREN S., A Mirror for Americans. (ed.). 3 vols. Chicago, 1952. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

TSIANG, S. C., A Critical Note on the Optimum Supply of Money. 1969. JOURNAL OF MONEY, CREDIT, AND BANKING 1(2) (May). - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

TS'ÜAN HAN-SCHENG, Yüan-tai ti tschi-pi (Das Papiergeld der Yüan Dynastie). in: Schi-liao yü schi-hüo-, Academia Sinica, II (1944), S. 1-58. - Herbert Franke, Geld- & Wirtschaft in China unter der Mongolen-Herrschaft.

TSURU, S., Business Cycle and Capitalism: Schumpeter vs. Marx. 1952. TOKYO HITOTSUBUSHI ACADEMY ANNALS 2 (April): 134-47. - Frank Vorhies

TUCCILLE, JEROME D., Get Your Money's Worth. April 7, 2,000, 12pp, in PEACE PLANS 1627, August 2000, p.17. TUCCILLE, JEROME D., Get Your Money's Worth, April 7, 2,000, 12pp, in PP 1629: 17. Spotlight on Free Banking, a weekly feature edited by J.D. Tuccille, offered by THE FREEDOM NETWORK. I have not yet got around to checking out how many such weekly features were offered since. No hint to the numerous monetary freedom titles of LMP is included here. E-mail: Feedback@Free-Market.Net - for questions & comments! - J.Z.

TUCCILLE, JEROME D., Spotlight on Free Banking, a weekly feature edited by J. D. Tuccille, 12pp, offered by THE FREEDOM NETWORK. In PEACE PLANS 1629, August 2000. p.17. - I have not yet got around to checking out how many such weekly features were offered since. No hint to the numerous monetary freedom titles of LMP is included there. E-mail: - Feedback@Free-Market.Net - for questions & comments! - J.Z.

TUCKER, BENJAMIN R. & READ, F. W., Taxation: Voluntary or Compulsory? 1887, 3pp: in PEACE PLANS 1601-1604, p.671. - Why has no one as yet compiled a comprehensive anthology on the voluntary taxation tradition, and all discussions on its potential for the future? It could easily become a best-seller, since every tax victim is a potential buyer. In the appendix should be detailed proposals on effective tax strikes, combined with refusals of government paper money, refusals to subscribe to government insecurities as well as proposals for all-over privatizing all remaining State assets for the direct and immediate benefit of all tax victims. - PEACE PLANS offers already several articles towards such a book. Any further such contributions are welcomed by it. Another appendix should deal with all the false arguments that favor compulsory taxation. Rothbard has done pioneering work on this. -  With such a book compiled and widely spread, taxes might be demolished as suddenly as was the Berlin Wall.  Do you know of a title with greater pocket-book appeal? Even if this kind of handbook should come to 10,000 pages, in alternative media it could be easily and cheaply published and any copying should be welcomed. - J.Z., 3.12.99. - At least by now Google, upon a search for “voluntary taxation”, shows up over 3 million hints! At what stage of dissent will compulsory taxation disappear like the Berlin Wall? - J.Z., 16.7.10.

TUCKER, BENJAMIN R., A Blow at Trial by Jury. N.Y., 1898. (Meulen books, Goldsmith Collection) (FB?)

TUCKER, BENJAMIN R., Benjamin R. Tucker & The Champions of Liberty. A Centenary Anthology. Ed. by Michael E. Coughlin, Charles H. Hamilton & Mark A. Sullivan. - Michael E. Coughlin and Mark Sullivan, Publishers, St. Paul and New York, 1981, 227pp - 232pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 912. - It contains, among essays on various general subjects: WERKHEISER, DON, Benjamin R. Tucker: Champion of Free Money, pp. 212-221. - According to page 202, J. Greevz Fisher still believed that in England the issue of private money notes not redeemable in gold was still unrestricted by law. Tucker denied that. Henry Meulen, much later, still adopted a view similar to Fisher, because, apparently, he had studied the newer legislation and jurisdiction on money issues and currency much less than the older legislation. But then I could not quote the laws and paragraphs involved, either. - Perhaps they would be easiest to dig up if one looks at court cases against monetary experiments in England during the last 100 years. - I have not yet seen an extract of all the discussions on money, interest, credit, clearing and value standards that occurred in LIBERTY. - Since it is online now, it should be relatively easy to compile such an extract, helped by Wendy McElroy’s index, now also online. - J.Z., 18.3.10. - JZL.

TUCKER, BENJAMIN R., Individual Liberty, Selections from the writings of Benjamin R. Tucker. ed. by Clarence Lee Swartz, N.Y., 1926. - It eliminated some of the polemics of Instead of a Book while including some of the essays from Liberty, after 1893.) 1973, 294pp, indexed, with bibliography, PEACE PLANS 537.

TUCKER, BENJAMIN R., Instead of a Book, by a Man too Busy to Write One. A fragmentary exposition of Philosophical Anarchism. New York, Tucker, 1893. 2nd. ed. 1897. 522pp. It contains all important writings of Tucker in Liberty until 1893. The 1897 edition, 526 pages, was microfiched in PEACE PLANS 210/211. - Reprint 1969? - James J. Martin, Men Against the State. - New York, Arno Press & THE NEW YORK TIMES, 1972 reprint. - - Fred E. Foldvary, “… The Credit Exchange Alternative for Market Coordination.” - - Principally composed of discussions reprinted from the file of "Liberty." - Tandy, Voluntary Socialism.

TUCKER, BENJAMIN R., LIBERTY, numerous articles and discussions, 1881-1908, Boston, Nos. 1-403, in PEACE PLANS 247-273. Including the German edition.

TUCKER, BENJAMIN R., State Socialism and Anarchism: How far they agree, and wherein they differ. - first in LIBERTY, 1888, later in several editions as pamphlet, 1895 in London, German translation, 1895 in Berlin, Dutch one in 1896 in Amsterdam. - New York, 1899. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State - A French translation was published by Emile Armand in Orleans, France. - Reproduced several times in PEACE PLANS: Nos. 291, 421 & 539.

TUCKER, BENJAMIN R., Taxation: Volutary or Compulsory? - Taxation: Voluntary or Compulsory? (debate with F. W. Read) See above & Read

TUCKER, BENJAMIN R., The Attitude of Anarchism to Industrial Combinations. Detroit, 1933. (Meulen books, Goldsmith Collection) (FB?)

TUCKER, GEORGE, Banks or No Banks. HUNT’S MERCHANTS’ MAGAZINE AND COMMERCIAL REVIEW, XXXVIII (February, 1858), 147-57. - Sharp, James Roger: The Jacksonians versus the Banks.

TUCKER, GEORGE, The Theory of Money and Banks Investigated. Boston, Charles C. Little, and James Brown, 1839. With the Article “National Debts”, 1815 and an introductory essay “George Tucker and Economic Growth”, by Joseph Dorfman, Kelley Reprint, 1964, VI, 412pp + 31pp appendix. Very limited and often false views of free banking views: pages 16/17. Distinguishes the English, Scottish and US system on pages 342/43 & 363ff. - J.Z., - JZL.

TUCKER, JEFFREY A., A Review of Ron Paul's Book THE CASE FOR GOLD. From 'The Free Market', The Ludwig von Mises Institute, 3/88, in PEACE PLANS 787.

TUCKER, JEFFREY A., It's Your Money (And the Feds Want It). 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 1664 & 1665, p.290. J. Tucker edits THE FREE MARKET, - www.mises.org - On Montana Freemen. - Lastly, and if necessary, we will have to stand up for full monetary and financial freedom, for communities of volunteers, with an ideal militia for the defence of genuine individual rights and liberties. However, a well prepared monetary and financial revolution could be quite non-violent and very popular. - J.Z., 27.2.10.

TUCKER, JEFFREY A., Review of Ludwig von Mises's "The Theory of Money & Credit". PEACE PLANS 740.

TUCKER, JEFFREY, Hazlitt and the Great Depression. - September 1993 - The Free Market - Online at the Mises Institute.

TUCKER, JEFFREY, The Micro-Credit Cult. - November 1995 - The Free Market - Online at the Mises Institute. From my point, however much good these schemes do already do, they still deal only with the monies of monetary despotism instead of those with the monies of monetary freedom. Thus they cannot achieve enough. - J.Z., 19.5.10.

TUCKER, JEFFREY, Truth in the Coin Shop. - September 2008 - The Free Market - Online at the Mises Institute.

TUCKER, JEFFREY, Will Microcredit Save the World? December 2006 - The Free Market - Online at the Mises Institute. - Online at the Mises Institute.

TUCKERMAN, B., Diary of Philip Hone. (editor), New York, 1910, 2 Vols. - McGrane, The Panic of 1837.

TUFTE, EDWARD R., Political Control of the Economy. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978), 139. - White, Competition & Currency.

TUHR/SIEGWART, Allgemeiner Teil des Schweizerischen Obligationenrechts. 2 Halbbände, 2.Aufl., Zürich 1942/44 (zit. v. Tuhr/Siegwart). - Lautner, Der „WIR“ Verrechnungsverkehr, 1964.

TULLOCK, GORDON, Can You Fool All of the People All of the Time? A Comment. JOURNAL OF MONEY, CREDIT, AND BANKING 4 (May 1972): 426-430. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

TULLOCK, GORDON, Competing Monies. JOURNAL OF MONEY, CREDIT AND BANKING, 7, Nov. 1975, pp.491-497. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition. - JZL.

TULLOCK, GORDON, Competing Monies: A Reply. JOURNAL OF MONEY, CREDIT, AND BANKING 8 (Nov. 1976) 521-525. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition. - 7pp, in PEACE PLANS 793.

TULLOCK, GORDON, Inflazione Prolongata. REVISTA INTERNAZIONALE DI SCIENZE ECONOMICHE E COMMERCIALI, 13, 1966, 632-45.

TULLOCK, GORDON, Paper Money - A Cycle in Cathay. ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW 9 (Aug. 1957): 393-407. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition. (June 1956 issue, according to another reference. - J.Z.)

TULLOCK, GORDON, The Politics of Bureaucracy. Washington, D.C., Public Affairs Press, 1965. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

TULLOCK, GORDON, Why the Austrians Are Wrong About Depressions. - Vol. 2 Num. 1 - Review of Austrian Economics - Online at the Mises Institute.

TUPPER SAUSSY, F., The Miracle On Main Street, - “… Saving yourself and America from financial ruin.” - "One of the most influential books of the decade," according to the Bangor [Maine] Daily News. Spencer Judd, Publishers, Post Office Box 143, Sewanee, TN 37375.

TURGOT, A. R. J., Reflections on the Formation and Distribution of Wealth. 1793. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935.

TURIN, S. P., Market Prices and Controlled Prices of Food in Moscow.” THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL, London, May 1920, pp.478-479. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

TURK, JAMES, Golden Sophisms. - CMRE Monographs No.47.

TURNBULL, SHANN, - sturnbull@mba1963.hbs.edu

TURNBULL, SHANN, Creating a Community Currency. In: MOREHOUSE, WARD, Building Sustainable Communities. Tools and Concepts for Self-reliant Economic Change, editor, chapter 24, pp.153-162, - Creating a Community Currency, 1982, & Rural Banking, G.P.E Network Contribution of 2 Sept.85, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 586/587.

TURNBULL, SHANN, Democratising the Wealth of Nations from New Money Sources and Profit Motives. 1975, with monetary freedom proposals, in PEACE PLANS 145/146.

TURNBULL, SHANN, Elements of Autonomous Banking. In: MOREHOUSE, WARD, Building Sustainable Communities. Tools and Concepts for Self-reliant Economic Change, editor, chapter 23, pp. 146-152 - Turnbull, Shann sturnbull@mba1963.hbs.edu

TURNBULL, SHANN, Root Causes of the World's Economic Breakdown. (An Adaptation - by? - of an unpublished paper by Shann Turnbull, 1983.) 7pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.671. - He is still active in Sydney. - J.Z., 2810.

TURNBULL, SHANN, Rural Banking. G.P.E. Network Contribution of 2.9.85, in PEACE PLANS 586/587.

TURNBULL, SHANN, Selecting a Local Currency. "OPTIONS", Sydney, published by "OPTIMISM", in conjunction with the Australian Adam Smith Club, June 1983, 11pp, available, years ago from Centre 2000, which is now defunct, I believe.- J.Z., 16.2.10. - In PEACE PLANS 520. - JZL

TURNBULL, SHANN, What Everybody Should Know about Banking and Money, Especially Bankers and Economists. OPTIONS, May 1983, "OPTIMISM" & Australian Adam Smith Club, 9pp, once available from Centre 2000. - In MOREHOUSE, WARD, Building Sustainable Communities. Tools and Concepts for Self-reliant Economic Change, editor, chapter 22, pp. 137-145- Try: Turnbull, Shann, E-mail Address: sturnbull@mba1963.hbs.edu - which was valid still relatively recently. - J.Z., 8.2.10. In PEACE PLANS 520. - JZL.

TURNER, B. B., Chronicles of the Bank of England. London, 1897.

TURNER, DENNIS, When Your Bank Fails. An In-depth Analysis and Survival Workbook. Foreword by Dr. Jack Wheeler. Preface by Dr. Tibor R. Machan, Amwell Publishing Inc., Princeton, N.H., 1983, 244pp. Opposed to Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and Legal Tender laws, Protectionism, State Socialism. - J.Z., 18.3.10. - JZL.

TURNER, FREDERICK JACKSON, Rise of the New West, 1819-29. Vol. XIV of The American Nation: A History. New York, 1906. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.  - Remini.

TURNER, FREDERICK JACKSON, The Frontier in American History. New York, 1928. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

TURNER, FREDERICK JACKSON, The Significance of Sections in American History. New York, 1950. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

TURNER, FREDERICK JACKSON, The United States, 1830-50. New York, 1935. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

TURNER, JOHN R., The Ricardian Rent Theory in Early American Economists. New York, 1921. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

TURNER, TOM, Publishing History of the Personal Rights Association. 3pp, 36x, in PEACE PLANS 561.

TURNING POINTS NEWSLETTER, Cholsey NR Wallingford, OXON, OX10 9NU, UK, 1985. (Or: c/o James Robertson, 9 New Rd., Ironbridge, Shropshire TF8 IA6,UK. Old or still present address? He likes to point out new monetary experiments and proposals of the Alternatives movement. Brings abstracts or short extracts. - J.Z.)

TURNOR, T., The Case of the Bankers and their Creditors, &c. London, 1675. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

TUSSING, A. DALE, The Case for Bank Failure. 1967. JOURNAL OF LAW AND ECONOMICS 10 (October). - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

TUTT, N., Europe on the Fiddle: the Common Market Scandal. (1989) London: Helm. - Dowd

TWEEDY, JOHN W., Papers. Wisconsin State Historical Society, Madison, Wis. - SHADE, G. W. (1972), Manuscripts.

TWIGHT, CHARLOTTE, America's Emerging Fascist Economy. New Rochelle, N. Y: Arlington House, 1975. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

TWISS, (Sir Travers), Money and Currency. Oxford, 1843. - Alexander Del Mar, History of Money in America, 1889, 1968.

TWISS, (Sir Travers), View of the Progress of Political Economy in Europe since the 16th Century. London, 1847.

TYSON, R. E., Review of White (1984). ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, 2nd. series 38 (May): 310.

 

U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U

UDOVITCH, ABRAHAM L., Bankers Without Banks: Commerce, Banking, and Society in the Islamic World of the Middle Ages. 1979. In Robert S. Lopez, ed. The Dawn of Modern Banking. New Haven: Yale University Press, pp.255-274. . - Fred E. Foldvary, “… The Credit Exchange Alternative for Market Coordination.”

UHLEMAYR, BENEDIKT, Persönlichkeit und Lebenswerk des Begründers der Freiwirtschaftslehre. - Blüher et al, Silvio Gesell, 1960.

UHLEMAYR, BENEDIKT, Silvio Gesell. (1931) - GRÜNES LAND, Inflation und Arbeitslosigkeit sind Betrug mit Falschgeld, 1974.

UHR, CARL, Economic Doctrines of Knut Wicksell. 1960. Los Angeles: University of California Press. - T. Cowen & R. Kroszner, Nov. 90.

ULLASTRES, CALVO A., La teoria de la Mutaciou monetaria del Mariana. ANALES DE ECONOMIA, No. 15, 1944, 273-304, No. 20, 1945, 437-471.

ULMAN, LLOYD & FLANAGAN, ROBERT J., Wage Restraint: A Study of Incomes Policies in Western Europe. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1971. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation. - Slavery was also an “incomes policy”. It set the wages of slaves at zero. - Now “incomes policy” is all too quietly accepted by its victims. They even seem to imagine that they do benefit from it! - J.Z., 3.6.10.

ULMER, E., Das Recht der Wertpapiere. Stuttgart/Berlin 1938. - Lautner, Der „WIR“ Verrechnungsverkehr, 1964. - Wertpapiere haben keine Rechte. Nur Inhaber von Wertpapieren haben Rechte. Aber auch die werden von den Gesetzgebern nicht immer voll anerkannt, z.B. wenn sie Goldklauseln haben. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

ULRICH, FELIX, Depositenbanken als Grundlage des Scheck-Verkehrs, dargestellt unter Benutzung deutscher, englischer und amerikanischer Quellen. 1908, 56 S. Verlag von PUTTKAMMER & MÜHLBRECHT, Berlin. - Fritz Schumann, Die Privatnotenbanken, 1909.

UNGAR, MIKLOS, Geldtheorie und Valuta. In: SCHOENBERGERS BOERSEN- UND HANDELSBERICHT, Wien, 10. September 1916. Der Verfassser lebte in Budapest und ist verstorben. - Knapp.

UNGER, IRWIN, The Greenback Era; a Social and Political History of American Finance 1865-79. Princeton University Press and Oxford University Press, 1964. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money. - Antony C. Sutton, The War on Gold. (#133. Princeton Paperback). - Timberlake.

UNGER, Dr. WALTER, Bemerkungen über die Wertmessung. 1932, in Beckerath papers, PEACE PLANS. 428ff. He was co-author of "Die Vier Gesetzentwürfe". (Siehe Zander's edition and Rittershausen's work Das Andere System. Dr. Unger, another co-author, was murdered by the Nazis. Rittershausen and Beckerath only survived, after the 20 July 1944 conspiracy failed, because a former pupil of R., working at the “Volksgerichtshof” managed to destroy their files. If this putsch had not failed, perhaps, we might have had a German Republic, enjoying not only peace and political freedom, but even monetary freedom, since 1944. Their monetary freedom "conspiracy", once before, came close to succeeding, namely, back in 1932, because one of the co-authors of the “Four Law Drafts”, Dr. Munzer, was a close advisor of Chancellor Brüning - and he could have got his signature to the drafts, as emergency regulations, if, right then, the Brüning government had not been overthrown. - J.Z.)

UNGER, IRWIN; The Greenback Era. Princeton University Press, 1961. Larry Parks, FAME. www.fames.org

UNIT OF ACCOUNT CLEARING: Using gold weight units only as a value standard, for clearing transactions, not as a means of means of payment, cover, reserve or redemption good. As proposed in the 30’s by e.g. the Swiss, Jewish and German School of monetary freedom. -  Email today received from R. C. B. Johnsson: “However, here’s another project, to create an online accounting system using gold as unit-of-account. Since my article, http://www.lewrockwell.com/orig5/johnsson5.1.1.html, many people have asked me for this, people that already use gold as unit-of-account and others that want to. No trading, no actual possession, etc, only stable accounting. - Cheers, Richard Johnsson, Cheers, Richard Johnsson. - http://cn.linkedin.com/in/richardjohnsson - J.Z., 14.7.10.

UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE, Incomes In Postwar Europe: A Study of Policies, Growth, and Distribution. (Geneva, 1967) Chapter 3, p.4. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY, OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY ANNUAL REPORTS, 1908. 1914, 1915. - DONALD R. WELLS. (cited as Comptroller.) - Wells & Scruggs.

UNITED STATES BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, Cooperative Self-Help Activities Among the Unemployed. MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW, March 1933. Reproduced by Edgar Milhaud, in his “Fresh Work Fresh Markets, Appendix D, pp.268-322. - JZL.

UNITED STATES BUREAU OF THE CENSUS, Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times, to 1957. (Washington, D. C, Government Printing Office, 1960). - Temin. - … to 1970. Bicentennial ed. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1975. - Friedman, M., Money Mischief.

UNITED STATES BUREAU OF THE CENSUS, Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-1945. Washington, D.C., 1949. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

UNITED STATES CENSUS OFFICE, 10th Census, 1880. Report of the Manufactures of the United States. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1883. - Woodford, Detroit & its Banks.

UNITED STATES CENSUS OFFICE, 7th Census, 1850, Digest of the Statistics of Manufacturers ... Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1859. - Woodford, Detroit & its Banks.

UNITED STATES COMMISSION ON THE ROLE OF GOLD IN THE DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEMS, Report to the Congress. Vol. 1. Washington: Government Printing Office, March 1982. - Friedman, M., Money Mischief.

UNITED STATES COMMISSIONER OF LABOR, First Annual Report. 1886. (Entitled "Industrial Depressions.") - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

UNITED STATES COMMITTEE OF WAYS AND MEANS, Report on the Bank of the United States, April 13, 1830. George M'Duffie, Chairman. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

UNITED STATES COMMITTEE OF WAYS AND MEANS, Report on the Currency, March 5, 1838. MINORITY REPORT, March 23, 1838. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

UNITED STATES COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, Annual Reports. Washington: Government Printing Office. - SMITH, VERA C. - 1896. - Temin.

UNITED STATES CONGRESS JOINT COMMITTEE ON THE ECONOMIC REPORT: SUBCOMMITTEE ON MONETARY CREDIT AND FISCAL POLICIES. Report, 1950. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1951. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking. - To whom are such reports addressed? Who does ever get around to read them or has the means to check them? Even “representative” territorial government is largely an organized irresponsibility, in spite of thousands of such “reports”, and of a press eager to expose some more scandals in government circles. - J.Z., 4.4.10.

UNITED STATES CONGRESS, Hearings before the Subcommittee on International Trade, Investment and Monetary Policy of the Committee on Banking, Currency and Housing. International Monetary Reform and Exchange Rate Management. 94th Congress, First Session. Washington: July 17,18, 21, 1975. - Antony C. Sutton, The War on Gold.

UNITED STATES CONGRESS, HOUSE DOCUMENT 111, 26th Congress, 2nd Session (1841). - Temin. - Ideas contents? - J.Z.

UNITED STATES CONGRESS, HOUSE DOCUMENT 30, 25th Congress, 1st Session (1837). - Temin.

UNITED STATES CONGRESS, HOUSE DOCUMENT 68, 31st Congress, 1st Session (1850). - Temin.

UNITED STATES CONGRESS, House of Representatives, 62nd Congress, 3rd Session, Report of the Committee Appointed Pursuant to House Resolutions 429 and 504, To Investigate the Concentration of Control of Money and Credit. Washington, 1913. - Sobel, The Curbstone Brokers.

UNITED STATES CONGRESS, HOUSE REPORT 460, 22nd Congress, 1st Session (1832). - Temin.

UNITED STATES CONGRESS, Implementation of the U.S. Arms Embargo. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Africa of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Washington: 1973. - Antony C. Sutton, The War on Gold.

UNITED STATES CONGRESS, Report of the Commission on the Role of Gold in the Domestic and International Monetary Systems. (March) 1982. - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

UNITED STATES CONGRESS, Report of the Subcommittee on International Economics of the Joint Economic Committee, The Proposed IMF Agreement on Gold. Washington: 1975. - Antony C. Sutton, The War on Gold.

UNITED STATES CONGRESS, Report of the Subcommittee on International Trade, Investment and Monetary Policy of the Committee on Banking, Currency and Housing. Exchange Rate Policy and International Monetary Reform. 94th Congress, First Session. Washington: August, 1975. - Antony C. Sutton, The War on Gold.

UNITED STATES CONGRESS, SENATE DOCUMENT 128, 25th Congress, 2nd Session (1838). - Temin.

UNITED STATES CONGRESS, SENATE DOCUMENT 29, 24th Congress, 2nd Session (1836). - Temin.

UNITED STATES CONGRESS, SENATE DOCUMENT 351, 25th Congress, 2nd Session (1838). - Temin.

UNITED STATES CONGRESS, SENATE DOCUMENT 356, 24th Congress, 1st Session (1836). - Temin. - Who can read all that? Not even the legislators could. Anyhow, it was, probably, not worth reading. - J.Z., 16.7.10.

UNITED STATES CONGRESS, SENATE, COMMITTEE ON BANKING AND CURRENCY, Banking and Currency. Hearings ... on ... a Bill to Provide for the Establishment of Federal Reserve Banks. 3 vols. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1913. - SMITH, VERA C.

UNITED STATES CONGRESS, SENATE, COMMITTEE ON BANKING AND CURRENCY, Operation of the National and Federal Reserve Banking Systems. Hearings ... Washington: Government Printing Office, 1931. - SMITH, VERA C.

UNITED STATES CONGRESS, SENATE, COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY, The Credit Industry. Hearings, Ninetieth Congress, second, session, pursuant to S. Res. 233, credit bureaus and reporting. December 10 and 11, 1968. Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1969. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972.

UNITED STATES CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE, Income Policies in the United States: Historical Review and Some Issues. Washington, D.C., 1977, 80 pages (U.S. Congressional Budget Office, Background paper). - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

UNITED STATES COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS, Report to the President. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, 1981. - Samuel Brittan, in Hobart Paper 90.

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BUREAU OF STATISTICS, Circular 32, "Cotton Crop of the United States, 1790-1911." (Washington, 1912). - Temin.

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, DIVISION OF STATISTICS, Miscellaneous Series Bulletin 9. "Production and Price of Cotton for One Hundred Years." By James L. Watkins (WASHINGTON, 1895). - Temin.

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, BUREAU OF THE CENSUS. Tenth Census of the United States, 1880. Vol. 7. "History of the State Debts." 523-645. - Rockoff (1975).

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY. BUREAU OF THE MINT, Domestic and foreign coins manufactured by mints of the United States, 1793-1980. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office. - Rolnick & Weber, Winter 1986.

UNITED STATES FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION, ANNUAL REPORT, 1953. Cited as FDIC 1953. - Wells & Scruggs. - Territorial governments are very productive regarding paper work and printed reports - however, not regarding positive ideas, actions and institutions. - J.Z., 16.7.10.

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, Monetary Policy and the Management of the Public Debt. Washington, 1952. - Paul Einzig, How Money Is Managed. The Ends & Means of Monetary Policy.

UNITED STATES JOINT ECONOMIC COMMITTEE, Congressional Hearings. Standards for Guiding Monetary Action. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1968. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MONETARY COMMISSION PUBLICATIONS, Washington, 1910-11. - - Vol. I: Interviews on Banking and Currency Systems of England, Scotland, France, Germany, Switzerland and Italy. - - Vol. VIII: English Banking System. - - Vol. XXI: Statistics for United States, Great Britain, Germany, and France. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MONETARY COMMISSION, Interviews on the Banking and Currency Systems of Canada. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1910. - SMITH, VERA C.

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MONETARY COMMISSION, Interviews on the Banking and Currency Systems of England, Scotland, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1910. - SMITH, VERA C.

UNITED STATES NEWS AND WORLD REPORT, How Many People Use Credit Cards?" May 23, 1960, pp.137-39. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972.

UNITED STATES NEWS AND WORLD REPORT, November 6, 1978, pp.17-22. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

UNITED STATES NEWS AND WORLD REPORT, Wage-Price Guidelines Abroad - Not Much Encouragement for U.S." November 20, 1978, p.74. - “The current status of wage and price controls in Europe, Japan and Canada (both voluntary and mandatory) is concisely summarized.” - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

UNITED STATES SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, Annual Report for 1928. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1928. - Friedman, M., Money Mischief.

UNITED STATES SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, Annual Report of the State of the Finances for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30,1899. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1899. - Friedman, M., Money Mischief.

UNITED STATES SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, Annual Reports on the State of the Finances, 1790. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

UNITED STATES SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, Report to the House of Representatives on the Condition of the State Banks, 1833-1863. Contains a great number of the reports of the bank commissioners of the several states. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860. - These secretaries serve the treasuries, not the people. - J.Z., 27.3.10.

UNITED STATES SENATE COMMITTEE ON BANKING AND CURRENCY, Federal Banking Laws and Reports. A compilation of major federal banking documents. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1963. - Klebaner

UNITED STATES TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Annual Reports on Commerce and Navigation. Printed as House Executive Documents. - Temin.

UNITED STATES TREASURY, Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States. 5 vols. (Washington, 1837, 1851). - Temin. - One might need an effective life extension treatment - if one is interested to wade through all these records. Just like most laws they are unknown to most citizens - although all of them could be caught in their regulations, traps, prohibitions and get to suffer under their penalties and consequences. - The right to ignore the State, as advocated by Herbert Spencer, in his “Social Statics”, is most important in this respect. A corresponding monetary revolution program should be well prepared and published, so that on D-Day only a minimum of mistakes are made. In our times even some FED publications do already discuss some free market alternatives. But the vast majority of citizens and economists are still not interested, perhaps, largely, because free enterprise, free exchange, free trade, freedom of association and freedom of contract are still legally suppressed in this sphere, under all kinds of popular flawed to false assumptions, myths, premises, conclusions, dogmas and assertions, still not sufficiently, i.e. publicly and widely enough refuted, e.g. in a handbook against central banking and its monetary and currency policies, accompanied by a handbook on free banking. - J.Z., 6.5.10.

UNITED STATES vs. AARON VAN AUKEN, 1878, 2pp. On jurisdiction regarding monetary freedom. 29x, in PEACE PLANS 905.

UNITED STATES vs. GELLMAN, 44 F Suppl. 360, on private amusement part token money. W.

UNITED STATES vs. MONONGAHELA BRIDGE CO., Fed. Cas. 15, 796, 1863, on bridge toll token money, 1p, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 731.

UNITED STATES, NATIONAL MONETARY COMMISSION, 1910, Interviews on the Banking and Currency Systems of Canada. Washington, GPO. - Schuler

UNIVERSITY STUDIES IN HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCE, Second Series, VIII-IX. Baltimore, 1884. - Groseclose, (1934).

UNTERGUGGENBERGER, MICHAEL, Das Wörgler Schwundgeld eingezogen. In: Zahlungsverkehr, Einkaufsscheine und Arbeitsbeschaffung, red. von Edgard Milhaud, 1934, in PEACE PLANS 347/348.

UNTERGUGGENBERGER, MICHAEL, La Fin de l'Expérience de Woergl. Un Bilan. In: Organisation des Echanges et Creation de Travail, by Prof. Edgard Milhaud, Recueil Sirey, 1934, pp 326-329, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 744.

UNTERGUGGENBERGER, MICHAEL, The End Result of the Woergl Experiment. In: Ending the Unemployment and Trade Crisis, ed. by Milhaud, Geneva, Annals of Collective Economy, 1934, 4pp, in PEACE PLANS 769. - Appendix X, pp. 351-354 of: MILHAUD, Prof. Edgard, Ending the Unemployment & Trade Crisis. London, Williams & Norgate, 1935.

UNWIN, GEORGE, Finance and Trade under Edward III. London, 1918. - Groseclose, (1934).

UNWIN, J. D., Hopousia or the Sexual and Economic Foundations of a New Society. With an introduction by Aldous Huxley, preface by Y. J. Lubbock. London, George Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1940, with bibliography & index: 475 pages. - Carnaghan - JZL. In my microfiche edition I added 12 pages in fine print. - His 1943 book, Our Economic Problems and their Solution, 1943, 1944, London, George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 148pp, is just an extract from this book. - It was fiched in PEACE PLANS 1398. - The book is good e.g. on legal tender, token money, inflation, free coinage. He claims on page 182 that no banking monopoly exists in England. Anyone could take out a licence but speaks on page 198 of a statute law giving the Bank of Engand the monopoly for currency. Are standardized goods warrants in Engand, not redeemable in rare metals or Bank of England notes, "currency" in this sense or not? Henry Meulen, who died in 1978, was still of that opinion. Possibly only because he had not sufficiently checked out the later and more restrictive legislation and jurisdiction. Have there been test cases? To the shame of the printing and publishing establishments this excellent book has been out of print for almost half a century! Thus I reproduced it, on microfiche only, in PEACE PLANS 1364. Both titles in JZL.

UNWIN, J. D., Our Economic Problems and their Solution. 1943, London, George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 148pp. Unwin died in 1936. This book is just an extract from his title Hopousia… - JZL.

UPTON, J. K., Money in Politics. London, D. Lothrop Co., 1884, 1895, (Boston, 1884. - Carothers, Fractional Money.) - White, Horace, (1895ff.) indexed, 292pp. - JZL. - I hold that money is used in politics, largely, only under territorial politics, under which politics does also interfere all too much with money. How much would “money power” of competing money accumulators, money investors and money issuers still affect “politics” under the panarchism of individual and group secessionism and personal laws, when each group of volunteers is free to do its own things for or to itself and does not have to win over others by bribes, persuasion, party politics, compromises etc. Issue, acceptance and valuation of competing monies would just be private enterprises, private exchange or clearing actions, outside the sphere of politics. Politics would no longer be in money or money would no longer be in politics. It would be ideas and opinions that would count, also personalities, but only for those, who believe in them. - J.Z., 8.3.10. - The trouble is rather caused by politics in money than by money in politics. Territorial politics is a standing invitation to bribery and corruption. Communities of volunteers, all quite self-responsible, will have little bribery and corruption by comparison with territorial regimes. They can’t redistribute the property and incomes of non-members. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

USHER, ABBOT PAYSON, Deposit Banking in Barcelona. JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS HISTORY, Vol. IV (1934), No. 1. - Groseclose, Money & Man.

USHER, ABBOT PAYSON, Origins of Banking." ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, Vol.IV (1934), No. 4. - Groseclose, Money & Man.

USHER, ABBOTT PAYSON, The Early History of Deposit Banking in Mediterranean Europe. 1943. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press & Harvard: Harvard University Press.. - Selgin.

USTARIZ, GERONIMO de, Theorica y practica de Comercio y de Marina. Madrid, 1742. Fol. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

 

V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V

VALENTIN, OTTO, Überwindung des Totalitarismus. Hugo Mayer Verlag Dornbirn, 1952, mit Namen & Sachregister, 211 S. und Anmerkungen von U. v. Beckerath, 23. & 25.5.56, bereits verfilmt von mir. Eine weitere Bemerkung von Bth. zu S. 66/67, wurde versehentlich nicht verfilmt. Heinz Peter Neumann machte einige Anmerkungen zu Bth.’s Bemerkungen. - Wenn alle solche Bücher bereits digitisiert zugängig wären, dann könnte man ihnen solche Anmerkungen leicht zufügen. - Die gelegentliche Neuauflage solcher Bücher bringt die meisten solcher Kommentare nicht, schon aus Platzmangel und Kostengründen, abgesehen von anderen Motiven des Autors und Verlegers. - J.Z., 11.4.10. - JZL. - I love it that often, for texts online, one can now add one’s comment to them. However, I was so busy with other projects that I haven’t got around to make use of this option as yet.

VALENTINE, D. W., Fractional Currency of the United States. New York, 1924. - Carothers, Fractional Money.

VALIER, J., L’inflation rampante dans les pays de capitalisme évolué. Cujas, 1968. - Flamant. - In this respect capitalism is still quite misunderstood and quite underdeveloped, being under the thumb of territorial statism, rather than capitalistic in the non-monopolistic, free enterprise, freedom of contract, freedom of association, freedom of exchange, anarcho-capitalist or laissez-faire economy sense. - The critics of what they misname “capitalism” are so dumb that they do not even notice this! - J.Z., 10.3.10.

VALLANDIGHAM, CLEMENT L., Speeches, Arguments, Addresses and Letters of Clement L. Vallandigham. New York: J. Walker and Co., 1864. - SHADE, G. W. (1972)

VALPARAISO UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW, Vol. 1, p. 218, Spring 1967, reprinted in 85 BANKING LAW JOURNAL 941. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972.

VAN BUREN, MARTIN, An Inquiry into the Origin and Course of Political Parties in the United States. New York, 1867. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

VAN BUREN, MARTIN, Message on the Subject of Banks, with the [Forman] Plan Suggested, etc. New York, 1829. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

VAN BUREN, MARTIN, Papers. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. - SHADE, G. W. (1972), Manuscripts.

VAN BUREN, MARTIN, The Autobiography of Martin Van Buren. Edited by John C. Fitzpatrick. Vol. II of the ANNUAL REPORT OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE YEAR 1918. Washington, D.C., 1920. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

VAN DEN BERG, N. P., The Money Market and Paper Currency of British India. Batavia, 1884.

VAN DEUSEN & GLYNDON, G., The Jacksonian Era: 1828-1848. (New York: Harper & Row, 1959). - Temin.

VAN DEUSEN & GLYNDON, G., The Life of Henry Clay. Boston, 1937. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

VAN DEUSEN & GLYNDON, G., Thurlow Weed, Wizard of the Lobby. Boston, 1947. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

VAN EVERY, DALE, Disinherited: The Lost Birthright of the American Indian. New York, Morrow, 1966. - Temin. - Via individual and group secessionism they could regain it - but not a territorial monopoly for a whole continent. Some things we do have to share, not only the air ocean or the water oceans, sunshine and moonshine, but the whole planet, while still respecting genuine private property rights. I deny that one can claim property rights in opinions, ideas and expressions. All of them, inspite of the individual input involved, are largely the product of mankind as a collective, just like our languages are, our fashions, our sports, our tools and most of our machines. If American Indians claimed and practised full monetary and financial freedom, under full exterritorial autonomy, then, to the extent that they would to so, they could get ahead very fast. - Most of the goods that we consume were produced, even under the preent conditions, during the last 12 months. Then they could progress very fast, faster than the US pioneers did and, also with much sympathetic support from numerous people with “white” or other skin colours. - All self-help options for former “underdogs” and all too “administered” people. Monetary and financial rights may be the most important minority rights for them, too. - J.Z., 16.7.10.

VAN FENSTERMAKER, J. & FILER, JOHN E., Impact of the First and Second Bank of the United States and the Suffolk System on New England Bank Money: 1791-1837. JOURNAL OF MONEY, CREDIT AND BANKING, Feb.86, 28-40. - Mullineaux

VAN FENSTERMAKER, J. & FILER, JOHN E., Information and Economic Analysis. In: Current Economic Problems, ed. by Michael Parkin & A. Robert Nobay, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1975, 7-52. - Mullineaux

VAN FENSTERMAKER, J., The Development of American Commercial Banking, 1782-1837. (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University, 1965). - Temin.

VAN HORNE, JAMES, Michigan Banking in Retrospect.” MICHIGAN ECONOMIC RECORD, 6 (1964): 3-6. - Woodford, Detroit & its Banks.

VAN MERRHAEGE, International Economic Institutions. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1971, p.23. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

VAN ORNUM, WILLIAM H., See: ORNUM, WILLIAM H. VAN.

VAN VLECK, GEORGE W., The Panic of 1857. New York: Columbia University Press, 1943. - Rockoff (1975). - Woodford, Detroit & its Banks.

VANCE, LAWRENCE, Down with the Withholding Tax. - Lawrence Vance, July 2005 - The Free Market - Online at the Mises Institute.

VANDERLINT, JACOB, Money Answers All Things. 1734, reprinted 1970, Beekman Publ., Books in Print 1985. (FB?)

VANDERLIP, FRANK A., Tomorrow’s Money. New York, 1934. - Groseclose, Money & Man.

VANSITTART, NICHOLAS, (Lord BEXLEY), Nicholas Vansittart (Lord Bexley) Papers. British Museum. - Fetter, Development of British Monetary Orthodoxy 1797-1875.

VASILEV, A. A., History of the Byzantine Empire. Translated by Mrs. S. Ragozin. University of Wisconsin Studies. Madison, 1928. - Groseclose, Money & Man.

VATTER, WILLIAM J., Fund Theory of Accounting and Its Implications for Financial Reports. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1947. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking.

VAUBEL, ROLAND, Choice in European Monetary Union. Ninth Wincott Memorial Lecture 1979. IEA Occasional Paper 55, 80p. - IEA Occasional Paper 55, 31pp, 1979. - (JZL) ‘The lecture deserves a wider audience, not just because Dr Vaubel pours a douche of cold water on all the present efforts towards European Monetary Union, but because he advances a practical way in which European Monetary Union might be reached through an idea very much on the lines of Professor Hayek’s thinking: allowing a “good” new European currency to drive out the “bad” national ones.’ - Hamish McRae, GUARDIAN. - The supposedly “good” new currency, that of the Euro, is merely another forced and exclusive currency by another and even larger central bank. - The uniformity of a means of payment and of a value standard cannot make up for their lack of other qualities. - J.Z., 21.3.10.

VAUBEL, ROLAND, Competing Currencies: The Case for Free Entry. In Dorn & Schwartz, 1983ff.

VAUBEL, ROLAND, Currency Competition in Monetary History. Unpublished paper presented at the Institutum Europaeum conference on “European Monetary Union and Currency Competition,” Institutum Europaeum, Brussels, 1-2 Dec. 1980. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

VAUBEL, ROLAND, Currency Competition versus Governmental Money Monopolies. 1986, CATO JOURNAL, 5: 927-42, Winter. - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

VAUBEL, ROLAND, Currency Unification, Currency Competition and the Private ECU: Some Second Thoughts.” mimeo, Mannheim: Universität Mannheim. (1989) - Dowd

VAUBEL, ROLAND, Free currency competition.’ (1977) WELTWIRTSCHAFTLICHES ARCHIV 112, No. 3, pp.435-59. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System. - White, Competition & Currency. - - Another reference gives: 113 (3):433-59. 435-461. - according to T. Cowen & R. Kroszner, Nov. 90. - It would be nice if all advocates of monetary freedom combined their bibliographical entries in a uniform and mutually corrected databank system or alphabetized list. - Maybe this compilation will help towards this aim. My own mistakes and remaining omissions are crying out for corrections and supplements. I also hope for summaries, reviews and comments. - Electronically, if not online then on discs, there is space for all of them. - J.Z., 28.4.10.

VAUBEL, ROLAND, Freier Wettbewerb zwischen Währungen. WIRTSCHAFTSDIENST, 56.Jhrg, 8 S., 422-428, 1976. - Gerding

VAUBEL, ROLAND, International Debt, Bank Failures, and the Money Supply: The Thirties and the Eighties. 1984b. CATO JOURNAL 4 (Spring/Summer). - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

VAUBEL, ROLAND, Private Competitive Issue in Monetary History. 1984c. In: P. Salin, ed., Currency Competition and Monetary Union, pp.59-73, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

VAUBEL, ROLAND, Strategies for Currency Unification. The Economics of Currency Competition and the Case for a European Parallel Currency. Tuebingen, J.C.B. Mohr, 1978. (Kieler Studien 156). - Gerding + Pascal Salin

VAUBEL, ROLAND, The Government’s Money Monopoly: Externalities or Natural Monopoly? 1984a, KYKLOS, Vol. 37, no.1, 1984, S. 27-58. 32pp, JZL, in PEACE PLANS 814. -Judging merely by the title, he has never heard or seen monetary legislation. - J.Z. - “After a thorough investigation Vaubel concludes (p.45) that “externality theory fails to provide a convincing justification for the government’s monopoly in the production of (base) money.” … Vaubel does, however, leave open the possibilities that peripheral forms of government intervention (deposit insurance, lender of last resort, subsidization of marginal bank accounts in undermonetized economies) might be justifiable, and that government ought to be allowed to compete as a money supplier. The case for a completely free market monetary system would need to rebut these arguments as well.” - White, Competition & Currency. - How can there still be any doubt about it, if one takes note of the government’s laws establishing monetary despotism? - J.Z., 27.2.10.

VAUBEL, ROLAND, The Political Economy of International Organisations in International Money and Finance. Tenth Henry Thornton lecture, London: City University Business School. (1988)

VAUGHAN, RICE, A Discourse of Coin and Coinage. London, 1675. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

VAZQUEZ, DON VICENTE QUEIPO, Essai sur les Systemes Métriques et Monétaires des Anciens Peuple. Paris, 1859. 4 vols. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

VEATCH, HENRY B., Aristotle - A Contemporary Appreciation. Indiana University Press, Bloomingdale, Indiana, 1974. - Smith, Jerome F., The Coming Currency Collapse, 1980.

VEBLEN, THORSTEIN, The Theory of Business Enterprise. New York, 1910. - Groseclose, (1934).

VEBLEN, THORSTEIN, The Vested Interests. New York, 1920. - Groseclose, (1934).

VECCHIO, del, Cronache della Lira. - the only comprehensive study of modern Italian monetary problems. - Mills & Walker, Money, 1935-1952. - I doubt very much that it includes the monetary freedom alternative. What good is a complete survey of monetary despotism, with a strong bias in favor of it? - J.Z., 27.3.10.

VEDDER, RICHARD K., The Great Depression of 1946. - Vol. 5 Num. 2 - Review of Austrian Economics - Online at the Mises Institute.

VEIGH, I. de, Peace Aims, Capital Requirements and International Lending. AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXXV, No. 2. May, 1945, pp.253-261. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking.

VEIT, Prof. Dr. OTTO, Der Wert unseres Geldes. Frankfurt, 1958. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank. - Vielleicht besser: Der schwindende Wert des Geldes unserer Regierung? - J.Z., 3.6.10.

VEIT, Prof. Dr. OTTO, Deutsche Geldpolitik. 1950. - Rittershausen, Wirtschaft, 1960 Auflage. - Nationalismus und Politik haben auch da keinen rechten Platz. Ebensowenig wie bei der Gewichts- und Längenmessung, Watt Stärke und Voltage, etc., etc.

VEIT, Prof. Dr. OTTO, Die veränderte Währungspolitik und ihre Folgen. 1957. - Rittershausen, Wirtschaft, 1960 Auflage. - Jede politische Einmischung mit der Währung hat unrechmäessige und schlimme Folgen, es sei denn sie beschränkt sich darauf, alle vorangegangenen politischen Einmischungen auf diesem Gebiet aufzuheben. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

VEIT, Prof. Dr. OTTO, Die Verankerung des Geldes in der realen Welt. S.677-687, ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR DIE GESAMTEN STAATSWISSENSCHAFTEN, Tübingen, 125-1969-4, Gen. Ec. Review, 8/1970, ORDO, Bd. 31, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, N.Y., 1980. - No notion of monetary freedom and legal tender here. Presumes the existence of “credit creation”. Does not commit himself to definitions. Fits therefore well into most economics departments. Both entries are here only to warn people off. Perhaps he has seen some light in some of his other essays but I am not willing to try any more. Worthless from my point of view. - J.Z. 16. 8. 1986. - Most libertarians seem to take the same stand towards most of the economics writings of today. - There are so many statists. They should subscribe to statist communities advised by such economists, at their own expense and risk only. Moreover, they should not obstruct libertarians in their libertarian economic liberation experiments, also practised quite tolerantly, in their own communities of volunteers. - J.Z., 16.2.09.)

VEIT, Prof. Dr. OTTO, Geldschöpfung und Kapitalbildung. In: Büschgen, Hans E., Geld, Kapital & Kredit, C. E. Poeschel Verlag, Stuttgart, 1968, p.59

VEIT, Prof. Dr. OTTO, Reale Theorie des Geldes. Tübingen, Mohr, 1966. - Gerding) FB?

VEIT, Prof. Dr. OTTO, Reform des Weltgeldsystems. Vortrag am 12. September 1961, Schloß Kleinheubach. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

VEIT, Prof. Dr. OTTO, The Utopian Element in Monetary Policy. THE GERMAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, vol. 8, No. 1, 1970. - JZL. This was disappointing to me. He is no monetary freedom advocate in those of his writings that I have seen. According to the wife of Prof. Rittershausen, he understood at least the old monetary freedom theory. Here he argues even against free exchange rates, as not “realistic” enough, since there are still other interventionist forces. They would promote inflation, according to him! - J.Z.)

VEIT, Prof. Dr. OTTO, Wirkungsfelder des Zinses. ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR DIE GESAMTEN STAATSWISSENSCHAFTEN 1959, S.495 ff. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

VEITH, A. E., In the Wake of Inflation. 1970, 1976, 1986, 70pp. - Christian Constitutionalist and Social Credit man. Against “debt money” and “private money creation”. Partly correct in describing and criticising inflation but does not know the remedy: free market rating and voluntary acceptance or refusal, combined with competitive issues. Wants State monopoly for issue and “proper management”, “constitutional money”. While opposing inflation, he favours everything that really makes for inflation and opposes what could prevent it. Against “gold”, against “usury”, against “international conspiracy of bankers” etc. - J.Z.) Warning!

VELASCO, GUSTAVO R., Either we Import Capital or we Export People. THE FREEMAN, 8/85, 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 1753, p.127. - Under full monetary & financial freedom neither of his alternatives might be necessary to any large extent - but both of these actions should be quite free and voluntary. - J.Z. - Let individuals be free to import or export capital - and themselves! - J.Z., 3.6.10.

VÉLEZ-FRIAS, RUIZ F. & VILÁ, JORGE ALENTORN, Catalogo del Papel Moneda Espafiol. (Scanning error? Español? - J.Z.) Spanien 1976.

VENIT, ABRAHAM H., Isaac Bronson: His Banking Theory and the Financial Controversies of the Jacksonian Period. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY, Vol.V (1945). - Redlich

VENN, THEODORE T., Those Rare Oregon ‘Beaver’ Gold Pieces.” NUMISMATIST 40 (May, 1927). - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

VERBIT, GILBERT P., International Monetary Reform and the Developing Countries: The Rule of Law Problem. New York: Columbia University Press, 1975. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition. - The rule of genuine law is no problem. The rule of wrongful and irrational legislation is. - From my point of view nothing is law but what agrees with natural law, natural rights and genuine individual human rights and liberties, except among the members of communities of volunteers. By their mutual consent they can chain themselves as much as they like, with more legislation than anyone could possibly read, even once, without outsiders having the right to complain about this. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

VERCRUYSSE, M. FRANCOIS, Analysis of the Plan. Proposal by Professor Edgar MILHAUD, of the University of Geneva for Combating Unemployment by the Simultaneous and Joint Creation of Employment and Markets. - The Plan Before the Belgian Association for Social Progress. Reproduced by Edgar Milhaud, in his “Fresh Work Fresh Markets, part IV, pages 207-249. - JZL.

VEREIN FÜR SOCIALPOLITIK, Die Problematik der Vollbeschäftigung. Berlin, 1951. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank. - Only the „full employment“ that is temporarily achieved by central banking and fiscal „policies“ is problematic, costly, irrational, not economical and wrong. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

VERGARI, JAMES V., The Credit Card - Input to the Checkless Society. - in Proceedings, The American Bankers Association National Automation Conference, New York: American Bankers Association, 1967, pp.55-57. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972.

VERHANDLUNGEN DER BANKIERTAGE, Stenographische Berichte der Verhandlungen der Bankenquetekommision. Berlin 1908 und 1910. - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen.

VERHANDLUNGEN DER SPECIAL-COMMISSION FÜR BERATHUNG DER MÜNZFRAGE vom 10 bis 14 April 1867. Unter dem Vorsitze des Freihern von Hock. Wien, 1867. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

VERLAG Dr. SCHEUFFLER, ERFURT, Die Technik des Umlaufgeldes in der Praxis. 1933, 33 S. mit Bücherliste. Enhält 4 Gesellianer Schriften: 1.)Walter Aden: Klebegeld oder Tabellengeld? 2.) Karl Huber, Die Geldumlaufsteuer. 3.) Otto Valentin, „Klebegeld“ - oder „Geld mit Umlaufszwang“? 4.) A. Lichtenberg, Tabellen auf haltbaren Scheinen. - JZL. - Sound money, freely issued and streaming back to the issuers, does not need any Gesellian „acceleration“. If sometimes hoarded excessively, by some, then replacement issues can take place rapidly, so that exchange can go on undisturbed. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

VERNON, JODI, An age-old custom is again becoming a big deal. THE ROTARIAN, June 85, on international barter trading agreements, 4pp, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 739, also, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 905.

VERNON, JOHN W., Banking and Currency in Rhode Island. - in The New England States (W. T. Davis, ed.) iv, 2445-2454. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

VESSÉLOVSKTY, A., Annuaire des Finances Russes. St. Petersburgh, 1871. Another edition, 1883. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

VEST, G. B., The Par Collection System of the Federal Reserve Banks. FEDERAL RESERVE BULLETIN, Feb., 1940, pp. 89-96. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking. - Has all the “court-watching” and reporting sufficiently improved the performance of the courts of absolute monarchies? - Or has it, finally, led to their abolition? - J.Z., 4.4.10.

VETHAKE, HENRY, The Principles of Political Economy. Philadelphia, 1838. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

VICKER, RAY, The Realms of Gold. The Story of Man’s most Precious Metal in all its many roles - from the days of the Egyptians to today’s Dollar. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, 1975, indexed, 244pp. - Today’s Dollar? - It is certainly not the top product of economic thinking and development. - J.Z. - JZL.

VICKERS, D., Studies in the Theory of Money 1690-1776. (1959). - “The best accessible analysis of Law is again in Vickers.” - Cottrell & Anderson, Money & Banking in England.

VIEIRA, EDWIN Jr., Constitutional Authority of the States and the President to Intervene on Behalf of Sound Money. - CMRE Monographs No.39. - How often, if ever, did they make use of it? - J.Z., 3.6.10.

VIEIRA, EDWIN, Dr., Jr., 1.) Pieces of Eight, 1p leaflet advertising the book, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 742. - 2.) Comments to Sennholz, H. F.: Money and Freedom, 3pp, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 740. - JZL. Judging by what I have read so far, it is at least of great value regarding the history of paper money issues with legal tender. His constitutional discussion is more thorough than any that I have seen on this subject. However, monetary freedom should not depend merely upon some formal constitutional clauses and their varying official and unofficial interpretations but should be clearly expressed in corresponding bill of rights clauses, as proposed e.g. by Ulrich von Beckerath and embodied in various human rights drafts reproduced in this series, e.g. in PEACE PLANS 4, 589 & 590. If necessary, these essential liberties should even be protected by armed, trained and well organized and motivated citizen volunteers. See Militia. We had already too many political, military, economic and social man-made disasters, as a result of monetary despotism ruling us for all too long. - J.Z., 16.2.10.

VIERA, EDWIN, Dr. Jr., Pieces of Eight, The Monetary Powers and Disabilities of the United States Constitution. A Study in Constitutional Law. Published by the Sound Dollar Committee, Richard L. Solyom, Chairman, Fort Lee, New Jersey, 1983, 391pp. - JZL. - Reviewed by Brian Summers, very shortly, in: THE FREEMAN, Oct. 84, pp. 639/640.

VIEIRA, EDWIN, Dr., Jr., The Forgotten Role of the Constitution in Monetary Law. THE TEXAS REVIEW OF LAW & POLITICS, Vol. 2, No. 1, Fall 1997, pp. 77-128. Full text may be found on FAME’s Internet website www.fame.org.

VIEIRA, EDWIN, Dr., Jr., What Is A “Dollar”?: An Historical Analysis of the Fundamental Question in Monetary Policy. Monograph No. 6. National Alliance for Constitutional Money, Inc., P.O. Box 3634, Manassas, VA 22110.1996. - www.reinventingmoney.com - Also in THE FREEMAN, Nov. 94, pp. 627-630.

VIELI, L., Die Rechtsfolgen des Checkverlustes nach schweizerischem und französischem Recht. Diss., Zürich 1954. - Lautner, Der „WIR“ Verrechnungsverkehr, 1964.

VIER GESETZENTWÜRFE, Begründung zu dem Entwurf eines Gesetzes betr. Den Umtausch von Anleihen des Reichs, der Länder und der Gemeinden (Gemeindeverbände). Berlin, 28.3.33. 4 Seiten, nicht unterzeichnet. Könnte von Zander, Beckerath, Rittershausen oder Ramin verfasst sein. - J.Z. - JZL.

VIER GESETZENTWÜRFE, Zur Diskussion vom 24. Februar 1933. 5 S., wahrscheinlich von Prof. H. Rittershausen verfasst, über Vorschläge von U. v. Beckerath, mit dessen handschriftlichen und stenographischen Anmerkungen. - JZL, photocopy.

VIER GESETZENTWÜRFE, Verrechnung von Anleihen und Zinskupons. 24.2.1933, 1 S. - Rittershausen? Beckerath? - JZL, photocopy.

VIERTELJAHRESSCHRIFT FÜR VOLKSWIRTHSCHAFT UND KULTURGESCHICHTE. Herausgegeben von Julius Faucher, Otto Michaelis, et al., 1863 and 1865. - SMITH, VERA C.

VIGNON, LOUIS, La France en Algerie. Paris, 1893. - Frenchmen and French Government Actions in Algiers - would be a more accurate title. - J.Z., 26.3.09.

VILAR, P., A History of Gold and Money 1450-1920. 1976. - Joe Cribb (1986).

VILLACAMPA, ALEXANDER, A Basic Inquiry into the Nature and Effects of Monetary Economics. - 6/14/2006 - Mises Institute Working Papers - Online at the Mises Institute.

VILLALOBOS VEGA, BERNARDO, Bancos Emisores y Bancos Hipotecarios en Costa Rica 1850-1910. San Jose, Costa Rica, Editorial, 1981. - Schuler.

VILLANI, FILLIPPO, Croniche di Messer Giovanni Villani dell’Origine de Firenze, &c. Vinetia, 1537. Fol., pp. 220. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

VILLANI, FILLIPPO, Le Vite d’uomine illustri Fiorentini, in the “Collezione di storici e cronisti Italiani, &c.” Tom. 7. 1844, &c. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

VILLARI, COMMENDATORE LUIGI, The Fascist Experiment. (Faber & Gwyer). - Sir Leo Chiozza, Product Money, 1933.

VILLARS, Marquis de, Mémoires de la Cour d’Espagne sous le regne de Charles II. (1678-82), London, 1861. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

VILLEROY, see FRANCOIS DE NEUFVILLE.

VICENTI, JOSE A., Billetes Españoles 1783-1977. 10. Auflage, Madrid 1976. - Albert Pick

VINDEX, Letter to William Clay, Esq. M.P. Containing Strictures on His Late Pamphlet, on the Subject of Joint Stock Banks, with Remarks on his Favourite Theories. 1836. London, James Ridgway. [Vindex: pseud, for … Hannay] - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

VINER, JACOB, Mr. Keynes on the Causes of Unemployment. 1960. In Henry Hazlitt, ed., The Critics of Keynesian Economics. New York: D. Van Nostrand. - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

VINER, JACOB, Studies in the Theory of International Trade. (1937). London: Allen & Unwin. - Dowd. Harper Brothers. - New York, Augustus M. Kelley, 1965. - On central banking rather than free banking, it seems to me. - Are economists afraid to commit themselves to any particular idea by expressing them in all too vague or general terms? - J.Z., 16.2.10. - “The best short account of his specie-flow mechanism”. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System. Chapter 3 & 4: “An analysis of the monetary history and the macroeconomic thought of the first two decades of the nineteenth century.” - Thomas Sowell, Say’s Law. - I.e., at a time when ignorance on monetary freedom options was still much larger than it is today! - J.Z., 5.4.10. - That “mechanism” is dependent upon the customary or legally prescribed metallic redemptionism for banknotes, which can distort the free gold-market to a considerable, unnecessary and unjustified extent. The presumed “right” of creditors to demand species from debtors and from the issuers of banknotes is involved. - J.Z., 25.3.10. - The right to be paid via gold-weight value accounting or clearing and to pay in this way, would practise a gold standard that does not, inherently, lead to problems. - J.Z., 28.4.10.

VINER, JACOB, The Necessary and Desirable Range of Discretion to be Allowed to a Monetary Authority. 1962. In: Leland B. Yeager. ed., In Search of a Monetary Constitution. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking. - Does he examine whether a monetary authority is rightful, rational, necessary and desirable? - J.Z., 22.3.10.

VINER, JACOB, Studies in the Theory of International Trade. New York, Harper, 1937. - Cowen & Kroszner.

VIOLET, THOMAS, An Appeal to Caesar. London, 1660. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

VIOLLET, EUGÈNE, Le Problème de l’Argent et l’Etalon d’Or au Méxique. Paris, 1907. - Metals don’t have “problems” but people have some, usually self-made problems, with metals. - Journalistic headings should not be used in the titles of serious books. - J.Z., 26.3.10.

VISSER, H., Marx on Money. 1977. KREDIT UND KAPITAL 10, no. 2: 266-87. - Frank Vorhies

VISSERING, WILLEM, On Chinese Currency, Coin and Paper Money. E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1877, Taipei, Taiwan, 1968, Ch’Eng Wen Publishing Company, 219pp, at Queensland University, Brisbane, QGU H.G.1223.V5EJ. - Fred E. Foldvary, “… The Credit Exchange Alternative for Market Coordination.” - Groseclose, Money & Man. - On Chinese Currency - (I had wanted to film a photocopy at last - alas, pp 86/87 were missing altogether and the following pages were of insufficient quality: Later I managed to get a complete photocopy and microfiched it in PEACE PLANS 823. By now it is online. How many other titles mentioned here are by now on line? And how many that are not mentioned here at all? - Between all of us we could find out and make all such information easily and fast accessible. No individual on his own could carry this part of the world on his shoulders. If we expect him to - he will simply shrug. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

VITI de MARCO, A. de, Die Funktion der Bank. Wien, 1935. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

VITI DE MARCO, DE, Science Financière, article Paper monnie de l’état. - Recommended by Prof. Heinrich Rittershausen. (d’etat? - J.Z.)

VLEUGELS, Prof. Dr. WILHELM, Zur Verteidigung der Wertlehre. (Kritik der der Ablehnung der Wertlehre zugrunde liegenden Gedankengänge.) - In: Mises & Spiethoff, Probleme der Wertlehre.

VOCKE, W., Gesundes Geld. 1956. - Rittershausen, Wirtschaft, 1960 Auflage.

VOGT, Dr. G. W., Standard Catalog of Mexican Coins, Paper Money and Medals. Iola 1978. - Albert Pick

VOIGT, ANDREAS, Die Staatliche Theorie des Geldes. - in: ZEITSCHRIFT FUER DIE GESAMTE STATSWISSENSCHAFT, 62. Jahrgang, 1906, S. 317-340. - Knapp.

VOIGT, ANDREAS, Theorie des Geldverkehrs. ZEITSCHRIFT FUER SOZIALWISSENSCHAFT, begruendet von J. Wolf, Neue Folge, XI. Jahrgang, 1920, Heft 5 und 6. - Knapp.

VOLCKER, PAUL, The Role of Central Banks. - In: Central Banking Issues in Emerging Market-Oriented Economics. A symposium sponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, August 23-25, 1990. Definitive historical evidence for Volcker’s summary assessment can be found in Charles Goodhart’s The Evolution of Central Banks (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1988). - SALSMAN, RICHARD A. - Thus a freedom advocate found it worth quoting Volker! - Revolutions do not necessarily come only from the bottom. - Some Czars were more revolutionary than most of their subjects. I was under the impression that Greenspan became a hopeless case once he reached that top spot. - J.Z., 25.2.10. - People often tend to rise to a level where they, finally, prove to be quite incompetent. - That was the main thesis of some bestseller some years ago. (Dr. Laurence J. Peter and Raymond Hull, The Peter Principle, 1969.) - However, I hold that certain institutions, like absolute monarchies, dictatorships, and totalitarian regimes, are beyond the capacity of anyone to run rightfully and rationally. - He can’t breathe, eat, drink an defecate for others, either. His ideas and opinions, his limited knowledge and ideas, his reading, are no substitutes for the independent and different equivalents of others. It is the basic flaw of all prophets, gurus, popes and, supposedly, great political leaders. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

VOLLZIEHUNGSVERORDNUNG ZUM BUNDESGESETZ ÜBER DIE BANKEN UND SPARKASSEN vom 8. November 1934. - Gisin (1955)

VOLTAIRE, F. M. A. de, The Age of Louis XIV. Engl. transl., London, 1752. 2 vols. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

VOLUNTARY COOPERATION MOVEMENT, Home Page, with links, 1p, in PP 1733: 125. - A short anarchist reading list is included. “… an address exchange network linking individuals who favor education and self-organization as the preferred methods of achieving a voluntary, egalitarian and cooperative society.” - Alas, they are still hung-up on egalitarianism, although only in a voluntarist way. - J.Z. - http://www.geocities.com/voluntary_cooperation_movement/start.html

VOLUNTARY TAXATION: A Google search, netting 30 items, 697 Kbs, in my first CD, folder D FB condensed, subfolder: Google Vol Tax URLs. This search shows again, that the essential texts are not yet sufficiently extracted and combined. Seeing how much labor, time and money is spent on evading or avoiding taxes, it is remarkable that so little effort is spent upon exploring, combining and publicizing the voluntary taxation alternatives proposed and already tried out. - J.Z. - That was about 6 years ago. Today’s Google search brought me ca 23 800 hints under “voluntary taxation”, within 0.22 seconds. Of these I downloaded the first 10 pages and just browsed through them. Not all of them are of the type that we are mainly interested in. But some are! I have certainly neither the time nor the energy to follow up on as many hints. However, between us, we should. Imagine combining the best entries on a CD. That could be a best-seller. The best should also be placed on a single website. - There are some good news, occasionally, if one keeps looking for them! - J.Z., 3.6.10. - In July 2010 there were over 3 million such Google hints! How many more will there be in July 2011? - J.Z., 16.7.10.

VONNEGUT, KURT, Jr., Player Piano. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1952. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972.

VOORHEES, DANIEL W., Public Finances and the Public Debt Monopoly and Privilege vs. the Laborer - Fiction and Fraud in Creating the Debt The Burdens and Inequalities of Taxation - The Wrongs of the National Banking System-Plans for Payment of Public Debt - A Plea in the Interest of the Laborer. Speech of Hon. D. W. Voorhees in the United States House of Representatives, January 28, 1870, n.p., n.d. - SHADE, G. W. (1972)

VOORHEES, DANIEL W., Silver and Gold Must Be Our Coin Standard. Speech of Hon. Daniel W. Voorhees of Indiana In the Senate of the United States, Tuesday, August 22, 1893, n.p., n.d.

VOORHEES, DANIEL W., The Financial Policy of the Government. The Public Debt and Frauds in Public Expenditures Inequality in Distribution of the Burdens of Government. Speech By Hon. Daniel W. Voorhees, in Congress, May 21st, 1862, n.p., n.d. - SHADE, G. W. (1972)

VOORHEES, DANIEL W., The Political Issues in Indiana. Speech of Hon. D. W. Voorhees Delivered in the Academy of Music, Indianapolis, March 31, 1870, n.p., n.d. - SHADE, G. W. (1972)

VOORHEES, HARRIET CECILIA, Forty Years of Oratory: Daniel Wolsey Voorhees. 2 vols. ed. ny CHV, Indianapolis: Bobbs Merrill Co., 1898. - SHADE, G. W. (1972)

VORHIES, FRANK, Marx and Mises on Money: The Monetary Theories of Two Opposing Political Economies. 1982. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Colorado at Boulder.

VORHIES, FRANK, Marx on Money and Crises, reviewing Michael Perelman’s Marx’s Crisis Theory: Scarcity, Labor and Finance. - “… the Austrian view that Say’s Law is a natural feature of a market economy and is prevented from operating only by interventionist institutions such as central banking.” - CRITICAL REVIEW, vol. 3, numbers 3 & 4, Summer/Fall, 1989, pp.531-541.

VRIES, TOM De, Jamaica, or the Non-reform of the International Monetary System. FOREIGN AFFAIRS, April 1976, Vol. 54, p.578. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

VROLIK, A., Le Système Monétaire du Royaume des Pays-Bas. Utrecht, 1853. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

 

W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W

W., J., Besprechung von Adolf Wagners Theoretischer Sozialökonomik vom Jahre 1909. - in Julius Wolfs ZEITSCHRIFT FUER SOZIALWISSENSCHAFT, XII. Jahrgang, 1909, S.758-760; S.759. - Knapp.

WACHSMUTH, ERNST WILLIAM GOTTLIEB, Europäische Sittengeschichte. Leipzig, 1831-9. 5 vols. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885. - Without sufficient sound money - no sufficiently advanced civilization! - J.Z., 20.5.10.

WADE, JOHN, The Extraordinary Black Book. 1831. Shannon: Irish University Press. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

WADSWORTH, J. E., Banking Ratios Past and Present. - In: C. R. Whittlesey and J. S. C. Wilson (Eds). Essays in Money and Banking in Honour of R. S. Sayers (Oxford 1968). - “A short account of the history of banks' liability and asset structures…” - Cottrell & Anderson, Money & Banking in England. - See CRICK, W.E.

WAERA FIBEL, 20pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 731. WAERA issues during the depression in Germany: 3 hints, in PEACE PLANS 791.

WAGEMANN, ERNST (Prof. Dr.)

WAGEMANN, ERNST, Allgemeine Geldlehre. I. Band: Theorie des Geldwerts und der Währung. 1923, Hans Robert Engelmann, Berlin, 367pp. (Also Berlin 1926, according to Max Franzke, Untergang der Welt-Goldwährung? 1931.) Contains a report on resistance against monetary despotism on p. 263. I microfilmed, probably with the Ulrich von Beckerath papers, 3 notes by him from 13.10.54 & 11.6.55. - JZL.

WAGEMANN, ERNST, Die Wirtschaftsverfassung der Republik Chile. ZurEntwicklungsgeschichte der Geldwirtschaft und der Papierwährung. München & Leipzig, Duncker & Humblot, 1913, 253pp. - According to this work, W. possessed some insights into monetary freedom at least as a young man. It is one of the few reports on Chile's free banking period, largely guided by Courcelle Seneuil and one of the few that brings some details on the private note issues of mines in Chile, called "fichas". Thanks to T. M., I possess a reasonable copy. If I would get reproduction permission, I would, probably, reproduce it, too, but not the later works of W. that I have seen. - J.Z.) JZL.

WAGEMANN, ERNST, Economic Rhythm. 1930; first edition 1928. New York: McGraw Hill Book Company. - T. Cowen & R. Kroszner, Nov. 90.

WAGEMANN, ERNST, Einführung in die Konjunkturlehre. In: WISSENSCHAFT UND BILDUNG, Bd. 259, Leipzig, 1929. SS. 161. - -  Einige Abschnitte in: Konjunkturlehre. Eine Grundlegung zur Lehre vom Rhythmus der Wirtschaft. - Hobbing, Berlin, 1928. SS. XVI, 301.

WAGEMANN, ERNST, Geld- und Kreditreform. Berlin, 1932. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank. - Heft 1 der „STAATSWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN ZEITFRAGEN". - Hobbing, Berlin, 1932. SS. 66. . - The best that I know about him is that in at least one of his books he brings some details on the issue of „fichas“, for wage payments, by mining firms in South America.

WAGEMANN, ERNST, Struktur und Rhythmus der Weltwirtschaft. Grundlagen einer weltwirtschaftlichen Konjunkturlehre. Hobbing, Berlin, 1931. SS. XXVI, 419.

WAGEMANN, ERNST, Theorie des Geldwerts und der Währung. (Allgemeine Geldlehre, 1. Bd.) Fischer, Jena, 1923. SS. XIII, 367.

WAGEMANN, ERNST, Was Ist Geld? Gerhard Salling, Oldenburg i.O., 1932, 87 S. - Kein Vertreter der Geld-, Finanz- und Währungsfreiheit. Er unterscheided nicht einmal zwischen Zahlungsmitteln mit Zwangskurs und ohne denen ohne ihn. - Aber in wenigstens einem seiner Bücher bringt er einen Hinweis über die Ausgabe von privatem Notgeld (fichas) für Lohnzahlungszwecke, durch viele Südamerikanische Bergwerke. Viel später schrieb Timberlake, mit vielen Einzelheiten, über solche Notenausgaben in Nordamerikanischen Bergwerken. - J.Z., 1.5.10. - JZL.

WAGNER, Dr. ADOLPH, (1835-1917.) Klassifiziert als “Kathedersozialist”. Er berichtete jedoch über Geldfreiheit und trat dafür ein, wenigstens zeitweise- J.Z., 20.3.10.

WAGNER, Dr. ADOLPH, Banken und Bankwesen & Banknote. 1866, in Dr. H. Rentzsch, Handwoerterbuch der Volkswirtschaftslehre, 18pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 732.

WAGNER, Dr. ADOLPH, Beiträge zur Lehre von den Banken. Leipzig 1857, 353 S., 29x, in PEACE PLANS 615. - SMITH, VERA C. - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen.

WAGNER, Dr. ADOLPH, Das Bankwesen. In: Schönbergs Handbuch der politischen Ökonomie.

WAGNER, Dr. ADOLPH, Der Kredit und das Bankwesen. In: Schönbergs Handbuch der politischen Ökonomie.“ Bd.I, 4. Aufl., Tübingen. 1896, besonders Abschnitt II: Das Bankwesen und die dort angegebene Literatur. V. - Diehl & Mombert, Vom Gelde. - 3. Auflage in Tübingen 1890. - Obst.

WAGNER, Dr. ADOLPH, Die Geld- und Creditlehre der Peel'schen Bankacte. Braumüller, Wien 1862, 320 S., Regensburg. - T.M. - There is also an Essen, 1920 edition of it by a Johan P...[sometimes I can't read my own hand writing!] Prof. H. Rittershausen mentions it in his, Die Zentralnotenbank. - For free banking, according to Schueller. - J.Z. - Selgin quotes it, more correctly, I believe, as: “Die Geld- und Kredittheorie der Peel’schen Bankakte.” But then the old German spelling is often different from the modern one. - J.Z.

WAGNER, Dr. ADOLPH, Die Russische Papierwaehrung, eine volkswirtschaftliche und finanzpolitische Studie, nebst Vorschlägen zur Herstellung der Valuta. Riga, 1868, 295pp. 307 S. in PEACE PLANS 777, 29x. It was recommended to me by Ulrich von Beckerath. - J.Z. - Diehl & Mombert, Vom Gelde. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

WAGNER, Dr. ADOLPH, Die Zettelbankreform im deutschen Reich. Berlin, 1875. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

WAGNER, Dr. ADOLPH, Finanzwissenschaft. Bd. II, Leipzig, 1880, 2.Aufl., Leipzig 1910-12. Rec. by Holzhauer.

WAGNER, Dr. ADOLPH, Grundlegung der politischen Ökonomie.

WAGNER, Dr. ADOLPH, Papiergeld. Aufsatz in Band VII von Bluntschlis Staatswörterbuch. - Diehl & Mombert, Vom Gelde.

WAGNER, Dr. ADOLPH, Papiergeld. Artikel im „Buch des Kaufmanns“, wo auch auf weitere Literatur verwiesen ist. - 3. Aufl. Leipzig 1909. - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen.

WAGNER, Dr. ADOLPH, Sozialökonomische Theorie des Geldes und des Geldwesens. Leipzig 1909. - Max Franzke, Untergang der Welt-Goldwährung? 1931.

WAGNER, Dr. ADOLPH, Staatspapiergeld, Reichskassenscheine und Banknoten. 1874. - Diehl & Mombert, Vom Gelde.

WAGNER, Dr. ADOLPH, System der deutschen Zettelbankgesetzgebung, unter Vergleichung mit der ausländischen. Zugleich ein Handbuch des Zettlebankwesens. Mit Rücksicht auf die Errichtung von Zettelbanken in Baden, sowie die Bankreform und das Staatspapiergeldwesen im norddeutschen Bunde. Freiburg i. Br.: Wagner'sche Buchhandlung, 1870. - SMITH, VERA C.

WAGNER, Dr. ADOLPH, System der Zettelbankpolitik, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf das geltende Recht und auf deutsche Verhältnisse. Ein Handbuch des Zettelbankwesens. 2. theilweise umgearbeitete und vervollständigte Ausgabe. Freiburg i. Br.: Wagner'sche Buchhandlung, 1873. Mit Inhaltsanalyse und Register, 743 S., 36x, in PEACE PLANS 716/717. - (Since the 1st. ed. is, supposed, to be more in favour of free banking, I am trying to get a copy of it, too. - Not even Economists do always get wiser when they get older. Too often they conform to the popular but false ideas of their times, being merely human. - J.Z., 20.5.10.) - SMITH, VERA C. - JZL. - Photocopies only.

WAGNER, Dr. ADOLPH, Theoretische Sozialökonomik. Zweite Abteilung, zweiter Band: Sozialökonomische Theorie des Geldes und Geldwesens. Leipzig, 1909, S.111-799, besonders die S. 112, 115, 157, 600, 729. (Vgl. darüber die Besprechung von J. W.). - Knapp.

WAGNER, Dr. ADOLPH, Zur Geschichte und Kritik der österreichischen Bankozettelperiode. TÜBINGER ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR DIE GESAMTE STAATSWISSSENSCHAFT, 17, 577-631. - Peter Bernholz.

WAGNER, RICHARD E., Boom and Bust: The Political Economy of Economic Disorder. JOURNAL OF LIBERTARIAN STUDIES 4 (1) (Winter 1980): 1-37; especially p.13. - J.Z. - JZL. - White, Competition & Currency. - Reprinted in The Theory of Public Choice, II, ed. James M. Buchanan and Robert D. Tollison, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1984, 238-72. - According to a preliminary blurb in "The Pursuit of Liberty”, Jan. 80, he calls for de-politicization of money. - J.Z.

WAGNER, RICHARD E., Economic Manipulation for Political Profit: Macroeconomic Consequences and Constitutional Implications. KYKLOS 30, no. 3 (1977): 395-410. - Selgin. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition. - The metaphorical treatment of the economy as balloon in Keynesian economics is sketched in Richard E. Wagner, "Economic Manipulation for Political Profit: Macroeconomic Consequences and Constitutional Implications," KYKLOS 30, no. 3 (1977): 395-410. - Richard E. Wagner, Politics, Central Banking, and Economic Order.

WAGNER, RICHARD E., Politics, Central Banking & Economic Order, Secrets of the Temple by William Greider. CRITICAL REVIEW, vol. 3, numbers 3 & 4, Summer/Fall, 1989, pp. 505-517.

WAGNER, RICHARD E., Politics, Monetary Control, and Economic Performance: A Comment. In Rizzo, Mario J., ed., Time, Uncertainty, and Disequilibrium. Lexington, Mass.: D.C. Heath, 1979: 177-186. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

WAGNER, THOMAS, Arbeitswährung. - Hückel, 1982.

WAGNER, V. F., Die Interpretation der Verkehrsgleichung und ihre Bedeutung für die ökonomische Theorie. SCHWEIZ. ZEITSCHR. FÜR VOLKSWIRTSCHAFT UND STATISTIK, 89..Jahrg„ Nr. 6. Dezember 1953. - Gisin (1955)

WAGNER, V. F., Geschichte der Kredittheorien. Wien 1937. - Gisin (1955)

WAGNER, V. F., Quantitätstheorie und Geldpolitik. Aus: WIRTSCHAFTSTHEORIE UND WIRTSCHAFTSPOLITIK. Festschrift für Alfred Amonn, Bern 1953. - Gisin (1955)

WAHL, F. N., KUVOG, Kaufen und Verkaufen Ohne Geld. 13 S.: in PEACE PLANS 1588, p.1. - Ueber ein Verrechnungssystem.

WAHL, F. N., Erste Hilfe für Alternativbetriebe. Interview with NICK WAHL, von Gunnar Seitz, in German, published in CONTRASTE. über sein KUVOG-System (Kaufen Und Verkaufen Ohne Geld), 1987, 1 S., 29x, in PEACE PLANS 742. Also in PEACE PLANS 793. - As far as I know, I had a short talk with him, many years ago, W. still does not distinguish between currency based on short term turnover-credit certificates and currency based on long term securities, i.e. he is unaware of the immediate or short-term reflux requirement - to preserve the value of a currency. Just like all too many of the U.S. “free banking” advocates, who have given genuine free banking perhaps as much of a bad name as the gold bugs did, with their insistence upon 100% redemption in gold, i.e., quite ignoring the possibilities of monies soundly based upon clearing and also using a sound value standard - but without promising redemption in it but only convertibility on a free gold market. - Neglect of the money and banking problems, and thereby also of their sales, has, probably, also greatly contributed to the fact that productive cooperatives as well as consumer cooperatives - and similar self-management schemes - did not develop as fast and extensively as they could and should have. They left money problems to entrepreneurs, financiers, capitalists, politicians, legislators and judges and popular schools of economists, also to popular notions among voters, shared and exploited by politicians, which led and perpetuated monetary despotism. Just like neglect of genuinely free capital markets and of the voluntary taxation alternatives has led to totalitarian and aggressive regimes and the messes of “Welfare States”. - J.Z., 20.5.10.

WAHL, F. N., RAD, Rechnungs-Ausgleichs-Dienst. 1983, [NICK WAHL], 9pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 742.

WAHLI, ERNST, Pertemonnaie. (1973). - BINN, Konjunkturepolitik am Scheideweg. - Portemannaie? - J.Z.

WAIGHT, L., The History and Mechanism of the Exchange Equalization Account. Cambridge, 1939. - Paul Einzig, How Money Is Managed. The Ends & Means of Monetary Policy.

WAINHOUSE, CHARLES EDWARD, Empirical Evidence for Hayek's Theory of Economic Fluctuations. Chapter 2 of: SIEGEL, BARRY N., Money in Crisis, editor, 1984.

WAINHOUSE, CHARLES EDWARD, Hayek's Theory of the Trade Cycle: The Evidence from the Time Series. Ph.D. dissertation, New York University, 1982. - Barry N. Siegel, Money in Crisis.

WAINWRIGHT, NICHOLAS, History of Philadelphia National Bank. Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1953. - Klebaner

WALDO, D. G., Bank runs, the deposit-currency ratio and the interest rate. JOURNAL OF MONETARY ECONOMICS 15: 269-77. (1985) - Dowd - Are runs on the members of a shop association bank very likely to occur? Or on the issuers of water money, electricity money, railway money, bus money or gas money, petrol money or telephone money? Runs are only to be feared upon the issuers of scarce and exclusive currencies, who made redemption promises that, at least sometimes, they are unable to fulfil. - J.Z., 20.5.10.

WALKER SMITH, NORMAN, History of Commercial Banking in New Hampshire, 1792-1843. (Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin, 1967), p.107. - Klebaner

WALKER, AMASA, Articles in HUNT'S MERCHANTS' MAGAZINE, 1857-1859. Vols. xxxvii, xl, xli. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

WALKER, AMASA, Modern Alchemy. THE BANKER'S MAGAZINE AND STATISTICAL REGISTER, XI, new series (December, 1861), 407-416. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

WALKER, AMASA, The National Currency and the Money Problem. (New York: Holt, 1876), p.18. - Klebaner

WALKER, AMASA, The Nature and Uses of Money and Mixed Currency with a History of the Wickaboag Bank. Boston: Crosby Nichols and Co., 1857, 1860. - SHADE, G. W. (1972) - Mullineaux says Crasius, instead of Crosby. - J.Z.

WALKER, AMASA, The Science of Wealth. Boston, Little, Brown, 1866, 1867. - Barry N. Siegel, Money in Crisis. - Temin - (If this is a free banking title, LMP would like a copy.) (Amasa Walker, 1799-1875, was the father of Francis Amasa Walker (1840-1897.).

WALKER, Australia in the World Depression. (1933) - Mills & Walker, Money, 1935-1952. - E. R. Walker? - What all governments have done in this sphere is, rather, depressing. The worst forms of monetary despotism for over a century - with rationally predictable results, which very few of the supposed experts did foresee. - J.Z. 27.3.10.

WALKER, Prof. FRANCIS AMASA, Address on International Bimetallism. Schoolmasters' Club of Massachusetts, Boston, November 7, 1896. (a) In Discussions in Economics and Statistics, vol. 1, edited by Davis R. Dewey. New York: Holt, 1899. - Friedman, M., Money Mischief.

WALKER, Prof. FRANCIS AMASA, Discussions in Statistics and Economies. 2 vols. N. Y., Holt, 1899. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S.

WALKER, Prof. FRANCIS AMASA, General Political Economy. 1883-84. Encyclopedia Britannica. It describes him as an advocate of international bimetallism. Thus whatever free banking ideas he may have held were confined to this very flawed model. - J.Z., 3.6.10.

WALKER, Prof. FRANCIS AMASA, International Bimetallism. [Prof.] New York: Holt, 1896. (b) - Friedman, M., Money Mischief. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S. - 9th ed., 1947. - Sykes, Ernest, Banking and Currency - Confinement to two metals only as value standards, and then not even in form of parallel currencies, but with a fixed rate between them, is no substitute for free choice among value standards. - J.Z., 20.5.10.

WALKER, Prof. FRANCIS AMASA, Money in its Relation to Trade and Industry. New York, Holt, 1878, 1879, Macmillan & Co., London 1880. 1889, then at Yale. New York, 1891. - Groseclose, (1934). - New York: Holt, 1878, p. 405. “Curiously, many years earlier Walker's father, Amasa, had recognized that deposits were identical with bank notes from the currency standpoint and that deposits represented the most important part of the currency [Joseph Dorfman, Economic Mind in American Civilization, Vol. 3 (New York: Viking Press, 1949), pp. 54, 103].” - “Walker was later made first president of M.I.T.” - Klebaner, Butchart, Groseclose,

WALKER, Prof. FRANCIS AMASA, Money. New York, Holt and Co., 1877, 1878, 1883,1891. - Nataf, Miller, Harry E., - New York, - Groseclose. Different from: “Money in its Relation to Trade and Industry.”? - J.Z.

WALKER, Prof. FRANCIS AMASA, Political Economy. New York, 1883. - White, Horace, (1895ff.) Political Economy, 1887, OLL, 1.2 MB.

WALKER, Prof. FRANCIS AMASA, The Free Coinage of Silver. JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY 1 (March 1893): 163-78. - Friedman, M., Money Mischief.

WALKER, Prof. FRANCIS AMASA, The Making of the Nation. N.Y., 1895. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S.

WALKER, Prof. FRANCIS AMASA, The Wages Question. N.Y., 1876. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S. - How many writers on this subject do realize that this is, largely, a question of the means of payment involved and of the standard of value used? - J.Z., 15.3.10.

WALKER, J. H., A Few Facts and Suggestions on Money, Trade and Banking. Boston, Houghton, Mifflin and Co., N.Y., The Riverside Press, Cambridge, 1882, 195 pp. - I found it poor in its proposals but good in some of its descriptions. A legalist, contradictory on legal tender, mostly for redemptionism and for free banking only with existing capital. - Perhaps others can find some pearls in it. - J.Z., 7.3.10. - JZL.

WALKER, J. T., Some Remarks on Australian Banks and on Banking as a Factor in the Progress of Australasia. AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION PAPERS No. 4, Melbourne, 1888. - GOLLIN, The Commonwealth Bank of A.

WALKER, JOHN R., Bank Credit as Money. New York, 1937. - Paul Einzig, How Money Is Managed. The Ends & Means of Monetary Policy.

WALKER, KARL, Das Buchgeld. Neue europäische Währungsordnung. - Hückel, 1982.

WALKER, KARL, Das Geld in der Geschichte. 1. Aufl, 1959. Lauf bei Nürnberg, Rudolf Zitzmann Verlag, 138 S. - Suhr & Godschalk - - Blüher et al, Silvio Gesell, 1960. - Interesting at least on Bracteaten issues. - J.Z.

WALKER, KARL, Das Problem unserer Zeit und sein Meisterung. A short review is attached to the 1930 book of Werner Zimmermann, Lichtwaerts. K. W. was a Gesellian, Free Trader and Human Rights advocates, who, for a long time, in vain, tried to fight the Berlin bureaucracy to establish a clearing centre. Also the inventor of a money game to educate school children about money. He was one of the few Gesellians able and willing to think beyond Gesell. - I met him a few times but have never seen this book and noticed it only now in the back pages of Zimmermann’s book. - J.Z., 7.3.10. - JZL.

WALKER, KARL, Demokratie und Menschenrechte. Zitzmann, Lauf, 1947. - In this and in other works, he was for monetary freedom, although, otherwise, he followed Silvio Gesell. - Inventor of a game that he offered to schools at a rather high price, which demonstrates internal and external monetary problems and solutions. Died a few years ago. - J.Z.

WALKER, KARL, Gesell, Keynes und die moderne Nationalökonomie. Vortrag, 23.7.1962, erweiterte Fassung,  16 S., FSU-Schriftenreihe Nr. 17, In PEACE PLANS No. 1550, p.118. - Unglücklicherweise sind die meisten Gesellianer, ebenso wie die Keynesianer und andere moderne etatistische Ökonomisten, auch Anhänger des Zentralbanksystems. Die Gesellianer wollen es nur in anderer Weise anwenden. Walker war nicht nur Gesellianer sondern auch Anhänger der Verrechnungsfreiheit und versuchte sie in Deutschland zu verwirklichen. - Alle Formen der Geldfreiheit sind nur verschiedene Formen einer allgemeinen Verrechnungsfreiheit und diese würde "Schwundgeld"- Versuche bald als überflüssig beweisen. - Unter voller Verrechnungsfreiheit gibt es keine beschränkte "Geldmenge". Unter ihr gibt es auch freie Wahl des Wertmasses. - Für ihre Verwirklichung mag eine friedliche monetary Revolution nötig sein. - Experimentierfreiheit auch für alle Arten von Gesellianern - aber nur auf ihre Kosten und Risiko. - J.Z.

WALKER, KARL, Ironie der Weltgeschichte. - Blüher et al, Silvio Gesell, 1960.

WALKER, KARL, Wirtschaftsring. Moderne Absatzwege. Rudolf Zitzmann Verlag, Lauf bei Nürnberg, 1959, 90 S. - - From: Holger Lemme, Newsgroups: cl.wirtschaft.geld - Subject: Literatur-Liste, Date: 17 Apr 95 - Literatur zum Thema "Gerechtes Geld". (No my definition of it! - J.Z.) - Diese kleine Schrift behandelt nicht nur die WIR Institution in der Schweiz sonder auch z.B. Walkers jahrelangen und vergeblichen Kampf gegen die Willkür Berliner Behörden - als er Gewerbefreiheit für ein ähnliches Unternehmen in Berlin beanspruchen wollte. Ein 1939 Nazi Gesetz wurde 1950 fuer immer noch als voll gültig erklärt und die offiziellen Gutachter meinten, Verrechung sei gefährlich für die Währung! Weder die Gesetzgeber, Richter, Regierungsberater noch die entscheidenden Bürokraten waren, wenigstens in diesem Bereich, als Vernunftwesen und Rechtsvertreter anzusehen. - Auch ihre Köpfe ware fast nur mit populären Irrtümern und Vorurteilen über das Geldwesen gefüllt. Ist es heute anders? - Selbst heute sind die monetären Rechte und Freiheiten nicht klar erkannt, nicht einmal unter den Libertären. - Mein Vater, mit seinem Verrechnungssystem, hatte dieselben Schwierigkeiten mit deutschen Behörden und Gesetzen, obwohl Verrechnung, ihrer Natur nach, genau so rechtmässug und harmlos ist wie der primitive Waren-Tausch. - J.Z., 3.4.10, 3.6.10. - JZL.

WALKER, MICHAEL, The Illusion of Wage and Price Control: Essays on Inflation, Its Cause and Its Cures. (ed.) Vancouver, Canada, B.C.: Fraser Institute, 1976. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

WALKER, MICHAEL, Which Way Ahead: Canada After Wage and Price Control. (ed.) The Fraser Institute, Vancouver, Canada, 1977. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

WALKER, Saving and Investment in Monetary Theory. In the ECONOMIC RECORD, Dec, 1933. - R. C. Mills & E. R. Walker, Money. - Which Walker? - J.Z.

WALKER, The Australian Economy in War and Reconstruction. - Mills & Walker, Money, 1935-1952. - Which Walker? - J.Z.

WALL STREET JOURNAL, Bank Board Sharply Lifts Estimate on Costs of Ending Thrifts' Crisis.", 11 July 1988 - Clifford F. Thies & Daniel A. Gerlowski.

WALL STREET JOURNAL, GAO Projects Cost to Rescue Failing Thrifts. 20 May 1988, p.A2. - Clifford F. Thies & Daniel A. Gerlowski.

WALL STREET JOURNAL, On alternative currency issues. August 5. 1914; November 3, 1914; November 14, 1914. - DONALD R. WELLS.

WALL STREET JOURNAL, Some Major Thrifts Rock the Deposit-Insurance Boat. 5 June 1987, p.6. - Clifford F. Thies & Daniel A. Gerlowski.

WALLACE, IRVING et al, Significa/The Money Maker. PARADE, 21.2.81, 20. - “On the other hand, (As opposed to Borsodi’s experiment with The Constant! - J.Z.) the Secret Service found nothing illegal in the issue of gold-redeemable certificates by an individual in Maryland. See Irving Wallace et al., "Significa/The Money Maker," PARADE, 21 February 1982, 20. Gold-coin-redeemable certificates are currently being offered by the Gold Standard Corporation of Kansas City, Missouri.” - White, Competition & Currency.

WALLACE, NEIL & EICHENBAUM, MARTIN S., A Shred of Evidence on Public Acceptance of Privately Issued Currency. 1985, 1p, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 731.

WALLACE, NEIL, A Banking Model in which Partial Suspension Is Best. (1990) Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis QUARTERLY REVIEW 14, fall: 11-23. - Dowd

WALLACE, NEIL, A Comment on McCallum. CARNEGIE-ROCHESTER CONF. SER. PUBLIC Policy 18, Spring 1983, pp 51-56. (a) - Cowen & Kroszner.

WALLACE, NEIL, A Legal Restrictions Theory of the Demand for 'Money' and the Role of Monetary Policy. FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF MINNEAPOLIS, QUARTERLY REVIEW 7, Winter, 1983, 1-7. - T. Cowen & R. Kroszner, Nov. 90. - FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF DALLAS. - Selgin, The Evolution of a Free Banking System. On the outlawry of gold clauses. - Steven L. Green, July 86. - Gerald P. O’Driscoll, Jr., July 86.

WALLACE, NEIL, A Modigliani-Miller Theorem for Open-Market Operations. AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW 71 (June): 267-74. 1981. - L. H. White - I hold the misnamed “Open Market Policy” - of selling of buying government bonds in order to influence the note circulation of an exclusive and forced currency - to be just another wrongful and uneconomic aspect of central banking. Banknotes should represent turnover credits for real goods and services, produced and sold or delivered but not yet paid for and often conveniently cleared by issuing, for the corresponding debt certificates or accounts, either banknotes, clearing certificates or account credits. Neither the market value of infrastructure capital assets nor buildings and productive machinery assets should ever be turned into currency, although they can and are bought and sold, on occasion, for currency or currency accounts or their shares, mortgages and aother capital certificates are. To each issue and exchange sphere its particular media, just like particular tickets to particular performances. What else but a wrongful, uneconomic and legalized monopoly, official fraud or coercion can base a purchasing power for consumer goods in form of “currency” upon investments in land, a factory a house, a business or office building, or, even worse, an official debt certificate that amounts to an investment in tax slaves? - Why should anyone have to deliver labor, services or consumer goods for such “certificates”, which he would not, in most cases, voluntarily “buy” with his goods and services, given the option to refuse such “payment”. Instead: freedom to issue money tokens, market rated and optional, alone or in suitable association with others and freedom to ask for competing sound exchange media or clearing certificates, while using for his goods and service pricing and in the exchange media or exchange methods a sound alternative value standard, one that is agreed-upon! - J.Z., 26.2.10.

WALLACE, NEIL A Suggestion for Oversimplifying the Theory of Money. 1988. ECONOMIC JOURNALF Conference Volume, 25-36. - T. Cowen & R. Kroszner, Nov. 90.

WALLACE, NEIL, Another attempt to explain an illiquid banking system: the Diamond and Dybvig model with sequential service taken seriously. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Quarterly Review 12, fall: 3-16. (1989)

WALLACE, NEIL, The Overlapping Generations Model of Fiat Money. 1980. In: Models of Monetary Economics, edited by John H. Karekan and Neil Wallace. Minneapolis: Federal Reserve Bank. - White, Competition & Currency.

WALLACE, NEIL, Why Markets in Foreign Exchange are Different from Other Markets. 1979. FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF MINNEAPOLIS QUARTERLY REVIEW 3 (Fall): 1-7. - Selgin, The Evolution of a Free Banking System.

WALLACE, PATRICK, Canada's Wage and Price Controls. THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, July 29, 1977. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

WALLEY, SAMUEL H., The Financial Revulsion of 1857. An Address before the American Statistical Association. Boston, 1858. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

WALLICH, HENRY C., Changes in Monetary Policy and the Fight Against Inflation. Pages 147-154. - CATO JOURNAL, Vol.3, No. 1, Spring 83, The Search for Stable Money. - JZL.

WALLICH, HENRY C., Techniques of Monetary Policy. 1981. FINANCIAL ANALYSTS JOURNAL (July/August). - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

WALLICH, PAUL, Die Konzentration im deutschen Bankwesen. Stuttgart 1906. - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen. - Wie dezentralisiert würde es under voller Bankfreiheit geworden sein? - J.Z., 14.3.10.

WAL-MART DOLLAR COIN, Clipping, THE AUSTRALIAN, 22.2.2000, 1p, in PEACE PLANS 1699, July 01, p.54.

WALRAS, LEON, Elements of Pure Economics. Translated by William Jaffe. Homewood, Ill.: Irwin, 1954. - Friedman, M., Money Mischief.

WALRAS, LEON, Les associations populaire, de consommation, de production et de crédit. Paris, Dentu, 1865, Microfilm: Micro-editions Hachette. (Of fb interest? In Freiburg: Etudes, D' 233 + C'567 + J - 0 12.

WALRAS, LEON, Theorie des Geldes. Die Stabilisierung des Geldwertes als das Problem von heute und vor fünfzig Jahren. Nebst einem dogmengeschichtlichen, historischen und darstellenden Teil. Herausgegeben sowie übersetzt und erläutert von Dr. Richard Kerschagl und Stephan Raditz, Wien, Jena, Verlag von Gustav Fischer, 1922, 115 S. - JZL.

WALTER, E. V., Simmel's Sociology of Power: The Architecture of Politics. In: Kurt H. Wolff, ed., Georg Simmel 1858-1918, Ohio State University Press, Columbus, Ohio 1959. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

WALTERS, A. A., Money in Boom and Slump. London 1969. 3rd ed., 1971, HOBART PAPER 44, The Institute of Economic Affairs.

WALTERS, RAYMOND, Jr., Origin of the Second Bank of the United States. JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY (June, 1945), LIII, 115-131. - Remini.

WALTHER, A., Geldwert in der Geschichte. Ein methodologischer Versuch. Stuttgart - Berlin, 1912. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

WALTON, GARY M. & ROBERTSON, ROSS M., History of the American Economy. 5th edition, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, N.Y. etc., 1955ff to 1983, 692pp, but typical for many such books, it has no entry on legal tender in the index! - Seems pretty statist to me. - J.Z. - JZL.

WANG, Y., Early Chinese Coinage. - Sanford J DURST, NUMISNATIC PUBLICATIONS, N.Y., 1981.

WANNER, O., Rechtsnatur und Verbindlichkeit der allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen der schweizerischen Großbanken. Diss., Zürich 1938. - Lautner, Der „WIR“ Verrechnungsverkehr, 1964.

WAPLES, DOROTHY, The Whig Myth of James Fenimore Cooper. New Haven, 1938. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

WARBURG, PAUL M., A Modified Central Bank of Issue. Pamphlet, New York, 1908. - White, Horace, (1895ff.) - Yes, but only for its voluntary victims! - J.Z., 8.3.10.

WARBURG, PAUL M., The Discount System in Europe. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1910. - NATIONAL MONETARY COMMISSION, Publications, 1910-12. - SMITH, VERA C.

WARBURG, PAUL M., The Federal Reserve System: Its Origin and Growth. New York, 1930. - Groseclose, Money & Man.

WARBURTON, CLARK, Depression, Inflation, and Monetary Policy: Selected Papers, 1945-1953. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1966. - Barry N. Siegel, Money in Crisis.

WARBURTON, CLARK, Monetary Disequilibrium Theory in the First Half of the Twentieth Century. 1981. HISTORY OF POLITICAL ECONOMY 13 (Summer). - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

WARBURTON, CLARK, Rules and Implements for Monetary Policy. JOURNAL OF FINANCE 8 (March 1953): 1-21. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

WARD, GEORGE S., Causes that Produced the Crisis of 1857 Considered. HUNT'S MERCHANTS' MAGAZINE (January, 1859), xl, 19-37. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

WARD, GEORGE S., The Early Development of the Chesapeake and Ohio Project. "JOHNS HOPKINS STUDIES," Vol. XVII. - Reginald Charles McGrane, The Panic of 1837, 1924.

WARD, JOHN WILLIAM, Andrew Jackson, Symbol for an Age. New York, 1955. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

WARD, JOHN WILLIAM, The Age of the Common Man. A chapter in John Higham, ed., The Reconstruction of American History. (New York, 1962). - On the Jacksonian period. - Remini.

WARD, MICHAEL, Credit Card Delinquency. BANKERS MONTHLY (London), November 1967, pp.245-47. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972.

WARD, W. & HARFIELD, H., Bank Credits and Acceptances. 4th ed., New York: Ronald, 1958. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking.

WARDEN, ROBERT B., An Account of the Private Life and Public Salmon Portland Chase. Cincinnati: Witstack, Baldwin and Co., 1874. - SHADE, G. W. (1972)

WARE, NATHANIEL A., Notes on Political Economy, as Applicable to the United States. New York, 1844. [Ware, Nathaniel A.] - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

WARNACK, M., Die Entwickelung des deutschen Banknotenwesens. Berlin 1905. - Obst. - Unter gesetzlichem Zwang gibt es nicht genug freie Entwicklung. - J.Z., 14.3.10.

WARNER, DeWITT, JOHN, The Currency Famine of 1893. "SOUND CURRENCY", 2(6), 15.2.1895, pages 337-356. Photocopy only. Reprinted in 1896 edition. - PEACE PLANS 9, also in PEACE PLANS 350-354. - Best essay on the American tradition of "clearing house certificates". A practical instance of free enterprise self-help against depression & unemployment. - Some of his other articles, in later issues of this magazine, will sooner or later also be reproduced in the PEACE PLANS series. (I never got around to that as yet. - J.Z., 16.2.10.) See also under "WITT". - J.Z., JZL. Ulrich von Beckerath's German translation comes in Word to 132 Kbs and zipped to 39 Kbs. JZem

WARNER, JOHN De WITT: Die Zahlungsmittel-Not von 1893. Übersetzt von U. v. Beckerath, 12 pages, from SOUND CURRENCY, 1895 & 1896, JZ email attachment, probably already with the original English version but without the illustrations on www.reinventingmoney.com 131 Kbs, 38 Kbs zipped.

WÄRNERYD, K., Economic Conventions: Essays in Institutional Economies. (1990) Ph.D. thesis, Stockholm: School of Economics, Stockholms Universitet. - Dowd

WARNEYER, Dr. OTTO, Geldentwertung und Vertragserfüllung neben anderen wichtigen, die Geldentwertung betreffenden Fragen. Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Rechtsprechung des Reichsgerichts. Berlin, Industrieverlag Spaeth & Linde, 1922, mit Sachregister 63 S. - JZL.

WARREN, G. F. & PEARSON, F. A., Gold and Prices. New York, 1935. - Paul Einzig, How Money Is Managed. The Ends & Means of Monetary Policy.

WARREN, G. O., member of Free Currency Movement and collaborator for "FREE TRADE AND FREE EXCHANGE", an 1892 periodical.

WARREN, GEORGE F. & PEARSON, FRANK A., Gold and Prices. New York: Wiley, 1935. - Friedman, M., Money Mischief.

WARREN, GEORGE F. & PEARSON, FRANK A., Prices. New York: Wiley, 1933. - Friedman, M., Money Mischief.

WARREN, GEORGE W., Josiah Warren. Unpublished, Evansville, Ind., 1893. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

WARREN, JOSIAH, A Few Words to the Writer in a Paper Called "THE CIRCULAR" on "The Sovereignty of the Individual. n.p., n.d. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

WARREN, JOSIAH, Equitable Commerce. (leaflet). Boston, 1856. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

WARREN, JOSIAH, Equitable Commerce: A New Development of Principles for the Harmonious Adjustment and Regulation of the Pecuniary, Intellectual and Moral Intercourse of Mankind, Proposed as Elements of New Society. New Harmony, Ind., 1846. 2nd. ed., 1849 in Utopia, Ohio, 3rd. 1852 by Fowler and Wells in N.Y., with a preface by Stephen Pearl Andrews. This one has been reproduced in PEACE PLANS 223. I believe that this issue also contains what Rocker calls "The Practical Details of Equitable Commerce", N.Y., 1852. - J.Z.)

WARREN, JOSIAH, Letter to E. H. Heywood. Princeton, Mass., 1873. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

WARREN, JOSIAH, Manifesto. New Harmony, Ind., 1841. - Manifesto, a libertarian document, introduced by Joseph Ishill, 1952, 12 pp, Oriole Press, Berkeley Heights. - JZL. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

WARREN, JOSIAH, Modern Government and Its True Mission, A Few Words for the American Crisis. n.p., 1862. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

WARREN, JOSIAH, Money, the Defects of Money Are the "Roots of All Evil." Charlestown, Mass., 1873. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

WARREN, JOSIAH, Positions Defined. (A leaflet). Village of Modern Times [L.I.], 1853. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

WARREN, JOSIAH, Practical Applications of the Elementary Principles of "True Civilization" to the Minute Details of Every Day Life, Being Part III, the Last of the "True Civilization" Series, and the Facts and Conclusions of Forty-Seven Years Study and Experiments in Reform Movements Through Communism To and In Elementary Principles, Found in a Direction Exactly Opposite to and Away From Communism, But Leading Directly to All the Harmonic Results Aimed at by Communism. Princeton, Mass., 1872. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State. - Princeton, 1873. Apparently unfinished: only 45 pages, of recording his practical experiments, followed by a discussion with the Christian Socialist Adin Ballou on the cost principle. - Rocker

WARREN, JOSIAH, Practical Details in Equitable Commerce, Showing the Workings in Actual Experiment, During a Series of Years, of the Social Principles Expounded in the Works Called "Equitable Commerce”, by the Author of This, and "The Science of Society" by Stephen Pearl Andrews. New York, 1852. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

WARREN, JOSIAH, Response to the Call of the National Labor Union. Boston, 1871. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

WARREN, JOSIAH, The Emancipation of Labor. Boston, 1864. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

WARREN, JOSIAH, THE PEACEFUL REVOLUTIONIST, magazine, 1833, Cincinnati, Ohio.

WARREN, JOSIAH, True Civilization an Immediate Necessity and the Last Ground of Hope for Mankind. Being the Results and Conclusions of Thirty-nine Years' Laborious Study and Experiments in Civilization As It Is, and in Different Enterprises for Reconstruction. Boston, 1863. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State. - 189pp, Clintondale, Mass., 1869, Princeton, Mass., by B.R. Tucker, 1875, Boston, 1881. - PEACE PLANS 218. http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/anarchist_archives/bright/warren/truecivtoc.html

WARREN, JOSIAH, True Civilization: A Subject of Vital and Serious Interest to All People But Most Immediately to Men and Women of Labor and Sorrow. Clifton-dale, Mass., 1869. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State. - Just an article or another book on the subject of “True Civilization”? - J.Z.

WARREN, JOSIAH, Utopia. Ohio 1845.

WARREN, JOSIAH, Warren Bibliography from http://dwardac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/index.html By Warren: 1.) (1863). True Civilization. Reprinted 1967, New York: Burt Franklin. - 2.) (1852). Equitable Commerce. Reprinted, (1967). Equitable commerce; a new development of principles as substitutes for laws and governments, for the harmonious adjustment and regulation of the pecuniary, intellectual, and moral intercourse of mankind, proposed as elements of new society. New York: B. Franklin. - About Warren: Bailie, W. (1906). Josiah Warren: The First American Anarchist,Boston: Small, Maynard & Co. /// Barclay, Harold. "Josiah Warren: The Incomplete Anarchist". Anarchy. 85 (March, 1968), 90-6. /// Bernard, Luther & Jessie. The Origins of American Sociology. NY: Crowell, 1943. [refers to Modern Times, Andrews, and Warren, pp.161-76, 313-86] /// Dorfman, J. "The Philosophical Anarchists: Josiah Warren, Stephen Pearl Andrews" and "Philosophical Anarchism." In: The Economic Mind in American Civilization. 2:671-78 & 3:35-42. NY: Viking, 1946. /// Hall, B. N. "The Economic Ideas of Josiah Warren, First American Anarchist." History of Political Economy. 6, 1 (1974): 95-108. /// Shively, Charles. "Josiah Warren: The First American Anarchist". Paper delivered at the Anarchos Institute Conference, Montreal, June 5, 1982. - A quick Google search today, for Josiah Warren + monetary freedom brought me 10 of 92 hints. - J.Z., 5.2.10.

WARSCHAUER, OTTO, Das Depositenbankwesen in Deutschland mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Spareinlagen. - Obst.

WARSCHAUER, OTTO, Physiologie der Banken. Berlin 1902. - Siegfried Hirsch, Die Bank, 1923.

WARTON, J. E., History of the City of Denver. Denver: Byers and Daily, 1866. - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

WASHINGTON TIMES, Social Security Ready to Call in Treasury Loans. - Social Security Ready to Call in Treasury Loans - “The retirement nest egg of an entire generation is stashed away in this small town along the Ohio River: $2.5 trillion in IOUs from the federal government, payable to the Social Security Administration. It’s time to start cashing them in.” (Washington Times, Tuesday) Get in line. From FEE IN BRIEF, 16.3.10.

WASHINGTON, GEORGE, Accounts, G. Washington with the United States, commencing June 1775, and ending June 1783, comprehending a Space of 8 years." Facsimile copy of the original manuscript preserved in the Treasury Department, New York, 1833. - Schilke & Solomon, America’s Foreign Coins … with Legal Tender Status in the US 1793-1857.

WASHINGTON, H. A., Writings of Thomas Jefferson. (editor) New York, 1854. - Carothers, Fractional Money.

WASOW, B. & RAHMAN, B., Industrial Finance Policy. (Paper prepared for the Bangladesh Investment Incentives Study Unit, June 1985). - White, Competition & Currency.

WASSERMAN, MAX J. et al, International Finance: Theory, Practice, Institutions. Boston: Heath, 1963. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking.

WATKINS, LEONARD L., Commercial Banking Reform in the United States. Ann Arbor: 1938. Michigan Business Studies, Vol. 8, No. 5. - Klebaner

WATNER, CARL, Benjamin Tucker and his Periodical, LIBERTY. JLS, 4/77, 12pp, in PEACE PLANS 915.

WATNER, CARL, Benjamin Tucker's LIBERTY. from REASON, 4/79, 3pp, 24x, in PEACE PLANS 914.

WATNER, CARL, California Gold: 1849-65. 1976. REASON (January). pp. 27-28. - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

WATNER, CARL, Free Banking and Fractional Reserves. THE VOLUNTARYIST, Dec. 87, 2pp, with 1p reply by Lawrence H. White, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 911.

WATNER, CARL, Further Comments directed to WHITE, LAWRENCE H. 1p, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 911.

WATNER, CARL, Hard Money in the Voluntaryist Tradition. THE VOLUNTARYIST, Jan. 1987, 5pp, in PEACE PLANS 793.

WATNER, CARL, Hard Money, Soft Money, and Government Money! The VOLUNTARYIST, June 89, 2pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 905 & 911.

WATNER, CARL, Private Money Firsts. THE VOLUNTARYIST, Feb. 89, 3pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 865.

WATNER, CARL, The Constitution and Unsound Money: A Reply to Conrad Braun's "The Constitution and Sound Money." THE VOLUNTARYIST, June 88, 1/2p, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 911.

WATSON, DAVID K., History of American Coinage. New York and London, 1899. - Schilke & Solomon, America’s Foreign Coins … with Legal Tender Status in the US 1793-1857. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S. - Carothers, Fractional Money. (Multiple references to where I found such a hint can supply sometimes a good hint and sometimes only a vague one on what is really behind a title. - J.Z., 15.5.10.)

WATSON, J. W. HENRY & WALTERS, IDA, The New Economics and the Death of Central Banking. LIBERTY, July 97, 9pp, webmaster@LibertySoft.com -in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.600.

WATT, HUGH, The Practice of Banking in Scotland and England. 1833. London, Simpkin and Marshall. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

WATT, J. Y., The Law of Savings Banks. 1904 Butterworth & Co., London. - Sykes, Ernest, Banking and Currency, 9th ed., 1947.

WATT, PETER, The Theory and Practice of Joint-Stock Banking; Shewing the Advantages Which Will Arise to the Agricultural, Commercial, and Manufacturing Interests of England, from the Institution of Joint-Stock Banks of Issue, Discount, and Deposit. 1836. Edinburgh, John Anderson, Jun. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

WATT, ROBERT, M.D., Bibliotheca Brittanica: or a General Index to British and Foreign Literature. In two parts: Authors and Subjects. Edinburgh, 1824. 2 vols. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

WATTS, V. ORVAL, Money and Free Markets, a Summary, THE FREEMAN, Jan. 1966, FEE. - If this article were not copyrighted, I would have microfiche it. Watts claims here, to have discovered the proper version of Gresham's Law: Watt's Law: Only under legal tender drives the bad money the good out of circulation, while under a free market rate, the good money drives out the bad. He was, apparently, unaware of his numerous predecessors on the subject. A monography on this subject is planned for this series. - J.Z. - Alas, good intentions are not enough. So many basic economic laws, & how far they do apply and the conditions under which they do apply or do not apply, are still not widely enough understood, even among professional economists. In some respects economics, or what is misnamed as such, is still full of mythology, just as is all too much of e.g. religion, psychology, politics, history and sociology. The social sciences are “carried on” by all too many soft heads. Oh, how they carry on! - J.Z., 16.2.10.

WAY OUT, A, Free Land, Free Banking, Free Trade, Free Men for America. October 1967 issue, vol. 23, Nos. 3 & 4. (Siegried Schwenke has a good copy.)

WAY, R. B., Mississippi Valley and Internal Improvements, 1825-40." in MISSISSIPPI VALLEY HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION PROCEEDINGS, Vol. IV. - Reginald Charles McGrane, The Panic of 1837, 1924.

WAYLAND, FRANCIS, Elements of Political Economy. 1837, 3rd. ed., Boston, 1840. Against regulation of banks. - (I saw it somewhere and found at least pages 15, 114-121, 126/127, 193-95, 205-206 interesting. - J.Z.) - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

WEATHERFORD, JACK, Indian Givers. New York: Fawcett Columbine, 1988. - www.reinventingmoney.com

WEATHERFORD, JACK, The History of Money. New York: Three Rivers Press, 1997. - www.reinventingmoney.com

WEAVER, C. C., Internal Improvements in North Carolina previous to 1860. "JOHNS HOPKINS STUDIES," Vol. XXI. - Reginald Charles McGrane, The Panic of 1837, 1924.

WEBB, D. C., Comment' on L. Anderlini, 'Competitive banking in a simple model'. In: J. Edwards et al. (eds) Recent Advances in Corporate Finance, Investment and Taxation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (1986) - Dowd

WEBBE, JOHN, A Discourse Concerning Paper Money, etc. Philadelphia, 1743. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

WEBER, Prof. ADOLF, Depositenbanken und Spekulationsbanken. Ein Vergleich deutschen und englischen Bankwesens. [Prof.] Leipzig 1902. - Obst. - 2. Aufl. Leipzig, 1915. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

WEBER, Prof. ADOLF, Die Geldqualitaet der Banknote. Eine juristisch-nationalökonomische Untersuchung. Dissertation, Leipzig 1900. - Obst. - rec. by Rittershausen. - Seems to me of possible interest only to students of law and commerce. Its economics did not impress me. - J.Z. - At Freiburg Uni. Well, written and published before he was a professor, but for alphabetization of his input I included his later professional title here. - J.Z.

WEBER, Prof. ADOLF, Geld, Banken und Börsen. 5. Aufl., 1955. - Rittershausen, Wirtschaft, 1960 Auflage.

WEBER, Prof. ADOLF, Grundzüge des Bankwesens. - In: WIRTSCHAFT UND RECHT DER GEGENWART. Tübingen 1912. - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen. - Unter dem Unrecht der staatlichen Gesetzgebung! - J.Z., 27.3.10.

WEBER, Prof. ADOLF, Übergangswirtschaft und Geldordnung. Richard Pflaum-Verlag, München 2, 1946, XXVI + 172 S. - JZL.

WEBER, CHARLES E., A Closer Look at Gold. THE FREEMAN, Sept. 1972, pp.533-544. - On private coinage rights with regard to gold. - J.Z. - 9pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.415. - Too close a look at one aspect only - does diminish the understanding of the whole. - J.Z., 28.2.10.

WEBER, CHARLES E., American Money: Past, Present and Future. THE FREEMAN, Aug. 76 pp.479-484. - 6pp, in PEACE PLANS 806. - 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.412.

WEBER, ERNST JUERG, Currency Competition in Switzerland, 1826-1850. KYKLOS, vol. 41, no. 3, pp 459-78. 1988 - Schuler. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System. - 19pp, in PEACE PLANS 814.

WEBER, ERNST JUERG, Free banking in Switzerland after the liberal revolutions in the nineteenth century. (1992) Published as chapter 10 of Kevin Dowd (ed.), The Experience of Free Banking, London: Routledge. -Even in Switzerland it was never quite free, I believe. At least it was still held up by insistence upon metallic redemptionism, which subjected the exchange media supply largely to two scarce metals, which tended to be strongly hoarded during wars, revolutions and civil wars and not rapidly replaced then by other exchange media merely reckoning in gold or silver weight units. Rothbard wrongly assumed that price adaption to a rare metal coin scarcity would be fast and efficient. He overlooked, e.g., that while fallen prices do encourage buying, falling price do deter from it. - J.Z., 4.6.10.

WEBER, JOHN & BRAMBLE, OAKLEY R., Gold! The Ultimate Hedge. Bramble Minibooks, Lansing, MI, 1973, 64pp. - JZL.

WEBER, M., Die Produktionsgenossenschaften im Gewerbe. Referat, gehalten im Kurs vom 15.-17. Oktober 1942 im genossenschaftlichen Seminar, Freidorf bei Basel. - Gisin (1955) - Probably Max Weber. - J.Z.

WEBER, MAX, The Theory of Social & Economic Organization. London 1947. Part 1 of Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, translated from the German by A. R. Henderson and Talcott Parsons with an Introduction by Talcott Parsons. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

WEBER, R., Die Legitimationspapiere im schweizerischen Recht. Diss., Zürich 1956. - Lautner, Der „WIR“ Verrechnungsverkehr, 1964.

WEBER, WARREN E., see ROLNICK, ARTHUR J.

WEBER, WILLIAM L., Discovery and Development of the Salt Interest in the Saginaw Valley. MPHC, 4 (1881): 13-23. - Woodford, Detroit & its Banks.

WEBSITES ON MONETARY REFORM OR MONETARY EXERIMENTS. Some might be still valid now. Joe Jones, whose email address of 2002 is defunct by now, referred me then to the following websites on monetary reform: http://ccdev.lets.net - - http://lentils.imagineis.com/letslist - - http://asso.francenet.fr/sel - - http://homepages.ihug.co.nz/~cave/ - - http://sane.org.za - - www.azstarnet.com/~circwww.schumachersociety.org - - www.progress.org/geonomy - - www.s-o-l.org - - www.communitycurrency.org - - www.communityway.org - - www.transaction.net/money - - www.cyberclass.net/turmel/ - - www.gmlets.u-net.com - - www.jiscmail.ac.uk/docs/ - - www.monetary-reform.on.ca/main.shtml - - www.lets.org.au - - www.borderlands.org.au/ - - www.strohalm.nl - www.jak.se - - www.wir.ch - - www.talent.ch - - www.letslinkuk.org - - www.bcbc.ab.ca - - www.openmoney.org - - www.web.net/~lets - - www.web.net/~tordoll - - www.commonweal.com - - www.rhd.org/equal.html - - www.favors.org - - www.timedollar.org - - www.tucsontraders.org - - www.truequeclub.com (Barter for the World) - - www.geocities.com/RainForest/Canopy/5413/index.html (World Barter) - - Alas, an up to day directory to all such sites, emails or postal addresses may still be missing. - But many minds are already on such subjects and at least some of them are not over-burdened by too many of the ancient errors, prejudices and myths. Anyhow, via sufficient collaboration even these could and should mutually enlighten each other. - J.Z., 11.2.10. See also under Greco, his list of URL’s. See also: ALTERNATIVE MONEY SYSTEMS compiled by the NCN Money Team. A comprehensive links list would list them all, together with an abstract on their specialty. - J.Z.

WEBSTER, DANIEL, Speech on Jackson’s Veto of the United States Bank Bill, July 11, 1832. - In: Richard Hofstadter, Great Issues in American History, A Vintage Book, 1958. - JZL.

WEBSTER, DANIEL, The Works of Daniel Webster. 6 vols. Boston, 1851. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

WEBSTER, PELATIAH, Essay on Money, as a Medium of Commerce. Philadelphia, 1786. - Redlich

WEBSTER, PELATIAH, Not Worth A Continental. IN BRIEF, Vol. 4(?) 5, No. 3, FEE, 1950, 22 small pages. First published 1780 in Philadelphia, under the title “Strictures On Tender Acts”. -Also in his “Political Essays, on the nature and operation of money, public finance and other subjects”, 1791, 504pp, with annotations by Percy L. Greaves and with notes by J.Z., in PEACE PLANS 42-44 & 994/95. - Excellent on forced currency. One of the oldest and best articles against legal tender and its usual abuse by governments and their central note-issuing bank or, formerly, its mint. “Political Essays " was microfiched in PEACE PLANS 994/95. Probably many other such valuable pamphlets of FEE are by now out of print, instead of all being offered in print, at least online, on microfiche & on disks. A Burt Franklin reprint came out in 1969. In my first CD, folder D FB condensed, file: FB Webster Not Worth a Continental, 33 Kbs, RTF. - J.Z. JZL.

WERKHEISER, DON, Geld. in German, 73 Kbs, HTML, in my first CD, folder D FB condensed FBDon Werkheiser GELD..

WEBSTER, PELATIAH, Political Essays on the Nature and Operation of Money, Public Finances, and Other Subjects. J. Crukshank, Philadelphia, 1791, 504pp, and New York: B. Franklin, 1969. - PEACE PLANS 994/95. - Pages 65-66: “Webster is generally regarded as the first American economist of note; his works include a good many comments on the price and wage controls of his time.” - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation. - Essays originally published, 1776-1790. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

WEBSTER, WILLIAM H., Bank Charge Cards - Recent Developments in Regulation and Operation. THE BUSINESS LAWYER, Section of Corporation, Banking and Business Law of The American Bar Association, Vol. 26, No. 1, September 1970, pp.43-57. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972.

WEED, THURLOW, Autobiography. Edited by Harriet A. Weed. Boston, 1883. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

WEEDEN, WILLIAM (B. OR R.) I got the same titles several times listed under Weeden, William B. and under Weeden, William R. Take your pick! - J.Z.)

WEEDEN, WILLIAM B., Early Rhode Island. New York, 1910. - Carothers, Fractional Money.

WEEDEN, WILLIAM B., Economic and Social History of New England, 1620-1789. 2 vols. Boston, Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1890. - Carothers, Fractional Money.

WEEDEN, WILLIAM B., Indian Money as a Factor in New England Civilization. Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, 1884. - Carothers - Groseclose, (1934).

WEEKS, J., Capital and Exploitation. 1981. Princeton: Princeton University Press. - Frank Vorhies. We rather need titles like”Tools, machines and capital as means to boost the earnings of labor.” - to counter the anti-capitalist mentality, together with titles on self-management options, like autonomous work groups, productive coops and essays on the purchase of enterprises by their employees, which can be mostlyl achieved on easy terms over a few years, seeing the size of the salary and wage bill of most enterprises. But this requires thinking outside the traditional and hierarchical employer-employee relationship, which was so far more likely to come from the side of the employers rather than from that of the employees. Too many employees prefer complaining and unjustified accusations to rightful and rational self-help steps. - Within ten to 15 years the employees could come to own most enterprises, if they really wanted to, apart from some very capital-intensive ones. Facts and figures on this exist abundantly but are still insufficiently combined and popularized. Ulrich von Beckerath wrote much on this, usually in combination with some published profit and loss report by a firm. Alas, he, too, did not get around to put his proposals on this together, in book form. Whatever manuscript he had on this, until Nov. 1944, was burned in an air raid on Berlin. - J.Z., 4.6.10.

WEEKS, STEPHEN B., Christopher Bechtler. NUMISMATIST 25 (August, 1912). - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

WEGELIN, WALTER, Tauschsozialismus und Freigeld. Schweitzer Verlag, München, Berlin, Leipzig, 1921, 122pp, 29x in PEACE PLANS 568. Mit Besprechungen ueber Proudhon, Rodbertus, Solvay, Flürscheim and Spencer. - No note issue of any central bank, even one applying Gesell’s notions, should be called „Freigeld”. That is as misleading as the “freedom” promised by Nazis, Soviets, Maoists etc. - J.Z.

WEIDENBAUM, M., Fiscal Policies and Inflation In: CONFERENCE BOARD ECONOMIC FORUM, Inflation in the United States: Causes and Consequences, New York, 1974. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

WEIDENHAMMER, Prof. Dr. ROBERT M., Can Monetary and Fiscal Policy Cope with Very Large Budget Deficits? In: Büschgen, Hans E., Geld, Kapital & Kredit, C. E. Poeschel Verlag, Stuttgart, 1968, p.91. - Can territorial governments really and properly cope with any problem, or are they only good in creating them? - J.Z., 13.4.10.

WEIDENHAMMER, Prof. Dr. ROBERT M., Währungssystem und Gesellschaftsordnung in den Vereinigten Staaten. OFFENE WELT, Zeitschrift für Wirtschaft, Politik und Gesellschaft, Nr.61, Mai/Juni 1959. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

WEIGAND, WILHELM, Der Abbé Galiani. Ludwig Röhrscheid Verlag, Bonn, 1948, geschrieben schon 1906-1913, aber der Weltkrieg verhinderte die geplante Veroeffentlichung in 1914. 282 S. - Galiani schrieb Della Moneta, Napoli, 1750, 1789, 416 S. - JZL.

WEILL, N. E., Die Solidarität der Geldmärkte. Frankfurt a. M. 1903. - Obst. - Does the notion of “solidarity” add to the concept and practice of free markets or does is subtract from it or confuse the issue? - J.Z., 21.5.10.

WEIMER, ARTHUR M. & HOYT, HOMER, Real Estate. 5th ed., New York: Ronald, 1966. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking.

WEINBERGER, Mathematische Volkswirtschaftslehre. - Hückel, 1982.

WEINGARTEN, BENJAMIN, The Cause of Japan’s Boom and the Reasons for its Prolonged Bust. - December 28, 2008 - Mises Institute Working Papers

WEINGARTNER, RUDOLPH H., Experience and Culture. Wesleyan University Press, 1962, p.84. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

WEINGARTNER, RUDOLPH H., Form and Content in Simmel's Philosophy of Life. - from Georg Simmel, The Conflict in Modern Culture and other Essays. Translated, with an Introduction, by K. Peter Etzkorn, 1968. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

WEINTRAUB, ROBERT E., The New Role for Gold in U. S. Monetary Policy. Chapter 9 of: SIEGEL, BARRY N., Money in Crisis, editor, 1984. - As if gold were merely an actor, who is assigned his role by the director and we were merely to play to the passive spectators of its “performance”. Does this writer defend free choice of value standards and of exchange media and clearing options? - J.Z., 21.5.10.

WEINTRAUB, ROBERT E., What Type of Monetary Rule? CATO JOURNAL, Vol.3, No. 1, Spring 83, The Search for Stable Money. pp.171-184. Comment by Leif Olsen, pp.185-188. - JZL.

WEISENBURGER, FRANCIS P., The Passing of the Frontier, 1825-50. Vol.III of The History of the State of Ohio. Columbus, 1941. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

WEISHAAR, WAYNE & PARRISH, WAYNE W., Men Without Money. The Challenge of Barter and Scrip. New York, G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1933, 111pp. No index or literature list. - All too many wrong or insufficient or incomplete methods, false premises and aims are reported here. But also self-help practices, however flawed still and full of misjudgments, wrong opinions, assumptions ideas and proposals. It brings details on the scrip issues of the thirties. Also some details on a very rare book on money by Charles A. Lindbergh, the father of the famous flyer, on pages 108ff. See the separate entry on him. - JZL.

WEISS, MARTIN D., The Great Money Panic. Arlington House, 1981. - Dr. James L. Green, Investments and Sound Money, in MM, undated. - Money does not panic. People do. Especially if they are made dependent upon a monopoly supplier of exchange media and their value standard. - J.Z., 4.6.10.

WEISS, STEVEN J., Commercial Bank Price Competition: The Case of 'Free' Checking Accounts. NEW ENGLAND ECONOMIC REVIEW (Sept.-Oct. 1969): 3-22. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

WEISS, YORAM. Price Control in Israel. ECONOMIC REVIEW (The Bank of Israel), March, 1971, p.73. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation. - Under territorialism and in Israel, too, the informed minds do not determine the official policies but the uninformed, prejudiced and often quite immoral ones of the power addicts - do. - J.Z., 20.3.10. - All the monetary and financial mistakes made in Israel are good refutations of the popular and false notions among antisemites, that “the” Jews would be “masters of money” and clever financial conspirators, exploiting all others. They simply legislated and imposed all the errors, mistakes and prejudices of other nations in this sphere and would not listen at all to a few Jews like e.g. Dr. Walter Zander, who knew and wrote about the monetary and financial freedom alternative.

WELCH, ROBERT, What Is Money? Reprint Series pamphlet of AMERICAN OPINION, reprinted by permission from the April 1920 BULLETIN of The John Birch Society, Belmont, Massachusetts 02178. 18pp. - JZL., photocopy. - It starts out with a quote from Horace: “Money will be slave or master.” - In the back it recommends e.g. The People’s Pottage, by Garet Garrett. - Economics in One Lesson, by Henry Hazlitt. - Fiat Money Inflation in France, by Andrew Dixon White. - J.Z.

WELDON, LU GENE, An I.O.U. for Emily. - "A Breezy Novel about a Lady who Fights the Biggest City Hall of them All - the Federal Government." Arlington House, New Rochelle, N.Y.,1967, 208pp. - She favours free banking, at least on pp.125/6 & 135. The book was recommended to me by Dr. George Boardman, deceased, and his follower Karlis Paucitis, with whom I lost contact, unfortunately, many years ago. Now I would like to collaborate with him to get all of B's and P's libertarian writings onto microfiche, or disc or online. Copyrights will probably see to it that Weldon's delightful story will remain out of print for another few decades. - It describes not only a strike by an employer against the withholding tax for employees but also a monetary freedom case, one of a scrip issue by an employer, for wage payments. This amounted to the issue of goods- and service vouchers with shop foundation, based upon the credit which this employer had with the local retailers and clearing transactions with them. Once the first issue of these notes was confiscated by government agents, a second issue was made, with different numbers. No constitutional or legal obstacles was found or seen in this case, described in this novel. But the whole case was kept of the public accounts of the firm. Whether this employer, Emily, could have got away with this in the long run, under monetary despotism, is rather doubtful to me. But since the wage payments and local retail turnovers went on, undisturbed, no local person was likely to complain, except, perhaps, some fanatical trade unionist. The more natural issuers of wage payment means for her would have been an association of the local shops. - J.Z., 3.4.10. - JZL. - Needed is an archive and an anthology, permanently in print or available digitally, of all such cases, with enlightening comments. Each new experimenter with monetary freedom should have access to all prior experiments with it. Only thus can old and new mistakes in issue and reflux arrangements become minimized. - J.Z., 21.5.10.

WELLARD, JAMES, Babylon. (New York: Saturday Review Press, 1972). - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

WELLINGTON, RAYNOR G., The Political and Sectional Influence of the Public Lands, 1828-42. Cambridge: Riverside Press, 1914. - Temin. - In all too many spheres governments remain territorial monopolists - with the usual consequences of monopolies. - A free market in land titles is almost as important as a free market in exchange media, value standards, labor, goods, services and capital. - Public land is usually held at the public’s expense and risk and is the least well managed land. - J.Z., 21.5.10.

WELLS, A., Recent Economic Changes. Appleton, N. Y., 1888. - “The history of the period from the close of the Civil War.” - Smitley, Popular Financial Delusions, 1933. - David A. Wells? Why are so many bibliographical entries so incomplete, especially when it comes to common names? - J.Z.

WELLS, D. A., Letter to Thomas Farrer on the use of paper currency in the State of California, Sept. 21, 1887. In Gold and Silver Commission Report, London, 1887, II/93/94. - JZL. Legal tender paper money was rejected THERE, in favour of gold coins, even during the time of the civil war. Probably it did help to be so far away from the centres political of powers, which were then primarily engaged in their military struggle. - J.Z.

WELLS, D. C., Review. 4pp, in Yale Review, May 1896, of Hake & Wesslau : The Coming Individualism, in PEACE PLANS 795.

WELLS, DAVID A., Practical Economies. N.Y., 1894. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S.

WELLS, DAVID A., Recent Economic Changes. N. Y., 1890, 1893. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S. - See above under A. Wells, which may be the same author and title under another date of publication.

WELLS, DAVID A., Recent Financial, Industrial and Commercial Experiences of the United States. Cobden Club Essays, 2nd Series. London, 1872. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S. - Anything of free banking interest in his writings? - J.Z., 15.3.10.

WELLS, DONALD R. & SCRUGGS, L. S., Deposit Insurance for Financial Intermediaries: An Historical Perspective. Paper presented at the 20th. meeting of the Missouri Valley Economics Association, Kansas City, Missouri, 3 March 1984.

WELLS, DONALD R. & SCRUGGS, L. S., Historical Insights into the Deregulation of Money and Banking. CATO JOURNAL, vol. 5, no.3, Winter, pp 899-910, 1986. - JZL. - PEACE PLANS 899. - Schuler

WELLS, DONALD R., & SCRUGGS, L. S., The Banking System of Canada 1817-1890.” New York: MacMillan, 1895. - DONALD R. WELLS.

WELLS, DONALD R. & SCRUGGS, L. S., The Free Banking Alternative. THE FREEMAN, 2/85, 98-103. - 5pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.432. - Online at the Mises Institute, in THE FREEMAN.

WELLS, DONALD R. & SCRUGGS, L. S., Toward Free Banking. Moving toward a fully deregulated financial system. - From a paper presented to the Southwestern Economics Association in San Antonio, Texas, on March 20, 1086, reproduced in THE FREEMAN, July 1986. All the issues of this magazine from 1950 onwards are now online at the Mises Institute website. This article was reproduced in PEACE PLANS 970. - Also, 8pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.437. JZL. - Photocopy sent to me by Mark Sullivan, Oct. 1988.

WELLS, DONALD R., Banking before the Federal Reserve. The U.S. and Canada Compared. THE FREEMAN, VOL. 37, issue 6, 1987, with short bibliography, pp, 231-235 - and some comments online. URL Sent by email 6.5.10. - 7pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.425. - “Conclusion: From hindsight we know that both legal and illegal emergency currency outperformed the Federal Reserve during the credit implosion of the early 1930s. …”(All issues are online at the Mises Institute!) - This article brings 13 useful references, which I included - if I did not do so already before, from other sources. - The online articles do also often offer some comments from readers. - J.Z. “At the time of the original publication, Professor Wells taught in the Department of Economics at Memphis State University, Memphis, Tennessee.”

WELLS, H. G., Outline of History. London, 1920; pp. 97, 297. - Norman Angell, The Story of Money, 1934. - “the author, touching upon the fashion in which the money economy is indispensable to any real freedom of individual action of movement, adds: ‘When one realizes the absence of small money or of any conveniently portable means of exchange in the pre-Alexandrian world, one perceives how impossible was private travel in those days’."… “It was Greece that democratized money and made it a tool used by the people as a whole. In Egypt it was the tool of an oligarchy.” - Isn’t it still, to a large degree? - J.Z., 13.4.10.

WENDELL, EMORY, History of Banking ... and Banks and Bankers in Michigan ... Detroit: Winn & Hammond, ca. 1905. - Woodford, Detroit & its Banks.

WENDT, S., Die Lehre vom Geldwert. 1948. - Rittershausen, Wirtschaft, 1960 Auflage.

WENLEY, JAMES A., On the History and Development of Banking in Scotland. 1882. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BANKERS 3: 119-45. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

WENTWORTH, W. C., Statistical, Historical and Political Description of the Colony of New South Wales. London, 1819. - HOLDER, Bk of NSW.

WENZELY, J., Das Geld-, Bank- und Wechselwesen der aussereuropäischen Länder. Leipzig 1908. - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen.

WERE, J. B. & SON. Gold, an investment that stands the test of time. Adv., March 87, 5pp, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 740. - But it is an investment that does not increase productivity, earnings and interest. It only provides some safeguard against further inflations by governments. Precisely for this it is also targeted and often confiscated by governments, which dislike any kind of independence from them and their “policies”. Gold clauses, honestly and effectively upheld, for productive investments, are quite another matter. If the world population had no better use for gold than to wear it as jewelry or use it for decoration purposes - then it would not derive any economic benefit from it. Used as a value standard it can to much good. Used as an exclusive, instead of merely an optional means of payment it can do much harm. - The presumed right of creditors to demand it has ruined many a debtor and also many creditors. The creditor should only have the right to be paid the agreed-upon gold weight value - in any form of exchange media or clearing certificates that he can use, if necessary with an agreed-upon discount for the extra trouble involved for for the creditor. However, many debtors and their associations would be able to provide their own exchange media or clearing certificates that stand at par with their nominal gold weight unit, at least in the local sphere of circulation. There they could be as good as gold. - J.Z., 21.5.10.

WERKHEISER, DON, Benjamin R. Tucker: Champion of Free Money. Pages 212-221 in: TUCKER, BENJAMIN R., Benjamin R. Tucker & The Champions of Liberty. A Centenary Anthology. Ed. by Michael E. Coughlin, Charles H. Hamilton & Mark A. Sullivan, Michael E. Coughlin and Mark Sullivan, Publishers, St. Paul and New York, 1981, 227pp. - JZL.

WERKHEISER, DON, Some Letters and Papers on Monetary Freedom, SOR & MOR. (Closely related to the panarchistic distinctions! - J.Z.), 1987, 1988, 26pp, including some notes by J.Z., interspersed during the transcription, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 865.

WERKHEISER, DON, Stop Inflation with Honest Money. GREEN REVOLUTION, Winter 1983, 1p., in PEACE PLANS 803. With 1p of comment by Robert Swann, reproduced in PEACE PLANS 1386-1391. - JZL. Under free competitive issues and market rating for exchange media and value standards Gresham’s Law, in the popular version, that bad money would drive out good money, becomes reversed and good monies drive out the bad money. Well, the victims of the bad money will still be able to pay at least their taxes with it. “Pay Caesar with what belongs to Caesar”! But do not pay tribute to him with honest money of your own. - Under full monetary and financial freedom, combined with individual and group secessionism and full exterritorial autonomy for communities of volunteers, Caesarism would, usually, become confined to bearable proportions, in which only its volunteers would have to suffer, as long as they are willing to do so. - J.Z., 21.5.10.

WERKHEISER, DON, to M., T., 24 Nov. 86, 1p, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 740.

WERNER, WALTER, et al., The Certificateless Society: Why and When. THE BUSINESS LAWYER, Section of Corporation, Banking and Business Law of The American Bar Association, Vol. 26, No. 3, January 1971, pp.603-630. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972. - As if credit cards or account balances and cheques, marriage and death certificates, business contracts, etc. were not, also, “certificates”! - Careless use of language has led us into monetary, financial and other kinds of despotism. J.Z., 15.4.10, 21.5.10.

WERNETTE, JOHN PHILIP, Branch Banking in California and Bank Failures. QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 46, Feb. 1932, pp. 362-75. - Wells & Scruggs. - Flawed banking practices will have the same kind of failures everywhere. - J.Z., 11.6.10.

WERNETTE, JOHN PHILIP, Money, Business and Prices. 1933. London: P.S. King & Son. - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

WERTGUTSCHEINE, fuer Fluechtlinge, in Berlin, 6pp of leaflets & clippings, 1984, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 731.

WESSLAU, O. E. & HAKE, A. EGMOND, Free Trade in Capital. 1890, 432pp, London, 36x, in PEACE PLANS 656. (For redemption in metal.)

WESSLAU, O. E., Rational Banking Versus Banking Monopoly. (1887) Ddited by Bancroft Cooke, Elliot Stock, London. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System.

WESSLAU, O. E. & HAKE, A. EGMONT, The Coming Individualism. 1895, 347pp, in PEACE PLANS 774. THE ATHENAEUM, Feb. 8, 1896 review, 1p, THE SPECTATOR, July 11, 1896 review, 1p, in PEACE PLANS 787. Review by D. C. Wells, 4pp, in YALE REVIEW, May 1896, in PEACE PLANS 795.

WESSLAU, O. E., Rational Banking, the Remedy for Depression in Trade, versus Banking Monopoly. Ed. by Bancroft Cooke, London, Elliot Stock, 1887, 64pp, in PEACE PLANS 786. WESSLAU, O. E., see also: HAKE, A. EGMOND.

WEST, ROBERT CRAIG, Banking Reform and the Federal Reserve, 1863-1923. (1977) Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System. - Schuler

WESTERFIELD, RAY B., Money, Credit, and Banking. New York, Ronald Press, 1938. - Klebaner

WESTERFIELD, RAY B., Selected Bibliography of Money, Credit, Banking, and Business Finance. 1940. - Redlich. - Alas, I have never seen it. - J.Z., 21.5.10.

WESTERFIELD, RAY B., The Banking Act of 1933. JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY 41, Dec. 1933, pp.721-49. - Wells & Scruggs.

WESTERMANN, WILLIAM LINN, Warehousing and Trapezite Banking in Antiquity. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS HISTORY, III (1930), 30-54. - Groseclose, Money & Man.

WESTERN AUSTRALIA GOLD NOTE AND GOLD BULLION TRADE CENTRE. 2 clippings, in PEACE PLANS 791, pp 91 & 96.

WESTERN WORLD REVIEW, edited by Robert Sagehorn The Winter 1976/1977 issue was dedicated to Henry Meulen. It was reproduced in PEACE PLANS 350-354. (Since I haven't heard from R. S. for many years, I do presume that he has died. - J.Z.)

WESTERN WORLD REVIEW, Winter 1968, vol. 2, No. 2, 20pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 911. - A special monetary freedom issue, with extracts from Hutt, Graves, Hoffer.

WESTLEY, CHRISTOPHER, Monetary Mendacity. - December 2002 - The Free Market - Online at the Mises Institute.

WESTLEY, CHRISTOPHER, Review of The Dinosaur Among Us: The World Bank and Its Path to Extinction. - Vol. 10 Num. 4 - Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics - Online at the Mises Institute.

WESTON, GEORGE M., Money. 1882. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935.

WESTON, RAE, Gold: A World Survey. 1983. New York: St. Martin's Press. - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

WESTPAC, The Story of Currency in Australia. 1954, 20pp, in PEACE PLANS 793. A simple description produced for Australian schools. - Westpac was formerly “Bank of New South Wales”, &, long ago, a private and note-issuing bank. Most of its staff do not know about this - and do not care, either. They merely peddle the remaining and depreciating monopoly money of the government and their remaining and government-granted banking privileges. - But then the local associations of retailers, who should be in the note-issuing business, too, do neglect this job as well - and then complain about lack of sales! - J.Z., 21.5.10.)

WESTRUP, ALFRED B., Address On a New System of Money Given at the Chicago Chapter of the American Institute of Banking Held in the Northwestern University Building May 23, 1916. Chicago, 1919. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

WESTRUP, ALFRED B., Citizen's Money: A Critical Analysis in the Light of Free Trade in Banking. San Francisco, 1890. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State. - Chicago, Mutual Bank Propaganda, 1891. - Cowen & Kroszner.

WESTRUP, ALFRED B., Escucha! The Revelation of a Principle in Economic Science Unknown to Sociologists. Chicago, 1918. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State. - I have been interested in this subject for over 50 years - but have never seen most of these titles! High time to put them all online or on a disc! - Perhaps by now most of them, and many other such titles, are already on some websites, like e.g. that of Libertarian Labyrinth, http://libertarian-labyrinth.org by Shawn Wilbur, akabookish@yahoo.com - J.Z., 31.3.10. - All websites with some information on monetary and financial freedom, should be listed together, in a common links list, that would indicate their specialties. - Do not expect me to compile it, too. A whole market cannot be sufficiently listed by an individual on his own. - A fully free market in this sphere should be prepared by all information on it being first compiled and then permamently made accessible in the cheapest and easiest way, which means, today, via online and disc options or availability as email attachments, in any desired segments. We, many of us, should and could build up a common and world-wide brain or information centre on the subject. Via external HD’s each could, finally, have all of this information on his desk, apart from the latest new entries, then also available, online. Why are so few interested in this option and in helping to provide it? It could save their lives and those of their families and friends! But then they haven’t even bothered to compile all health and all life extension information in this way and make it accessible to all. - J.Z., 21.5.10.

WESTRUP, ALFRED B., Plenty of Money. N.Y., 1899, 13pp. (Meulen books, Goldsmith Collection) - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

WESTRUP, ALFRED B., The Financial Problem: Its Relation to Labor Reform and Prosperity. Dallas, privately published, 1886. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State. - Mutual Bank Propaganda, Chicago, 1891, 30pp. - (Meulen books, with Meulen letters. Goldsmith Collection) - Cowen & Kroszner.

WESTRUP, ALFRED B., The New Philosophy of Money. Minneapolis, Leonard, 1895. (2nd ed. rev. and enlarged, sub-titled The Tragedy of Economics. Chicago, 1915). - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

WEYDE, WILLIAM M. Van der, The Life and Works of Thomas Paine. Patriot's Edition, Introduction by Thomas A. Edison, New Rochelle, New York, Thomas Paine National Historical Association, 1925, Volumes I-VI. - Leslie Snyder, Justice or Revolution. - This is supposed to be the best edition of his collected works. - Is it online by now? - J.Z., 21.5.10.

WHALE, P. BARRETT, A Retrospective View of the Bank Charter Act, 1844. Pages 126-131, in: ASHTON, T. S. & SAYERS, R. S., Papers in English Monetary History. - JZL.

WHALE, P. BARRETT, International Trade. - G. D. H. Cole.

WHALE, P. BARRETT, Joint Stock Banking in Germany. - G. D. H. Cole.

WHALE, P. BARRETT, The Working of the Pre-War Gold Standard. Pages 151-164, in: ASHTON, T. S. & SAYERS, R. S., Papers in English Monetary History. - JZL.

WHALEY, P. BARRETT, Joint Stock Banking in Germany. 1968 [1930]. New York: Augustus Kelley. - T. Cowen & R. Kroszner, Nov. 90.

WHALLEY, JOHN, See: XUEYI

WHARTON, FRANCIS, The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States. 6 vols. Washington, 1889. - Diplomatic correspondence is hardly revolutionary. I don’t remember where I got this hint. I would not expect any monetary of financial freedom notions in such correspondence. - J.Z., 26.3.10.

WHARTON, JOSEPH, Memorandum Concerning Small Money and Nickel Alloy Coinage. Philadelphia, 1877. - Carothers, Fractional Money.

WHARTON, JOSEPH, Project for Reorganizing the Small Coinage of the United States of America. Philadelphia, 1864. - Carothers, Fractional Money.

WHEALEN, JOHN J., The Jackson-Dawson Correspondence." (ed.) HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF OHIO BULLETIN, XVI (January, 1958). 3-30. - SHADE, G. W. (1972)- Sharp, James Roger: The Jacksonians versus the Banks.

WHEATLEY, JOHN, Remarks on Currency and Commerce. 1803. (Coppetiers) (FB?)

WHIG ALMANAC (later TRIBUNE ALMANAC), New York, 1843. - Carothers, Fractional Money.

WHITBREAD, SAMUEL, Samuel Whitbread Papers. In possession of Major Simon Whitbread, Southill, Bedford. - Fetter, Development of British Monetary Orthodoxy 1797-1875.

WHITE, A. N., Cheques and Credit Cards: More Competition Between the Banks. BANKERS MAGAZINE (London), February 1966, pp.85-89. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972. - Only in a relatively unimportant aspect, while the most important aspect remains suppressed. - J.Z., 15.4.10.

WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON, Fiat Money Inflation in France. New York: Appleton & Co., (1876? )1896. - Friedman, M., Money Mischief. - 1912, revised and enlarged. - Toronto, Canada, privately published, 1914. - D. Appleton-Century Co, 1933. - The Caxton Printers, Ltd., Caldwell, Idaho, 1958. - Foundation for Economic Education, Irvington-on-Hudson, New York, 1959, 124pp, with introduction, 21pp, by Henry Hazlitt. In PEACE PLANS 1470. - JZL. - San Francisco: The Cato Institute, 1980. - On abuse of legal tender paper money. But is he really for free banking? And does he distinguish between the abolition of metallic redemption, issue monopoly, monetary freedom, monetary despotism and legal tender laws when he considers "fiat" money? Too many libertarians still consider all paper moneyes not redeemable in rare metals to be merely “fiat money”, thereby revealing their great ignorance on the subject. - J.Z. - Online at the Mises Institute. WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON, Fiat Money Inflation in France, [Subtitle: How it Came, What it Brought, and How it Ended]. Gutenberg Project. Also: Fiat Money Inflation in France - NY: D. Appleton-Century Co., 1933 - Related: Money/Banking, Money, Monetary Policy, Econ. History, Books, History, Andrew White (2007)

WHITE, B., Neutral War Emergency Money. 1920. (Free Banking? J.Z.)

WHITE, C. A., Archaic Monetary Terms of the United States. In Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 50. - Carothers, Fractional Money.

WHITE, D. G., Gold, the Golden Rule, and Government: Civil Society and the End of the State. - Gold, the Golden Rule, and Government: Civil Society and the End of the State - Libertarian Papers, Vol. 1 (2009), Article No. 32 - Libertarian Papers - Online at the Mises Institute.

WHITE, EUGENE NELSON, publications on banking history

WHITE, EUGENE NELSON, Before the Glass-Steagall Act: an analysis of the investment banking activities of national banks.' (1986) EXPLORATIONS IN ECONOMIC HISTORY, 23, pp.33-55. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System.

WHITE, EUGENE NELSON, Free Banking, Denominational Restrictions, and Liability Insurance. Paper presented to the Durell Foundation conference 'Money and Banking: the American Experience', Washington, D.C., May 1990. - Dowd

WHITE, EUGENE NELSON, Free Banking during the French Revolution. Manuscript at Rutgers Univ., 1988, 38pp, in PEACE PLANS 815. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System. Later in: EXPLORATIONS IN ECONOMIC HISTORY, 27 (3 July) - Nataf

WHITE, EUGENE NELSON, The Regulation and Reform of the American Banking Industry, 1900-1929. (1983), Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. - Schuler & SALSMAN, RICHARD A. - The Regulation and Reform of the American Banking System, 1900-1929. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System.

WHITE, EUGENE NELSON, The Regulation of Banking in France, 1776-1814, or: Why Free Banking Failed to Succeed. Paper presented at the conference "Unregulated Banking: Chaos or Order?"- City University of London Business School, May 19, 1989. - Schuler. - Simply because it wasn't truly free banking! Under it the French Revolution would not have happened - but a very peaceful and prosperous and fast evolution, instead. See especially the revisionist review of the French Revolution in Beckerath's third free banking book, reproduced in PEACE PLANS No.11, which is also on www.reinventingmoney.com - J.Z. - Free banking failed to spread because it was not yet free enough and, therefore, not quite rightful and efficient! Once enough people realize that they can monetize their ready for sale and wanted consumer goods, services and labor themselves, in a perfect clearing system even as individuals, otherwise in sufficiently large local groups, there will be no stopping it. Question is, can one successfully appeal e.g. to present chain stores and retailers’ associations, or are their mind-sets too much stuck in other details of their business, so that they lose the vision of the big picture and the important role that they could play in it, which would assure their sales, avoid crises for them and make stable value investments easy to achieve. It would be much harder to appeal e.g. to the Post Office, a State Railway or State Power Plants system or a State Education Department to make use of their own money issue potential. The territorial governments have even largely forgotten about their own tradition of tax foundation paper money, mentioned by the way, in a largely overlooked passage in Adam Smith’s main economic work. - So have their opposition parties and also those movements trying merely to get yet another territorial State established and recognized. If they clearly confined their ambitions to their own volunteers only and full exterritorial autonomy for them, then their chances would be greatly improved. Alas, most people are not exploring and pursuing their own moral and rational self-interest, with all its options, but are misled by various popular spleens, errors and prejudices, false assumptions and conclusions, that still dominate their minds and actions. If the consumer movement were informed and effective enough, it would demand that the local banks act as independent banks of issue, rather than merely like the former “money lenders” in extremely underdeveloped countries, as dealers in governmental monopoly money. They would also insist that local shop associations issue their own sound monies, especially while their governments have, once again, messed up the economy with inflation, deflation and stagflation, producing a large and lasting degree of unemployment and also public debt burdens. - Shop association money would be easy to control and check by the consumers, in their daily shopping. The same could, naturally, be said about the supposed free enterprise advocates of the manufacturers and agricultural producers. Their minds are still largely switched off in this respect. Not to speak of the majority of State-university “conditioned” “economists” and most of the statist-minded commercial and financial journalists of the popular presses and other mass media. - A great mental awakening has still to become organized and initiated. It would greatly help to prevent WW III and any nuclear war. - That kind of independence and success would also stimulate self-help in all other spheres. - A really free market, free exchange, free trade, free enterprise, complete freedom of contract, association and disassociation, freedom of action and experimentation, does need full monetary and financial freedom, based, initially, on full freedom of expression and information. Now that is easier and cheaper to achieve in practice than ever before, apart from the remaining wrongful and false notions on copyrights. Ideas and wordings should be free like the wind, the air and the rain, the seas. They could establish good reputations and these can be turned into money, indirectly. Advertisements in freely downloadable webpages are a good illustrations for this, also the gold medal winners of the Olympic Games. Their medals themselves have relatively little gold weight value compared with their reputations, when commercially utilized. - Without full monetary and financial freedom and rights, not yet expressed in any State constitution and still only in all too few of the many and better private declarations of human rights, we do get only the usual economic messes and ever more powerful abused governments and wrongful to even terrorist movements and a new kind of feudalist exploitation, expressed e.g. in the high tax rates. - “Nothing is more terrible to behold than ignorance in action!” said Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, long ago. - J.Z., 21.5.10.

WHITE, HORACE, Asset Currency. 1902, in PEACE PLANS 745.

WHITE, HORACE, Money and Banking, Illustrated by American History. New York, 1895. (Groseclose, Money & Man.) - 1896, 1902. Boston: Ginn & Company. (Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.) Revised and continued to the year 1910, 3rd. edition, Ginn & Co., Boston, New York, Chicago, London, 5th ed. Boston: Ginn, 1914, indexed, 475pp, with 5pp of bibliography. - JZL. - New edition by Charles S. Tippetts and Lewis A. Froman, Boston, 1935, 1936. - Charles A. Hales, The Baltimore Clearing House. - A banking praxis, even during its “free banking” period, still largely wrongful and irrational and still insufficiently described in most of the writings about it. I would like to hear about all the exceptions to this “rule” of mine. - J.Z., 14.3.10. Quite consistent defences of all free banking and monetary freedom options are still all too rare. - If you do know of any, not yet listed here, PLEASE, DO LET ME KNOW! - J.Z., 19.5.10.

WHITE, HORACE, National and State Banks. 1897. SOUND CURRENCY 4(10) (May). - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

WHITE, HORACE, New York's Colonial Currency. In SOUND CURRENCY, Vol.5. - Carothers, Fractional Money.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY - White's online articles

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, & BATEMARCO, ROBERT, The Theory of Monetary Institutions. - Vol. 4 Num. 2 - Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics - Online at the Mises Institute.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, & SELGIN, GEORGE A., Laissez-Faire Monetary Thought in Jacksonian America. 1989. Unpublished ms., University of Georgia. Forthcoming in PERSPECTIVES ON THE HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT, ed. Donald E. Moggridge, London: Edward Elgar. - Lawrence H. White.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, & SELGIN, GEORGE A., The Evolution of a Free Banking System. ECONOMIC INQUIRY, July 87, 19pp, in PEACE PLANS 814. - (1989). In: L. White, Competition and Currency: Essays on Free Banking and Money (p. 218-242) New York: New York University Press. - Peter H. Canning.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, & SELGIN, GEORGE, Why Private Banks and Not Central Banks Should Issue Currency, Especially in Less Developed Countries. April 19, 2000. Library of Economics and Liberty. www.econlib.org/library/Features/feature3.html - Michael Cohen

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, A Competitor for the Fed? THE FREEMAN, 7/00, 6pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.446.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, A Subjectivist Perspective on the Definition and Identification of Money. In: Israel M. Kirzner, Subjectivism, Intellilgibility and Economic Understanding. Washington Square, New York, N.Y. University Press, 1986, 319pp, pp.301-314. - JZL., photocopy.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, Accounting for Non-Interest-Bearing Currency: A Critique of the ‘Legal Restrictions’ Theory of Money.” (1986c) manuscript, New York University. JZL, February 1986, Photocopy. - 1987, JOURNAL OF MONEY, CREDIT, AND BANKING, Vol. 19, Nov. 87, pp. 448-56. - DOWD, Private Money. - White also presents an equilibrium model of competitive note creation with no interest payments; see Free Banking in Britain, 1-22. - Gerald P. O’Driscoll, Jr., July 86. - 9pp, with 3pp of notes by J.Z., in PEACE PLANS 813.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, Asia Needs Capital Controls? It Just Ain't So! THE FREEMAN, 3/99, 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 1757/1758, p.327.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, Bank Failures and Monetary Policy. 1984a. Cato Journal 4(1) Spring/Summer. - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, Banking Without a Central Bank: Scotland Before 1844 as a "Free Banking" System. Paper presented at the conference "Unregulated Banking: Chaos or Order?" - City University of London Business School, May 1989 - Schuler - Published in F. Capie and G. E. Wood (eds) Unregulated Banking, London: Macmillan. (1991) - JZL, only photocopy of a preliminary version, 39pp.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, Banking Without Regulation. - “Banking Without Regulation” - FEE - Timely Classic, 03 09 10. - THE FREEMAN, 10/93, 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.455.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, Competition and Currency. Essays on Free Banking and Money, New York University Press, New York & London, 1989. A Cato Institute Book, with a short bibliography and index, 260pp. - On page 39 he does not distinguish between forced tender and forced value. Not even Henry Meulen’s writings are mentioned, far less Milhaud’s, Beckerath’s, Rittershausen’s and Zander’s. - But then: Was there ever as yet anyone who had easy and complete access to all monetary freedom writings? - J.Z., 18.3.10. - I have seen only very few such titles in most libraries that I have browsed through, public and private ones. - JZL. - “Collection of essays on monetary institutions in a free market.” - SALSMAN, RICHARD A.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, Competitive Monetary Reform. A review essay. - JOURNAL OF MONETARY ECONOMICS 26 (1990), 191-202. North Holland. - JZL, photocopy.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, Competitive money, inside and out. (1983) CATO JOURNAL, 3, No.1, Spring, pp. 281-300. Comment by Peter Lewin, pp. 301-304. Also in:The Search for Stable Money, ed. James A. Dorn and Anna J. Schwartz. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983ff, 1987. - JZL.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, Competitive Payments Systems and the Unit of Account. 1984b. AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW 74 no.4. September pp.699-712. - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking., - T. Cowen & R. Kroszner, Nov. 90. - JZL, photocopy.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, Depoliticising the Supply of Money. 1985. (unpublished). - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking. - (1986a) forthcoming in T. Willett (ed.) Political Business Cycles and the Political Economy of Stagflation, The Pacific Institute. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, Free Banking and the Gold Standard. In: The Gold Standard, ed. by Rockwell.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, Free Banking as an Alternative Monetary System. 1984. In Chapter 11 of Barry N. Siegel, ed. Money in Crisis: Government, Stagflation and Reform,, pp. 269-302, San Francisco: The Pacific Institute for Public Policy Research,. - In M. Bruce Johnson and Gerald P. O'Driscoll, Jr., eds., Inflation or Deflation? Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing Co., forthcoming. (Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.) - Later edited, as chapter I of his book: Free Banking in Britain.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, Free Banking in Britain: Theory, Experience and Debate, 1800-1845. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of California at Los Angeles, 1982. - 171pp, indexed and with bibliography, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1983, - New York: Cambridge University Press,1984. - A 1/2 page review from CATO POLICY REPORT, undated, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 905. (1984b) “Explores the successful Scottish free banking system and suggests a similar modern system would create greater monetary stability.” - London: The Institute of Economic Affairs, 1995. (JZL) - Review by Phililppe Nataf in THE FREEMAN, Oct. 84, pp638/639.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, Free banking in Scotland before 1844. In chapter 9 of K. Dowd (ed.) The Experience of Free Banking, London: Routledge. (1992) - Dowd

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, Free Banking in Scotland Prior to 1845. August 1979 manuscript, 44pp, later incorporated in his book, Free Banking in Britain. - (JZL)

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, Gold, Dollars, and Private Currencies. CATO INSTITUTE POLICY REPORT 3 (June 1981): 6-11

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, How Did We Get into this Financial Mess? CATO Institute Briefing Papers (110). (2008).

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, Is the Gold Standard Still the Gold Standard Among Monetary Systems? Cato Institute, Briefing Papers, 6 (February 8, 2008): No. 100. - Which KIND of gold standard does he mean? Only the gold cover and gold redemption standard?  - J.Z.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, On Transaction Costs in Cashless Payment Systems. - Manuscript, New York, New York Univ., 1985. - Cowen & Kroszner.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, Problems inherent in political money supply regimes: some historical and theoretical lessons. (1986b) forthcoming in T. Willett, ed., Political Business Cycles and the Political Economy of Stagflation, The Pacific Institute. - Dowd, The State & the Monetary System.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, Regulatory sources of instability in banking. CATO JOURNAL 5: 891-7. (1986)

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, Reply, 1p, to WATNER, CARL, Free Banking & Fractional Reserves, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 911.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, Review Essay of Rudolf Richter's Money: Lectures on the Basis of General Equilibrium Theory and the Economics of Institutions. 5pp: in PEACE PLANS 1576, p. 35. From MARKET PROCESS.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, Scottish banking and the "legal restrictions" theory: a closer look. A Comment. JOURNAL OF MONEY, CREDIT AND BANKING 22, No. 4, Nov. 90, pp. 526-36. - JZL in photocopy.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, Spending Money Freely. THE FREEMAN, May 95, pp.296-299. - THE FREEMAN adds, in the contents list: “There is more at stake in electronic funds transfer than simply convenient payment methods.” - Moreover: Who spends whose money - and by what right or licence? Think of all of our money that is spent and largely wasted or spent fighting against our rights liberties and interests, by politicians and bureaucrats. - J.Z., 9.6.10. - DAILY TELEGRAPH, dailytelegraph.com.au - June 1, 2010, Newspage 3, reports that under the official staff freeze “casuals” are employed at the average rate of A $ 100 per hour! A typical instance of governments trying to save. - With that option still open to them, “permanent employees slacked off.” “… the NSW Government has spent $ 200 million in six months on administrative temps …” - It is high time for voluntary taxation, all only within communities of volunteers! Alas, all its options are not yet systematically surveyed and published. There are a mass of references online, but they and their pro and con have, to my knowledge, not yet been systematically sorted out. Not even all health and longevity knowledge has been so treated, as far as I know, all peace ideas, all ideas on ending involuntary mass unemployment and inflation, or territorial statism, either. The so-called “social sciences” ares still in a mess and the various dissidents have not yet fully mobilized and made accessible all their positive knowledge and proposals. - J.Z., 14.6.10.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, The Deregulation of Money and Banking. 1983. CATO JOURNAL 3 (Spring):281-99.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, The Secularly Growing Shortage of Banknotes in the United States 1865-1913. Unpubl. ms., N.Y. Univ. 1986. - Schuler

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, The Theory of Monetary Institutions. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. (1999). - Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers. - Peter H. Canning.

WHITE, LAWRENCE HENRY, What Kinds of Monetary Institutions Would a Free Market Deliver? Unpublished ms., University of Georgia (March). Then: CATO JOURNAL 9, 367-391.

WHITE, LEONARD D., The Jacksonian; A Study in Administrative History, 1829-61. New York, 1954. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

WHITE, R. W. R., Money and the New Zealand Economy. 1979. Reserve Bank of New Zealand Bulletin, 371-374. - Milton Friedman, Has Government Any Role in Money?

WHITE, RICHARD A., Review of "Money and Freedomby H. F. Sennholz. 1p, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 740.

WHITELEY, PHILIP W., Colorado Specie. NUMISMATIST 71 (July, 1958). Excellent information on Denver City Assay Office. - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

WHITEMAN, CHARLES H., A New Investigation of the Impact of Wage and Price Controls. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Quarterly Review, Vol. 2, Spring 1978, pp. 2-8. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

WHITFORD, N. E., History of the Canal System of the State of New York. New York, 1906. - McGrane, The Panic of 1837.

WHITING J. D. A., Trade Tokens: a Social and Economic History. 1971. - Joe Cribb (1986).

WHITNEY, CAROLINE, Experiments in Credit Control: The Federal Reserve System. 1934. New York: Columbia University Press. - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

WHITNEY, DAVID R., The Suffolk Bank and Its Redemption System. 1881. Boston: The Suffolk Bank.

WHITNEY, DAVID R., The Suffolk Bank. (Printed for private distribution.) Cambridge, Mass., Riverside Press, 1878. - Sharp, James Roger: The Jacksonians versus the Banks. - White, Horace, (1895ff.)

WHITTELSEY, CHARLES R.; FREEDMAN, ARTHUR M. & HERMAN, EDWARD S., Money and Banking: Analysis and Policy. (New York: Macmillan, 1963), 514. - Lowell Gallaway & Richard Vedder, The Keynesian Performance.

WHITTICK, A., Rec. by Flürscheim. Presumably William A. Whittick. See the following entries. - J.Z.

WHITTICK, WILLIAM A., Bombs: the Poetry & Philosophy of Anarchism. Philadelphia, 1894. (Meulen books, Goldsmith collection)

WHITTICK, WILLIAM A., The Money Question. Philadelphia, 14pp, n.d. - (With same author's "Value..." and a Meulen letter in Meulen books, Goldsmith collection)

WHITTICK, WILLIAM A., Value and an Invariable Standard of Value: An Important Discovery in Economics. Philadelphia, PA, Lippincott, 1896, 131pp. - (Meulen books, Goldsmith Collection) - Cowen & Kroszner.

WHITTING, P. D., Byzantine Coins. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1973. - DOTY (1978).

WHITTLE, JACK W., Session on Toward a Checkless Society. Part I: The Credit Card Revolution -Introductory Remarks, in Proceedings, The American Bankers Association, National Automation Conference, New York: American Bankers Association, 1967, pp.48-55. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972.

WHITTLESEY, CHARLES R. & WILSON, J. S. G., Essays in Money and Banking in Honor of R. S. Sayers. eds. Oxford: Clarendon, 1968. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

WHITTLESEY, CHARLES R., Principles and Practice of Money and Banking. New York, 1948. - Paul Einzig, How Money Is Managed. The Ends & Means of Monetary Policy.

WHITTLESEY, CHARLES R., Readings in Money and Banking. (Editor.) New York, 1952. - Paul Einzig, How Money Is Managed. The Ends & Means of Monetary Policy.

WHOLE EARTH REVIEW, No. 55, Summer 1987.

WICKER, ELMUS R. Federal Reserve Monetary Policy, 1917-1933. New York, Random House, 1966. - Barry N. Siegel, Money in Crisis. - Klebaner

WICKER, ELMUS R., Some Loanable-Funds Concepts and Banking Theory. 1960. JOURNAL OF FINANCE 15(3), (September). - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

WICKER, TOM, Tom Wicker’s column. THE NEW YORK TIMES, July 4, 1978, for a summary of Dr. Galbraith's views. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

WICKERSHAM, WARREN G., The Unit of Account: Enforceability under American Law of Maintenance of Value Provisions in International Bonds. Reprinted from the VALE LAW JOURNALS, Volume 71, No. 7, June 1962, copyrighted 1962, pages 1294-1315. - Photocopy only. - Alas, too many wrongful powers, laws, regulations and jurisdictions exist in this sphere and all too little clarity about the individual rights and liberties involved and all too little genuine protection for these rights and liberties. - 4.3.10. - JZL.

WICKSELL, G. KNUT, Influence of the Rate of Interest on Prices. ECONOMIC JOURNAL, June, 1907. - Norman Angell, The Story of Money, 1934.

WICKSELL, G. KNUT, Interest and Prices. London, McMillan, 1936. - Paul Einzig, How Money Is Managed. The Ends & Means of Monetary Policy. - Interest and Prices: A Study of the Causes Regulating the Value of Money. Clifton, N.J., Kelley, 1965. - Barry N. Siegel, Money in Crisis. (Same text, with full title? - J.Z.)

WICKSELL, G. KNUT, Knapps pennigteori. In: SÄRTRYCK EKONOMISK TIDSKRIFT, 1907, S.41-52. - Knapp.

WICKSELL, G. KNUT, Lectures on Political Economy. 1906,1935. 1962, 1967, 1968. Lectures on Political Economy: Money. vol. II. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. - T. Cowen & R. Kroszner. - Transl. E. Classen, ed. Lionel Robbins. - New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1968, 1977, 1978.. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain. - Vol. 2. Clifton, Fairfield, N.J., Augustus M. Kelley - Barry N. Siegel, Money in Crisis. Lectures on Political Economy - Volume I: General Theory Related: Capital/Interest, Production, Market Structure, Books, Knut Wicksell Lectures on Political Economy - Volume II: Money Related: Money/Banking, Books, Knut Wicksell

WICKSELL, KNUT, The Influence of the Rate of Interest on Prices. 1907, OLL.

WICKSELL, KNUT, Value, Capital and Rent. - Value, Capital, and Rent London: George Allen, 1934. NY: Augustus Kelley, 1970. Related: Subjectivism, Capital/Interest, pre-1925 Econ., Books, Knut Wicksell

WICKSELL, G. KNUT, Vorlesungen über Nationalökonomie: Erster Band, Theoretischer Teil, Jena, 1913; Zweiter Band, Geld und Kredit, Jena, 1928. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank. (Jena 1922. - Gisin, 1955)

WICKSELL, G. KNUT, Interest and Prices. - Interest and Prices - Originally published in 1898. Translation published by the Royal Economic Society, London, 1936. Related: Capital/Interest, Money/Banking, Cycles, Core, Books Online Books - Online at the Mises Institute. http://mises.org/books/interestprices.pdf

WICKSELL, KNUT, Lectures on Political Economy. - Volume II: Money, Fairfield, NJ: Augustus M. Kelley Publisher, 1978. - Online at the Mises Institute. Again a double listing there! The original publishing dates should be listed as well! - Probably a job done in a hurry or under pressure, like many of mine. - The title may have been listed there 4 times! Is it that good? - J.Z.

WICKSELL, KNUT, The influence of the rate of interest on prices. ECONOMIC JOURNAL 17: 213-20. (1907) - Dowd

WICKSELL, KNUT, Geldzins und Güterpreise. Jena, G. Fischer, 1898, Jena 1918, rec. by Holzhauer. (Not worth filming in my opinion. - J.Z.) However, the Mises Institute found it worthwhile to reproduce the English version online. See above. - J.Z. - Also referred to as a title by a KURT Wicksell! - J.Z.

WIEGAND, G. CARL, Debts, Inflation and the Future. - CMRE Monographs No.17.

WIEGAND, G. CARL, Inflation and Monetary Crisis, A Symposium of the Committee for Monetary Research and Education. Editor. Washington, D.C., Public Affairs Press, 1975. - Antony C. Sutton, The War on Gold.

WIEGAND, G. CARL, International Banking in a Changing World. - CMRE Monographs No.11.

WIEGAND, G. CARL, The Great Inflation: Germany 1923 - U.S.A.??? - CMRE Monographs No.27.

WIEGAND, G. CARL, The Menace of Inflation: Its Causes and Consequences. (ed.) Old Greenwich, Conn., Devin-Adair, 1976. - Barry N. Siegel, Money in Crisis.

WIEGAND, G. CARL, The Plight of the Dollar. - Sennholz, Gold Is Money.

WIEGAND, G. CARL, Toward a New World Monetary System. Proceedings at First Arden House International Monetary Conference. New York, McGraw-Hill, n.d. - Antony C. Sutton, The War on Gold.

WIELAND, A., Wer trägt die Gefahr der Fälschung eines Schecks, wenn weder den Aussteller noch den Bezogenen eine Schuld trifft?“, in SJZ 21, S. 297 ff. - Lautner, Der „WIR“ Verrechnungsverkehr, 1964.

WIELAND, C., Wertpapiere und Legitimationspapiere. In: Basler Festgabe für E. Huber, Basel 1919 (zit. Wieland in Festgabe). - Lautner, Der „WIR“ Verrechnungsverkehr, 1964.

WIENER, Dr. FRITZ A., Die Börse. 1906, 282 S. Verlag von PUTTKAMMER & MÜHLBRECHT, Berlin. - Fritz Schumann, Die Privatnotenbanken, 1909.

WIESER, FRIEDRICH von,. Geld. [Money]. 1927In Handwörterbuch der Staatswissenschaft. vol.4, edited by Elster, Ludwig; Weber, Adolf; and Wieser, Friedrich. Jena: Gustav Fischer. - T. Cowen & R. Kroszner, Nov. 90.

WIESER, FRIEDRICH von, Theorie der gesellschaftlichen Wirtschaft. In: Grundriß der Sozialökonomik, I. Abteilung, Tübingen, 1914, S.321. - Knapp. (Frhr. - Freiherr von Wieser.)

WIESER, FRIEDRICH von, Natural Value. - Natural Value (1889)

WIESER, FRIEDRICH von, The Austrian School and the Theory of Value. (1891) - The Austrian School and the Theory of Value

WIESER, FRIEDRICH von, The Theory of Value: A Reply to Professor Macvane. (1892) - The Theory of Value: A Reply to Professor Macvane

WIGGINS & SCHOECK, Foreign Aid Re-examined. (ed.) Washington, 1958. - Groseclose, Money & Man.

WIGNALL, CHRISTIAN, The Fall of Silver: Part 1. China and the Silver Standard." ASIAN MONETARY MONITOR 2, no. 4 (July-August 1978): 33-43. (a) - Friedman, M., Money Mischief.

WIGNALL, CHRISTIAN, The Fall of Silver: Part 2. The Last Years (1914-1935)." ASIAN MONETARY MONITOR 2, no. 5 (September-October 1978): 28-39. (b) - Friedman, M., Money Mischief. - While it has largely fallen out of use for silver coins, it has become more widely spread e.g. for jewelry. Moreover, silver weight units are, probably, still less depreciating (depreciating through ever greater silver production, largely as the by-product of the mining of other metals), than are most of the governmental currencies. Thus there were and are, probably still, several private attempts to coin silver coins or medallions. The best way to do so would be in straight weight units and to allow people to mark their prices, wages, rents, fees etc. also in such units and to accept government money only at its rating against such value standard units. But that would lead to clashes with the government’s legal tender legislation, trying to make its paper money compulsorily “acceptable” and this at a forced value. This is one of the remaining governmental kinds of absolutism that must be stopped, better sooner than later. - Thus options will be part of the coming monetary and financial revolution. - To all people the value standards and exchange media of their own choice! - And no more compulsory tributes to anyone! Only within panarchies of volunteers could they be rightfully continued, to their “heroes”. - J.Z., 17.7.10.

WIJNHOLDS, H. W. J., International Trade and Payments. 1957. - Rittershausen, Wirtschaft, 1960 Auflage.

WIJNHOLDS, H. W. J., The Budget Theory of Money. Amsterdam, 1960. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

WIKIPEDIA, The biggest multilingual open access encyclopaedia on the internet. Over 500000 articles and still growing. It has even some anarchist and panarchist entries now - but many more are needed and also an anarchist and, also, a libertarian open entry encyclopaedia. - J.Z., 8.12.05. www.wikipedia.org/ - Wikipedia article on anarcho-capitalism - Wikipedia article on american anarchism - Wikipedia article on mutualism - Wikipedia entry on de Puydt

WILBER, DAVE to ZUBE, JOHN, 24. 6. 00, via - winsmith@postnet.com - 2pp, in PEACE PLANS 1629, p.49. I could not open his attachments. Not that I did greatly regret that. - There is a great distinction between clear advocates of at least large degrees of monetary freedom and the mere various “money reformers”. J.Z.

WILBURN, JEAN ALEXANDER, Biddle’s Bank: The Crucial Years. New York, 1967. - Sharp, James Roger: The Jacksonians versus the Banks.

WILCOX, HENRY B., A Short History of the Merchants National Bank. Baltimore, 1924. - Charles A. Hales, The Baltimore Clearing House.

WILDA, Dr. WILHELM EDUARD, Das Strafrecht der Germanen. Halle, 1842, pp.992. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

WILDA, Dr. WILHELM EDUARD, Geschichte des deutschen Strafrechts. Halle, 1842. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

WILDMAN, M. S., Money Inflation in the United States. Chicago, 1905. - Reginald Charles McGrane, The Panic of 1837, 1924.

WILEMAN, J. P., Brazilian Exchange: The Study of an Inconvertible Currency. Buenos Aires, 1896. - Was it not convertible into goods, services, or, at least, tax payment receipts? - Loose talk and vague or dogmatic “thinking” do also lead to abuses in the sphere of money. - J.Z., 26.3.10.

WILES, P. H. D., Economic Institutions Compared. 1977, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, indexed, 608 pp. - It deals only very marginally and not sympathetically with monetary freedom options. - Typically, “legal tender” is not even mentioned in the index, although there are many page hints to inflation, for which legal tender and the issue monopoly are the primary preconditions. - J.Z., 3.4.10. - JZL.

WILKES, GEORGE S., Banking and the Currency. HUNT'S MERCHANTS' MAGAZINE (August, 1858), xxxix, 191-197. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

WILKINSON, H. L., State Regulation of Prices in Australia: A Treatise on Price Fixing and State Socialism. Melbourne: Melville Mullen, 1917. “Good review of the early Australian experiences with controls, related in this "treatise on price fixing and state socialism.". - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

WILL, R., Die schwebenden Schulden der europäischen Großstaaten. Tübingen, 1921. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

WILLEM, JOHN M. The United States Trade Dollar: America's Only Unwanted, Unhonored Coin. Marchbanks Press, New York, 1959. “Close investigation into the peculiar history of this coinage fiasco; not a variety guide.” - Alexander, Coin World, Cat. & Encyclopedia. - Schilke & Solomon, America’s Foreign Coins … with Legal Tender Status in the US 1793-1857.

WILLET, THOMAS D., International Specie Flows and American Monetary Stability, 1834-1860." 1968. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY 28 (March):28-50. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

WILLETT, THOMAS D., A New Monetary Constitution. In Dorn & Schwartz, 1983ff.

WILLETT, THOMAS D., Political Business Cycles and the Political Economy of Stagflation. (ed.) The Pacific Institute. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System. [WILLETT, T.]

WILLETT, THOMAS D., Political Business Cycles: The Political Economy of Money, Inflation, and Unemployment. (ed.) Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1988. - White, Competition & Currency.

WILLIAMS, ANEURIN, A ‘Fixed Value of Bullion’ Standard - A Proposal for Preventing General Fluctuations of Trade. ECONOMIC JOURNAL 2, June 1892, 280-89. - Scott Sumner, The Forerunners of “New Monetary Economics” Proposals to Stabilize the Unit of Account.

WILLIAMS, CHARLES W., The Credit Department: A Training Ground for the Bank Loan Officer. ed. 4th ed., Philadelphia: Robert Morris Associates, 1962. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking.

WILLIAMS, Dr. WALTER E., Government Sanctioned Restraints That Reduce Economic Opportunities For Minorities." POLICY REVIEW (Washington, D.C.: The Heritage Foundation) Fall 1977, reprinted [with revisions] July 1978, pp.4-6. - “In his article, Dr. Williams has cited other research which tends to substantiate his thesis. On p. 6 he refers the reader to the following works. David E. Kaun, "Minimum Wages, Factor Substitution, and the Marginal Producer," Quarterly Journal of Economics, August 1965, pp. 478-486; Yale Brozen, "The Effect of Statutory Minimum Wages on Teenage Unemployment," Journal of Law and Economics, April 1969, pp. 109-122; Marvin Rosters and Finis Welch, "The Effects of Minimum Wages on the Distribution of Changes in Aggregate Employment," American Economic Review, June 1972, pp. 323-332; William G. Bowen and T. Aldrich Finegan, The Economics of Labor Force Participation (Princeton University Press, 1969); Edmund S. Phelps, Inflationary Policy and Unemployment Theory (New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1972); Arthur F. Burns, The Management of Prosperity (New York: Columbia University Press, 1966); Thomas G. Moore, "The Effect of Minimum Wages on Teenage Unemployment Rates," Journal of Political Economy, July/August 1971, pp. 897-902; James F. Ragan, Jr., "Minimum Wages and the Youth Labor Market," The Review of Economics and Statistics, May 1977, pp. 129-136; Martin Feldstein, "The Economics of the New Unemployment," The Public Interest, Fall 1973; Andrew Brimmer, Minimum Wage Proposals, Labor Costs, and Employment Opportunities in the Nation's Capital (Brimmer & Company, Inc., 1978) demonstrates the adverse employment and business migration effects of the minimum wage law in Washington, D.C.” - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

WILLIAMS, JEFFREY C., Fractional Reserve Banking in Grain. 1984. JOURNAL OF MONEY, CREDIT, AND BANKING (November): 488-96. - Selgin, The Evolution of a Free Banking System.

WILLIAMS, JOHN BURR, International Trade under Flexible Exchange Rates. - International Trade under Flexible Exchange Rates, - www.questia.com - Recent Book Additions, copied: 11.1.04

WILLIAMS, JOHN H., Postwar Monetary Plans and Other Essays. New York: Knopf, 1947. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking. - Post War Monetary Plans. Oxford, 1949. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling. - Post-War Monetary Problems and Other Essays. Oxford, 1949. - Paul Einzig, How Money Is Managed. The Ends & Means of Monetary Policy.

WILLIAMS, JOHN R., Papers. Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library, Detroit, Mich. - SHADE, G. W. (1972), Manuscripts.

WILLIAMS, R. H., and his Welsh Pound Notes, 1969, some letters, leaflets & clippings, 16pp, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 645.

WILLIAMS, T. H., CURRENT, R. N. & FREIDEL, F., A History of the United States. (New York: Knopf, 1959). - Temin.

WILLIAMSON, GEORGE C., Trade Tokens Issued in the Seventeenth Century. Editor, 3 vols. Over 12,700 tokens listed. - SEABY'S NUMISMATIC PUBLICATIONS, London, by 1970: £12-50. See: BOYNE, WILLIAM, Trade Tokens ... - What percentage of all wage payments and consumer spending was conducted through them? - J.Z., 5.6.10.

WILLIAMSON, HAROLD F., The Growth of the American Economy. (ed.). New York, Prentice-Hall, 1951. - MEYERS, MARVIN

WILLIAMSON, JEFFREY G., American Growth and the Balance of Payments, 1820-1913: A Study of the Long Saving. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1964). - Temin.  - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking.

WILLIAMSON, JEFFREY G., International Trade and United States Economic Development: 1827-1843." JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY, XXI (September, 1961), 372-83. - Temin.

WILLIAMSON, JOHN H., Argentine Trade Under Inconvertible Paper Money, 1880-1900. Cambridge, Mass., HUP. 1920 - Schuler. - The title expresses already the main error: Not the factor that the paper money was inconvertible into rare metals, at a fixed rate, upon demand, but, rather, that it was an exclusive and "forced currency", given a fictitious paper value and enforcing its acceptance in general circulation - that was there and elsewhere the main defect. What harm can any "inconvertible" paper currency do that anybody can freely refuse at all or may accept only at a discount, while only its issuer must, naturally, accept it at par? Normally, the consumer wants just to buy goods and services, If he can do this with an alternative local currency, that stands, locally, at par with e.g. its nominal gold weight value and is accepted as such by enough local shops, which are also pricing out their offers in gold weight value units, then the whole local economy does not really need a single gold coin for its payments. Its local currency is then as good as gold for daily wanted and needed turnovers. If the local shops manage to establish and maintain such a currency of their own, and this self-help effort does not get closed down by the government, then they could, thereby, assure their sales and also provide exchange media for local wage and salary payments, in short term loans. of their own, to local employers. This basic alternative model remains, usually, unexamined in these academic "studies", whose attention is riveted upon metallic redemption for exchange media instead of being open-minded towards all monetary freedom options. - J.Z. 21 Feb. 90.

WILLIAMSON, OLIVER, Market and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications. New York, Free Press, 1975. - Mulllineaux

WILLIAMSON, OLIVER, The Economic Institutions of Capitalism. New York, Free Press, 1986. - Mullineau

WILLIAMSON, OLIVER, Transaction Costs Economics: The Governance of Contractual Relations. THE JOURNAL OF LAW AND ECONOMICS, October 79, pp.233-61. - Mullineaux

WILLIAMSON, S., Costly monitoring, financial intermediation, and equilibrium credit rationing. JOURNAL OF MONETARY ECONOMICS 18: 159-79. (1986)

WILLIAMSON, S., Liquidity, banking and bank failures. (1988) INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC REVIEW 29: 25-43. - Dowd

WILLIS, HENRY PARKER & BECKHART, B. H., Foreign Banking Systems. New York, Columbia UP., 1929. - Groseclose, Money & Man. - Schuler

WILLIS, HENRY PARKER, & CHAPMAN, JOHN M., The Banking Situation: American Post-war Problems and Developments. New York: Columbia University Press, 1934. - SMITH, VERA C.

WILLIS, HENRY PARKER, & CHAPMAN, JOHN M., & ROBEY, RALPH WEST, Contemporary Banking. 1934. New York, Harper & Bros. - Selgin. - The author should have added: “Under monetary despotism!”

WILLIS, HENRY PARKER, & EDWARDS, GEORGE W., Banking and Business. 1925. New York, Harper & Bros. - Selgin. - Under central banking neither free banking nor genuinely free enterprise business remains. - J.Z., 17.7.10.

WILLIS, HENRY PARKER, A History of the Latin Monetary Union. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1900, 1901. - Groseclose, Money & Man. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S.

WILLIS, HENRY PARKER, The Federal Reserve Act. AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW 4 (1914). Willis headed the division of research at the Federal Reserve Board 1915-1922. He launched the Federal Reserve Bulletin. - Klebaner - Thus I would not expect much that is rightful and sensible in his writings. However, we have to get to know our enemies and to deal effectively with all the positions they have taken and all their assertions and confidence tricks. - I for one would aim at an alphabetized listing of all their views, confronted with their so far best refutations. - We need “free thought” and “atheism” in this sphere of faith, dogmas and false pretences as well. - J.Z., 17.7.10.

WILLIS, HENRY PARKER, The Federal Reserve System: Legislation, Organization and Operation. New York, Columbia University Press, 1923. - SMITH, VERA C. - Groseclose, Money & Man. - Central banking was his bread and butter. So, what can one expect of his writings? - I wonder how many titles and pages FOR central banking were published - compared with the number of titles and pages opposing it. - J.Z., 6.5.10.

WILLIS, HENRY PARKER, The Future in Banking. YALE REVIEW 23 (Winter 1934), p.247. - Klebaner - Under legalized and coercive central banking monopoly money it was and will remain bleak, as long as we put up with it. - J.Z., 6.5.10.

WILMOUTH, ROBERT K., Credit Cards and the Changing World of Consumer Finance. Speech delivered at the 92nd Annual Association of the American Bankers Association, Oct. 23-26, 1966. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972. - Regarding consumer credits see also under “shop currencies”, which were, at least at one stage, most widely spread in Australia. - J.Z., 17.7.10.

WILSON, CHARLES MORROW, Let's Try Barter. Devin-Adair, 1960, 1976. - That does not achieve free exchange and free clearing to a sufficient degree. Primitive notions and practices still prevail all too much in the “social science” writings. - J.Z., 5.6.10.

WILSON, GEORGE, How to Abolish the National Banking System. St. Louis, 1879. - Redlich. - Confine it to its volunteers. Leave all others free to arrange their own exchanges quite independent of it. - J.Z., 5.6.10.

WILSON, GLOCESTER, A Further Defence of Abstract Currencies. 1812. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935. - To each his own! Free choice of value standards. The abstract national currencies of the world, imposed upon the populations of whole countries, have all gone down greatly in their value, slowly to fast, over the last century, although central note issuing was introduced, supposedly, to protect and guarantee these currencies. Judge them by their “fruits”. - J.Z., 5.6.10.

WILSON, J. D., A Note on Marx and the Trade Cycle. 1938. REVIEW OF ECONOMIC STUDIES 5 (February): 105-13. - Frank Vorhies. How many trade cycles would still occur, if any, if exchange media and clearing avenues were competitively supplied and value standards freely chosen? - J.Z., 5.6.10.

WILSON, JAMES, Capital, Currency and Banking. London, THE ECONOMIST, 1847. - Capital, London, 1859. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling. - JAMES WILSON, was founder and first editor of THE ECONOMIST, 1847. On pp.30-5, 69-74, 97-104. White mentions him and on p.79, he puts him closer to Tooke than to Gilbart, at least on Bank of England power to overissue. For banking principle, however, combined with metallic redemption. His works were edited by Robert Green, McClosky, 2 vols. In these he may have come out for a national bank. Before he argued against central banking and for the "banking principle" - as he sees it. - J.Z. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System.

WILSON, JAMES, Considerations of the Bank of the United States. (Philadelphia ; 1785). Works of the Hon. James Wilson, III, 395-439, Philadelphia, 1804. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

WILSON, ROBERT ANTON, A Review of P. J. Proudhon and of his own unpublished works, in an old issue of "A WAY OUT". - Review of P. J. Proudhon's "The General Idea of Revolution in the 19th Century", WAY OUT, Jan. 63, 5pp, and: Revolting Conditions? 5pp, ibid. Attack Usury at Its Source, ibid, with Bill Treichler, 4pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 905. - (By now all of R. A. Wilson's manuscripts may have been published but, apparently, all of Proudhon are still not printed, not even in French. A reference to this was, I believe, in Freedom, Freedom Press, London, March 86 issue. Peter Marshall confirmed this opinion. - All of R. A. Wilson’s writings are permeated with monetary freedom notions in the Spooner-Tucker tradition. I have never seen him offer his complete theory but only tantalizing tit-bits in-between his more or less entertaining and popular writings: With Robert Shea : Illuminatus, Part I: The Eye in the Pyramid, Part II: The Golden Apple, Part III: Leviathan, The Illuminati Papers, Masks of the Illuminati, Cosmic Trigger, Schroedinger's Cat: The Universe Next Door, Schroedinger's Cat II: The Trick Top Hat, Schroedinger's Cat III: The Homing Pigeons and, probably, in some further works which I have not yet got. - Recently, he seems to subscribe to the notions of the Letsystem and of Conrad Hopman and Mark Kinney on "money as information". Apart from these, there are numerous dispersed magazine articles. Perhaps he will himself draw all of them together one day, e.g. on disc or online. Like most other libertarians he ignored the microfiche publishing and reading option. - J.Z.

WILSON, ROBERT MCNAIR, Promise to Pay. 1934. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935. - Not enough people ponder the competing exchange media or clearing options with which they should be free to pay their debts. - J.Z., 30.3.10. - The monetary “thinking” of most people is still stuck upon the tradition of rare metal coins, even when they have long disappeared from general circulation. A huge department store or a shopping centre does not have to pay in rare metal coins but can pay in its readiness-to accept certificates, its goods warrants and purchasing vouchers, in convenient denominations, which should also be expressed, like their prices, wages and salaries, in chosen and sound value standards, rather than imposed and unsound ones. - Notions of republicanism still persisted in the Roman Empire after its reality had long disappeared in am imperialist power system. Under our “democracy” and “voting” most people still have the illusion that they are free and emancipated, even while suffering under monetary and other territorially legalized despotism, based upon ignorance, prejudices and errors. - Also under a tax burden, which, as a percentage of earnings, is probably much higher than it was under absolute monarchism. - J.Z., 5.6.10.

WILSON, RUFUS, New York Old and New. New York, 1909. - Sobel, The Curbstone Brokers.

WILSON, T., Inflation. Oxford, B. Blackwell, 1961. - Flamant.

WILSON, THOMAS, A Discourse upon Usury. Edited by R. H. Tawney. London, 1925. - Groseclose, Money & Man.

WILSON, WOODROW, Division and Reunion, 1829-89. Epochs of American History series. New York, 1926. - MEYERS, MARVIN, The Jacksonian Persuasion, 1960.

WINDER, GEORGE, The Source of Money. Essays on Liberty, FEE, vol VI, pp. 385-397, FEE, 1959. - Excellent! - J.Z. - JZL. - The ultimate source should be individual issuers and acceptors - and their voluntary payment communities. - J.Z., 5.6.10.

WINDETT, Australia as Producer and Trader. - Silverman, H. A., The Substance of Economics. - As if it were a single producer and trader! Probably, in his mind it was, if he was a State socialist. - Some books are already condemned by the loose thinking revealed in their title. - J.Z., 4.4.10.

WINDMULLER, J. P., Labor Relations in the Netherlands. Cornell University Press, 1969. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

WINERS, KLAUS, Geldpolitik und Wirtschaftswachstum. Freiburg: Rombach-Verlag 1969. - Flamant. - Ich halte Geldpolitik für unrechtmässig und schädlich und Wirtschaftswachstum für einen irreführenden Begriff. Die ganze Wirtschaft wächst nicht so wie ein Organismus. Individuen und Betriebe, Geschaefte, Gesellschaften, wachsen, schrinken oder verschwinden und das gibt einen Durchschnitt. Aber der sagt Nichts über die Einzelnen und ihre Gruppen aus. - J.Z., 11.3.10.

WINTER, JAMES ALAN, The Fed: Government Agency or Private Monopoly? NOMOS, Autumn 1983, 1p, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 740.

WINTERBOTHAM, WILLIAM, An Historical, Geographical, Commercial, and Philosophical View of American United States. 4 vols. London, 1795. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S.

WINTHROP, JOHN, The History of New England from 1630-1649. (Boston, 1825 and New York: Arno Press, 1972) Vol. 1, p.116. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

WIR VEREINIGUNG FÜR GESUNDE WÄHRUNG, Statuten der WIR Vereinigung für gesunde Währung. Der „WIR“ Wirtschaftsring, Illusion und Wirklichkeit, Zürich 1954. - Gisin (1955)

WIR VEREINIGUNG FÜRT GESUNDE WÄHRUNG, Statuten der WIR Vereinigung für gesunde Währung, Der WIR-Wirtschaftsring, Darstellung und Kritik, Zürich 1952. - Gisin (1955)

WIRTH, MAX, Die Notenbank-Frage in Beziehung zur Währungsreform in Österreich-Ungarn. Frankfurt A.M., J.D. Sauerlaenders Verlag, 1894, 116 S. - I did not microfilm it because I thought it is not good enough in the direction of full monetary freedom. The author was, as stated on the title sheet: “Verfasser der Grundzüge der Nationalökonomie, des Handbuchs des Bankwesens, der Gechichte der Handelskrisen, der Geschichte des Geldes, der Krisis in der Landwirthschaft, der Quellen des Reichthums etc.” - J.Z. - JZL.

WIRTH, MAX, Die Österreichisch-ungarische Bankfrage. Wien 1875. - Obst.

WIRTH, MAX, Handbuch des Bankwesens. 3. Aufl. Köln 1883. - Obst.

WIRTH, MAX, The History of Banking in Germany and Austria-Hungary. New York, 1896. - Sharp, James Roger: The Jacksonians versus the Banks.

WIRTSCHAFT UND STATISTIK, 3.Jhrg., No. 24, 2. Dezember-Heft, 1923. - Brings some interesting statistics. - J.Z. - JZL.

WIRTSCHAFTSBERICHT DER DEUTSCHEN FESTMARKBANK, Berlin, Nr. 3, 16pp, with English translation, containing contributions by G. Ramin and U.v. Beckerath, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 544. In my first CD, folder: D FB condensed, file: FB WIRTSCHAFTSBERICHT, 31 12 31 Bth Ramin. JZem (More issues of it can be found in the Beckerath papers in PEACE PLANS 428ff.)

WISCONSIN RECORDS SURVEY PROJECT, Inventory of the Archives of the State Banking Department of Wisconsin, Mimeographed, 1942. - Rockoff (1975).

WISE, EDMUND D., Gold: Recovery, Properties & Applications. Van Nostrand, N.Y., 1964. - Very useful to counter the argument of the "uselessness" of gold. - J.Z. Only a 10 page book hint could be reproduced here, due to copyrights restrictions. 29x, in PEACE PLANS 738.

WISH, HARVEY, Stephen Pearl Andrews, American Pioneer Sociologist, SOCIAL FORCES, XIX, May, 1941, 477-482. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

WISMER, DAVID C., Varieties of Dix Civil War Tokens of the year 1863. Pennsylvania 1922. - Such token issues even during times of inflation are good indications that deflationary phenemena do also occur during inflations. At a certain stage prices tend to run ahead of the note printing presses, so that deflationary phenomena do also appear in such inflations. - J.Z., 5.6.10.

WISSENSCHAFTLICHE SCHRIFTENREIHE der FZ (Freiwirtschaftlichen Zeitung), Nr. 7., 1931. Enthält 5 Gesellianer-Aufsätze, 49 S. - JZL.

WIR, Der Wirtschaftsring im Kampf, Antwort auf die Anti-WIR-Broschüre von Dr. W, Schwegler. - Gisin (1955)

WIR, Konto-Bedingungen. - Gisin (1955)

WIR, Switzerland, The WIR Bank. - The WIR Bank - A case study offered by www.reinventingmoney.com

WIR-PIONIER, Offizielles Organ der WIR, 1934 ff. - Gisin (1955)

WIR, WIR and the Swiss National Economy. - WIR and the Swiss National Economy. Beard, Philip, trans. Philip Beard and Tobias Studer. Available at http://www.lulu.com/phbeard. - An Annotated Précis, Review, and Critique of Prof. Tobias Studer’s WIR and the Swiss National Economy by Thomas H. Greco, Jr. and Theo Megalli May 2nd, 2007 by Thomas H. Greco - An Annotated Précis, Review, and Critique of WIR and the Swiss National Economy by Prof. Tobias Studer (translation by Prof. Philip Beard). - This is a summary and discussion of important points relating to the operations of the Swiss WIR Bank. - Dr. Studer’s book was originally written in German under the title: “WIR in unserer Volkswirtschaft.” - Posted in Developing Alternatives, Exchange Design, Basic Concepts

WIRTH, MAX, Das Geld. Geschichte der Umlaufsmittel von der ältesten Zeit bis in die Gegenwart. 1884. Leipzig, G. Freytag & Prag, F. Tempsky, mit Sachregister 213 S. - JZL

WISTON-GLYNN, A. W., John Law of Lauriston. (Edinburgh 1906). - “But the last word has yet to be written on this man who combined a blend of financial genius with entrepreneurial action.” - Cottrell & Anderson, Money & Banking in England. - I found, in other texts, often, merely slanders of him, which ignored how much the French government interfered with his proposals and actions, e.g. by imposing legal tender. - Then he was blamed for the results of these interferences. - J.Z., 25.3.10. To blame capitalism or the free market for the consequences of government interventions is, largely, still current practice. - J.Z., 5.6.10.

WITHERS, HARTLEY, Banking and Credit. Year? Nash & Grayson. - Sir Leo Chiozza, Product Money, 1933.

WITHERS, HARTLEY, Money Changing. An Introduction to Foreign Exchange. London, 1913. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank. - Alas, the rightful, rational, sound and needed changes are still outlawed! - J.Z., 5.6.10.

WITHERS, HARTLEY, Our Money and the State. John Murray, Albemarle Street, London, 1917, State Library of NSW. I checked it once out, because of its intriguing title and found it no good. In the meantime, I believe, I was captured by the title again, and bought it! - No fool like an old fool! At least one can always freely laugh about - oneself! - J.Z. - Online at the Mises Institute: Our Money and the State - Related: Books Online Books - It is not “our” money, it is the money of politicians and bureaucrats - and its quality and quantity corresponds to their “quality” and quantity. Well, at least we can pay our taxes with their scrap scrip. - But they do also tax us through over-issuing it. - J.Z., 5.6.10.

WITHERS, HARTLEY, The Meaning of Money. J. D. Unwin, London, 1909. - 1920. London: John Murray. - 1930. New York: E. P. Dutton and Company. (6th Edition.) London, 1937. - 7th ed. 1946. Of fb interest? - The more popular such a work was or is, the more unlikely it is that it advocates full monetary and financial freedom. - Even Hayek did not dare, in the 30’s, to clearly explain all his real views on the subject. Only in the middle 70’s did he finally do so. Then he still managed to miss or misunderstand the major writings of the Swiss, German and Jewish school of monetary freedom! - They were not widely enough available then and are not widely enough available in print even now, but at least some of them are now online at www.reinventingmoney.com. - Their availability on my microfiche did not break through the “silent treatment”. - Not even their availability in print, in the Thirties, in several languages, in Prof. Milhaud’s ANNALS, did. - Modern “economics” and “economists” do also have their “fashions”. - J.Z., 21.5.10.

WITHERS, HARTLEY, The National Provincial Bank, 1833-1933. London, 1933. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

WITHERS, HARTLEY, War and Lombard Street. London, 1916. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

WITHERSPOON, JOHN, Essay on Money, as a Medium of Commerce; with Remarks on the Advantages and Disadvantages of Paper admitted into general Circulation. By a Citizen of the United States. Philadelphia, 1786.

WITT, DE, Free Money. A pamphlet that was offered some years ago by the Indian Libertarian Social Institute in Bombay. - (John De-Witt Warner? I want a copy, anyhow. - J.Z.)

WITTE, Private Geldschoepfungsversuche. In: Untersuchung des Bankwesens, 133, 1. Teil, Vorbereitendes Material, Band 2, Berlin 1933, S. 91-117.

WOENIGER, AUGUST THEODOR, Bülow-Cummerows Zettelbank-Projekt. Ein kritischer Beitrag zur Geschichte der Geldaristokratie. Berlin 1846. - Obst.

WOENIGER, AUGUST THEODOR, Die Preussische Bank. Ein geschichtlich-kritischer Beitrag zur Beurteilung der neuesten Bankreform. Berlin 1846. - Obst.

WOJNILOWER, ALBERT M., The Quality of Bank Loans. A Study of Bank Examination Data. OCCASIONAL PAPER No. 82. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1962. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking.

WOLCOTT, OLIVER, Remarks on the Present State of Currency, Credit, Commerce and National Industry. New York, 1820. - Miller, Harry E., Banking Theories in the US before 1860.

WOLF, J., Vorschläge zur Hebung der Kurse der deutschen Staatsanleihen. Leipzig, 1911. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

WOLFE, GREGORY, Beyond Supply & Demand - The Psychology of Inflation. THE FREEMAN, 2/79, pp. 67-74. 6pp, in PEACE PLANS 1757/1758, p.272. - I would have been more interested in an article on the laws that make inflation possible, namely those on legal tender and the issue monopoly. - J.Z.

WOLFE, MARTIN, The French Franc Between the Wars 1919-1939. New York, 1951. - Paul Einzig, How Money Is Managed. The Ends & Means of Monetary Policy. - Was it an is it a French Franc or a French government Franc? - J.Z., 25.3.10. - Don’t expect any frankness from any government on such subjects. - J.Z., 17.7.10.

WOLFE, Theory and Practice of International Commerce. - Silverman, H. A., The Substance of Economics.

WOLFF, HENRY W., A People's Bank Manual. P. S. King & Son. - Wolff, People’s Banks, 1896.

WOLFF, HENRY W., Agricultural Banks: Their Object and their Work. London, 1894. Agricultural Banks Association. - Wolff, People’s Banks, 1896.

WOLFF, HENRY W., People’s Banks. A Record of Social and Economic Success. Longmans, 1893, 2nd. ed., revised and enlarged, London, P. S. King, 1896, 399pp. - JZL - London, 1910. - GOLLIN, The Commonwealth Bank of A. - “A most interesting account of the history and constitution of Co-operative Banks.” - NATIONAL REVIEW. - Does not appear to deal with private note-issuing banks at all but only with credit cooperatives, just like the planned Ökobank of the ecologists and conservationists in Germany, now. But the greenies might be able to learn something from it. - Alas, all of them dealt only with the existing monopoly money, not with local currencies issued by themselves and thus their effect was rather limited. - J.Z., 3.4.10. - JZL.

WOLFF, HENRY W., Village Banks; or Agricultural Credit Societies for Small Occupiers, Village Tradesmen, &c. London, 1894. P. S. King & Son. - Wolff, People’s Banks, 1896.

WOLFF, KURT H., Georg Simmel 1858-1918. A Collection of Essays. (ed.) Ohio State University Press, Columbia, Ohio 1959. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

WOLFF, KURT H., The Sociology of Georg Simmel. The Free Press of Glencoe, Illinois 1950. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

WOLFF, MARTIN, Das Geld. 90 Seiten in Ehrenbergs Handbuch des Handelsrechts, IV. Bd., 1. Abteilung, S.563 ff., Leipzig, 1917. - Knapp. - - Lautner, Der „WIR“ Verrechnungsverkehr, 1964. - Vielleicht sollte man zunächst einmal fast alle Schriften über das Geld als blosse Utopien und Spekulationen, wenn nicht sogar als Phantasien, Romane und blosse Geschichten betrachten. Jedenfalls kein derartiger Text sollte auf blosse Autorität oder Popularität hin kritiklos angenommen werden. - J.Z., 9.3.10.

WOLFF, R. D., Marxian Crisis Theory: Structure and Implications. 1978. Review of RADICAL POLITICAL ECONOMICS 10 (Spring): 47-57. - Frank Vorhies - One should neither discuss Marx’s crisis theory nor that of Mises in isolation but, always, in connection with the dozens of other crisis theories - and their pro and con. Then it becomes much easier to see their remaining faults or strengths. The single hypothesis approach does all too often mislead. For instance, the sunspot theory may partly explain some crises by the influence of sun-spot fluctuations upon agriculture, but not all kinds of crises. Even monetary and financial despotism, on their own, may not be able to explain all economic crises. “Eines Mannes Rede ist keines Mannes Rede. Man soll sie billig hören beede!” - says an old German proverb. (One man’s speech is no man’s speech. One should in fairness hear them both.) In this case, one should not only listen to two hypotheses but pay attention to the dozens of others as well - at least until they are sufficiently refuted. - J.Z., 17.7.10.

WOLFRAM, GARY, A Note on Converting the Ruble. THE FREEMAN, 1/91, 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.452.

WOLL, ARTUR, (I also found him named Woll, Arthur. - J.Z.)

WOLL, ARTUR, Allgemeine Volkswirtschaftslehre. Berlin: Vahlen 1969. - Flamant.

WOLL, ARTUR, Das Währungssystem einer freiheitlichen Ordnung. In „Zur Verfassung der Freiheit“, Festgabe fuer F. A.von Hayek zur Vollending seines 80.Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, 1979. - in ORDO, 30, 1979, 11 S., S. 411-421, in PEACE PLANS 805. - JZL.

WOLL, ARTUR, Zum Konkurrenzgeldsystem. In: „Zur Verfassung der Freiheit.“ - “Festgabe fuer F. A.von Hayek zur Vollending seines 80.Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, 1979. - JZL.

WOLODIN, W. S., Keynes: eine Ideologie des Monopolkapitals. Berlin 1955. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies. - Capital is not a living and rational entity that can have an ideology. Monopoly capital is a misconception, seeing the very diverse forms of capital that do exist, all in competiton with each other and including their multitude, which also includes the multitude of potentially very productive (under freedom and when sufficiently “programmed) of biological “robots”, called humans, as long as they are able and willing to work, intelligently, for their own advantage, by serving others economicallly. - J.Z., 5.6.10.

WOLOWSKI, M. LOUIS, Die Banken von Schottland, als Beitrag zur Lösung der landwirtschaftlichen Creditfrage. Aus dem Französischen übersetzt von Julius von Holtzendorff, Berlin, 1870, Lüderitzsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, A. Charisius. - JZL, imperfect photocopy, that by its lack of quality and by the contents of the book has not yet tempted me to film or digitize it. - J.Z.)

WOLOWSKI, LOUIS, Die Bankfrage. [La question des Banques.] Auszug in: Diehl & Mombert, Vom Gelde S.135.

WOLOWSKI, M. LOUIS, Entretien sur le Traité de la Monnaie de Copernic. Paris, 1864. Pamphlet, 8vo. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

WOLOWSKI, M. LOUIS, Gold und Silber. [L'or et l'argent] Auszug in: Diehl & Mombert, Vom Gelde S.33.

WOLOWSKI, M. LOUIS, La Banque d'Angleterre et les Banques d'Ecosse. Paris, 1867.

WOLOWSKI, M. LOUIS, La Question des Banques. Paris, Guilaumin, 1864, 592pp, VoWiSem, Freiburg Br. - SMITH, VERA C.

WOLOWSKI, M. LOUIS, Les Banques d'Angleterre et les Banques d'Ecosse. Paris: Guillaumin, 1867. - SMITH, VERA C.

WOLOWSKI, M. LOUIS, Les Banques D'Ecosse. Translated into English by Robert Somers, with comments by Somers, 244pp, 1873, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 667.

WOLTER, JOHANNES, Das staatliche Geldwesen Englands zur Zeit der Bank-Restriktion (1797 bis 1821). 214 S., Heft XXXIII, 1917: Abhandlungen herausgegeben von Knapp, Strassburg, Verlag von Karl Truebner.

WOOD, ELMER, English Theories of Central Banking Control, 1819-58, with Some Account of Contemporary Procedure. (1939) Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. - Dowd - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain. - White, 69: "... pp.3-27... for a thorough treatment of the controversy concerning the extent of the Bank of England's control over the country circulation.")

WOOD, G. E., One Money for Europe? A Review Essay.' (1989) mimeo, London: City University Business School. - Dowd

WOOD, G. L., Wheat Pools, with Special Reference to Australia. ECONOMIC RECORD, Vol. IV, Feb. 1928, pp.18-37. - GOLLIN, The Commonwealth Bank of A.

WOOD, JOHN H. & WOOD, NORMA L., Financial Markets. New York, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1985. - O’Driscoll, Jr.

WOOD, STUART, Capital Formation in the United States and the Question of a Capital Shortage. Chapter 3 of: SIEGEL, BARRY N., Money in Crisis, editor, 1984.

WOODBRIDGE, WILLIAM, Papers. Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library, Detroit, Mich., - SHADE, G. W. (1972), Manuscripts.

WOODFORD, A. B., On the Use of Silver as Money in the United States. Baltimore, 1893. - Carothers, Fractional Money.

WOODFORD, ARTHUR M., Detroit and its Banks. The Story of Detroit Bank & Trust. Published for the Detroit Bank & Trust Company by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 1975, with bibliography and index 299pp. - JZL.

WOODFORD, FRANK B. & CROESBECK, ALEX J., Lewis Cass - the Last Jeffersonian. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1950. - Woodford, Detroit & its Banks.

WOODFORD, FRANK B. & CROESBECK, ALEX J., Mr. Jefferson's Disciple: A Life of Justice Woodward. East Lansing, Michigan State College Press, 1953. - Woodford, Detroit & its Banks.

WOODFORD, FRANK B. & CROESBECK, ALEX J., Portrait of a Public Man. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1962. - Woodford, Detroit & its Banks.

WOODFORD, FRANK B. & CROESBECK, ALEX J., Yankees in Wonderland. Cass Lectureship Series. Detroit: Wayne [State] University Press, 1951. - Woodford, Detroit & its Banks.

WOODFORD, FRANK B. & HYMA, ALBERT, Gabriel Richard, Frontier Ambassador. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1958. - Woodford, Detroit & its Banks.

WOODFORD, FRANK B. & WOODFORD, ARTHUR M., All Our Yesterdays: A Brief History of Detroit. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1969. - Woodford, Detroit & its Banks.

WOODLEY, ANNETTE R., & STEELE, H. ELLSWORTH, Charge Account Banking in the Sixth Federal Reserve District." ATLANTA ECONOMIC REVIEW, November 1966, p.3. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972. - Banks and banking are “sponge words” that have soaked up many different meanings. I wish that for all their varieties different and quite clear terms would be coined. Otherwise, a table might be compiled on the different banking kinds by numbers. Then each kind of bank could be characterized by its numbers, e.g.: 1 - 4 - 9 etc. - J.Z., 17.7.10.

WOODS, THOMAS E., Meltdown: A Free-Market Look at Why the Stock Market Collapsed, the Economy Tanked, and Government Bailouts Will Make Things Worse. - Washington, D.C., Regenery Publishing, 2009. - Michael Cohen. - Summer 2009 - The Mises Review

WOODWARD, A., Wampum. Albany, 1880. - Carothers, Fractional Money.

WOODWARD, JOHN GURLEY, Currency and Banking in Connecticut. In William T. Davis, editor, The New England States, Their Constitutional, Judicial, Educational, Commercial, Professional and Industrial History. 4 vols. Boston, 1897. - Sharp, James Roger: The Jacksonians versus the Banks.

WOODWARD, SUSAN, A Transaction Cost Analysis of Banking Activity and Deposit Insurance. - THE CATO JOURNAL 7, pp.683-99, Winter 1988. - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System.

WOODWARD, W. E., A New American History. Garden City Publishing Co., Inc., Garden City, N.Y., 1938. - Smith, Jerome F., The Coming Currency Collapse, 1980.

WOODWARD, W. E., Tom Paine, Americas Godfather. E.P. Dutton & Company, Inc., New York, 1945. - Smith, Jerome F., The Coming Currency Collapse, 1980.

WOODWORTH, G. WALTER, The Detroit Money Market, 1934-1955. Bureau of Business Research. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1956. - Woodford, Detroit & its Banks.

WOODWORTH, G. WALTER, The Detroit Money Market. MICHIGAN BUSINESS STUDIES, 5 (1932): 187-406. - Woodford, Detroit & its Banks.

WOODWORTH, G. WALTER, The Money Market and Monetary Management. New York: Harper, 1965. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking.

WOOLDRIDGE, WILLIAM C., Uncle Sam, The Monopoly Man. 1970. New Rochelle, New York: Arlington House. - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking. - 161 pp, chapt. III: Every Man His Own Mintmaster, p. 54-74. - JZL.

WOOLEN, E., Labor Troubles, 1834-37, YALE REVIEW, Vol. I. - McGrane, The Panic of 1837.

WOOLLEY, CHARLES, Phases of PanicsWe have received a thin volume entitled "Phases of Panics," by Mr. Charles Woolley, who is the president of the Institute of Secretaries (London: Henry Good and Son). - - It consists of a "brief historical review" of the financial and commercial crises of the last sixty years, which. was originally delivered as a lecture at the London Institution in April last. - - Mr. Woolley has not dealt with his subject in the manner of a Bagehot; he does not give us in his book anything approaching a philosophical or scientific exposition of the causes or consequences of the events which he records. Thus, his account of the Alexander Collie and the City of Glasgow Bank disasters might lead the reader to suppose that mere frauds, deliberately designed, were the sole causes of those lamentable collapses. He tells us nothing of the circumstances out of which the temptation to fraud arose, and which led to other catastrophes during the same period in connection with which no particular charges of fraud were made. The coupling of the names of Collie and Jabez Balfour is quite misleading; Collie's faults were grave enough, but he was not exactly a Jabez Balfour, and no "review" of the Collie "period" (which did not terminate with Collie's failure) can be considered as in any sense "historical” in which the direct cause and effect relations of the American War, the opening of the Suez Canal, and the demonetisation of silver, with the particular "phase" of commercial and financial history presented by that period, are not shown. - - To some extent, even the strict chronological order adopted by Mf. Woolley may make his record misleading in the absence of such analytical examination. Thus, though he does indeed refer in a general way to the American War, he only mentions its economic accompaniments, such as the rise in the price of cotton and the contemporary disturbance of trade; and as the next event in his list is the Overend, Gurney, and Co. panic of 1866, the superficial reader might suppose that the last-named event was the culmination of the influences of the former. As a matter of fact, however, we must look for the causes of the collapse of 1866 in the whole of the preceding decade at least, and we doubt whether it could be shown that the American War had anything to do with it. And it was not until the period 1873 to 1878 - Collie failed in 1875, and the City of Glasgow Bank in 1878 - that we must look for the maturity of the crop of influences springing out of the American Civil War. - This text of an old clipping, unsigned, without a heading, was included in my copy of GILBART, J. W., The History, Principles and Practice of Banking, by the late J. W. Gilbart, F.R.S., revised by A. S. Michie, Vol. I, London, George Bell & Sons, … and New York, 1892, 443pp. - J.Z., 16.3.10. - JZL.

WOOLSEY, WARREN WILLIAM, Competitive Payments Systems: Comment. 1985. Manuscript, Talledega College, Al. - Selgin, The Evolution of a Free Banking System.

WOOLSEY, WARREN WILLIAM, The Multiple Standard and the Means of Exchange. 1984. Unpublished manuscript, Talledega College, Al. - Selgin, The Evolution of a Free Banking System.

WOOTTON, B., Social Foundations of Wages Policy. Allen & Unwin, 1962. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

WORD, THE, ed. by Ezra H. Heywood, 1872-1893, Princeton, Mass.

WÖRGL EXPERIMENT with Gesell’s notions: The Wörgle Currency and Demurrage. - The Worgl Currency and Demurrage - A case study offered by www.reinventingmoney.com - Woergl or Wörgl is the correct spelling. - J.Z. - Compare Ulrich von Beckerath’s review of it, expressed in his third monetary freedom book, also on the latter site, which I had reproduced in PEACE PLANS No. 11. - The tax foundation aspect of this currency issue played the decisive role in it. - J.Z., 5.6.10.

WORLD COIN NEWS, Iola, Wisconsin, U.S.A., 1979 (6. Jahrg.) - Albert Pick

WORLD MONEY ANALYST, It's ALMOST Time to Buy Gold. 7pp of leaflets, n.d., in PEACE PLANS 793. - That only helps to reduce the effect inflation has on one’s savings. Otherwise, it does not offer a return, like a productive investment does. - J.Z., 5.6.10.

WORLD RESEARCH INK, The Federal Reserve Should Maintain Its Authority Over the Money Supply(?). Sept./Oct. 1979, 11 722 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA 92121. Hint by David E. Rhoads, in 1979. Address now, probably, out of date but if this organization still exists, it could be found online. - J.Z., 11.3.10. - Rhoad reproduced this article in his small brochure, “The FED Did It”

WORLD RESEARCH, INC., The Inflation File. A study guide, intended for use with the film, same title, same firm, which I found to be rather primary school “stuff”. On page 32 Hayek's monetary freedom option is shortly discussed.

WORLEY, TED R., Arkansas and the Money Crisis of 1836-37. JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY, XV (May, 1949), 178-91. - Sharp, James Roger: The Jacksonians versus the Banks.

WORLEY, TED R., The Arkansas State Bank: Ante-Bellum Period. ARKANSAS HISTORICAL QUARTERLY, XXIII (spring, 1964), 65-73. - Sharp, James Roger: The Jacksonians versus the Banks.

WORLEY, TED R., The Control of the Real Estate Bank of the State of Arkansas, 1836-1855. MISSISSIPPI VALLEY HISTORICAL REVIEW, XXXVII (December, 1950), 403-26. - Sharp, James Roger: The Jacksonians versus the Banks.

WORMSER, MAURICE, Frankenstein, Incorporated. New York, 1931. - Groseclose, Money & Man.

WORMSER, RENE A. & KEMMERER, DONALD L., Restoring "Cold Clauses" in Contracts. MONETARY TRACT, Number 7. Connecticut: Committee for Monetary Research and Education, Inc., January, 1975. - Antony C. Sutton, The War on Gold. - 16pp. - Exceptional in that it mentions the gold clearing standard on pp 9/10. - J.Z.

WORSWICK, G. D. N. & ADY, P. H., The British Economy, 1945-50. London, 1952. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

WORSWICK, G. D. N. The Concept and Measurement of Involuntary Unemployment. (ed.) Allen & Unwin, 1976. - SCHUETTINGER & BUTLER, 40 Centuries … How not to fight inflation.

WÖRTERBUCH DER VOLKSWIRTSCHAFT, herausgegeben von L. ELSTER, 3. Aufl. Jena 1911, 2 Baende. - Obst, Georg, Geld-, Bank- & Börsenwesen. - Perhaps all the dictionaries and encyclopedias and handbooks should also be separately listed, together, in an appendix of special bibliographies. This whole bibliography might be divided into a monetary and a financial one. - J.Z., Since female writers on such subjects are still relatively rare, I would like to see them also separately listed as well. - This might help to promote their writings - at least among the feminists and women’s liberation people. - 17.7.10.

WORTHEN, W. B., Early Banking in Arkansas. Little Rock, Ark., 1906. - Sharp, James Roger: The Jacksonians versus the Banks.

WORTHINGTON, T. K., Historical Sketch of the Finances of Pennsylvania. In AMER. ECON. ASSOC. PUB., Vol. II. - Reginald Charles McGrane, The Panic of 1837, 1924.

WRAXALL, Sir NATHANIEL WILLIAM, History of France from Henry III. to Louis XIV. London, 1795. 3 vols. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

WRENCH, Dr. G. T., Land and Motherland, Eighteen Talks on the Indian Question. Faber and Faber, London, 1947, 147pp. - On the right to coin silver coins, even in the villages, from silver jewelry, possibly for centuries, until prohibited by the British government in 1893, especially pages 125-127. It seems only a small step to proceed from this to local goods and service and clearing certificates, in money denominations, privately issued. However, how many have considered it or even taken it? - He mentions money lenders on pp. 126 & 129. - Money lenders of monopoly money should be distinguished from money lenders of the monies of monetary freedom. - J.Z., 17.7.10. - JZL)

WRIGHT, AUSTIN W. According to Wendy McElroy's Comprehensive Index to LIBERTY, he wrote on banking in No. 313, pp.6-8, on currency in 368, pp.3-4, on money in 317, p.7, 321, pp.3-4, 356, pp.7-8. - Tucker responded to him in 313, p.4-5, 321, p.4, 352, p.1, 363, p.1. - (He was a Chicago businessman, who favoured full financial liberty in banking and coinage. The June 1980 issue ON LIBERTY refers to him.) - Perhaps the full discussion of the Tucker circle and of his followers, on money, clearing, credit, interest and value standards, with all its pro and con, would be worth a special anthology? - J.Z., 17.2.10. - One with sufficient modern comments! - J.Z., 17.7.10.

WRIGHT, CHARLES [MOUNTAINEER], Our Political Practice. The Usurpations of Vice Through the Popular Negligence. Boston: Alfred Mudge and Son, Printers, 1864. - SHADE, G. W. (1972)

WRIGHT, ICHABOD CHARLES, Thoughts on the Currency. 1841. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935.

WRIGHT, JOSEPH A., Addresses Delivered By Gov. Wright and President Berry at the Indiana Asbury University, July 16, 1850. Indianapolis: John D. Defrees, 1850. & Speech of Governor Joseph A. Wright on the Bank Fraud Case in the Senate March 9, 1857, n.p., n.d. - SHADE, G. W. (1972)

WRIGHT, JOSEPH A., An Address Delivered at the Installation of Rev. W. M. Daily, D. D. as President of the Indiana University, August 2, 1854. Indianapolis: Journal Monmoth Steam Printing Establishment, 1854. - SHADE, G. W. (1972)

WRIGHT, JOSEPH A., An Address Delivered by Gov. Joseph A. Wright on the 6th Day of October, 1853, At Livonia, Washington County, Indiana to the District Agricultural Society Composed Of The Counties Of Washington And Orange. Indianapolis. Austin H. Brown and Co., 1854. - SHADE, G. W. (1972)

WRIGHT, JOSEPH A., Speech of Governor Joseph A. Wright on the Bank Fraud Case in the Senate, March 9, 1857. n.p., n.d. of publication.

WRIGHT, JOSEPH, Papers. Indiana State Library, Indianapolis, Ind. - SHADE, G. W. (1972), Manuscripts.

WRIGHT, QUINCY, Gold and Monetary Stabilization. (ed.) Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1932. - Mises Institute.

WRIGHT, The Industrial Evolution of the United States. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S.

WRONG, DENNIS, Makers of Modern Social Science: Max Weber. (ed.) Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 1970. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

WROTH, WARWICK, Imperial Byzantine Coins in the British Museum. 2 vols in one. Chicago: Argonaut, Inc., 1966. - DOTY (1978).

WROTH, WARWICK, W., Catalogue of the Imperial Byzantine Coins in the British Museum. London, 1908. - Feavearyear, The Pound Sterling.

WROTH, WARWICK, Western & Provincial Byzantine Coins of the Vandals, Ostrogoths and Lombards. Chicago: Argonaut, Inc., 1966. - DOTY (1978).

WUENSTEL, MICHAEL, Das Geld zum Diener des Menschen machen. In: DAS BAUGERUEST 3/92. Hummelsdorfer Weg 100, Postfach 45 01 31, 8500 Nuernberg 45. - From: Holger Lemme, Newsgroups: cl.wirtschaft.geld - Subject: Literatur-Liste, Date: 17 Apr 95 - Literatur zum Thema "Gerechtes Geld". (No my definition of it! - J.Z.) - Das kann nicht gemacht warden fuer das monopolistische Zwangsgeld der Zentralbanken. - J.Z., 6.5.10.

WINTER, J. P., An Address to the Proprietors of Bank Stock. 1832. London, Pelham Richardson. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

WYCOFF, RICHARD, Wall Street Ventures and Adventures through Forty Years. New York, 1930. - Sobel, The Curbstone Brokers. - Sobel commented: “… the various ethnic groups got along with each other so well at the Curb.” - No capital market is free enough as long as it can trade only with more or less monopolized exchange media as its means of cash payments. - It also needs sufficient publicity for all its trades and trade offers, even if not concluded, so that its participants are sufficiently informed. In our computer age this would not longer be difficult to achieve. - Nor are the currency markets free enough, I suppose, as long as the capital markets are government-regulated. - A sound capital market requires first of all a sound turn-over-credit market, or exchange media and clearing certificate and clearing account market. The greatest productive enterprise will fall in its capital value when the sales of its products fall. - J.Z., 20.5.10.

 

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XUEYI, ZHENG; ZHANG, YAGUANG & WHALLEY, Monetary Theory from A Chinese Historical Perspective. NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES, No. 16092, http://www.nber.org/papers/w16092. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, June 2010. - Sent to me by a friend via email, July 2010. Good on history, early moves towards freedom in this sphere, but centralist dogmatism prevailed there as well. Does not arrive at clear cut monetary and financial freedom positions. It is a bit depressing to think that so many Chinese scholars, dealing with the related problems for thousands of years, have still not come to better conclusions than they did. Or, if they did, they may not be free to publish them. Perhaps we can contact some of the Chinese scholars through this US institution. The bibliography of this paper is very short and contains only one title that was of obvious interest to me: HICKS, J. E., A Market Theory of Money, Oxford, Clarendon Press, no date, no pages given. This working paper is in PDF and comes to 34 pages. - If monetary freedom were introduced in China this would soon become known all over the world and spread all over the world, by the actions of volunteers. However, regardless of how rightful, rational and economic it is, it should not be imposed upon any dissenters. Let them have their hang-ups, in the monetary and financial spheres as well, as long as they are, individually, able and willing to put up with them. - For their remaining volunteers they should be tolerated in China as well. Even monetary and financial despotism - for those still foolish enough to like it or to prefer it. - J.Z., 17.7.10.

 

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YAGUANG ZHANG, See: XUEYI

YALE LAW JOURNAL, Regulation of Consumer Credit - the Credit Card and the State Legislature." April 1964, pp.886-904. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972.

YÄN, T. H., Die Anfänge des chinesischen Geldwesens. In: S. VIII, 110. - Herbert Franke, Geld- & Wirtschaft in China unter der Mongolen-Herrschaft.

YANG, LIEN-SHENG, Money and Credit in China. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1952. - Schuler - Paul Einzig, How Money Is Managed. The Ends & Means of Monetary Policy. - Friedman, M., Money Mischief.

YANG, PEIXIN, Inflation in Old China. (In Chinese.) Beijing: People's Publishing Co., 1985. - Friedman, M., Money Mischief.

YARRANTON, ANDREW, England's Improvement by Sea and Land; to Outdo the Dutch without Fighting; to Pay Debts without Moneys; to set at Work all the Poor of England with the growth of our own Lands; to prevent unnecessary Suits in Law; with the benefit of a voluntary Register (registration of land titles); directions where vast quantities of Timber are to be had for the building of Ships; with the advantage of making the great Rivers of England navigable; rules to prevent Fires in London and other great Cities; with directions how the several companies of handicraftsmen in London may always have cheap Bread and Drink. London, 1577, 1677? 2 vols, 4to. - The second vol. extremely rare. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885. - An ingenious and extremely rare work. - Alexander Del Mar, History of Money in America, 1889,

YARROS, VICTOR S., Adventures in the Realm of Ideas. Girard, Kan., 1947. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

YARROS, VICTOR S., Anarchism: Its Aims and Methods. Boston, 1887. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

YARROS, VICTOR S., Our Revolution; Essays in Interpretation. Boston, 1920. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

YARROS, VICTOR S., Philosophical Anarchism (1880-1910)," JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, VI (April, 1941), 254-262. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

YARROS, VICTOR S. Philosophical Anarchism, 1880-1890, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY, 1941, pp. 475-483 & JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, April 1941, p.256.

YARROS, VICTOR S., Philosophical Anarchism: Its Rise, Decline and Eclipse." THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY, XLI (January, 1936), pp. 470-483. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

YARROS, VICTOR S., The Persistence of Utopian Thinking. THE SOCIAL FRONTIER, V (June, 1939), 264-268. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

YARROS, VICTOR S., Toward the American Commonwealth: Independent Pragmatic Radicalism." THE SOCIAL FRONTIER, V (December, 1938), 89-90. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

YEAGER, LELAND B., & GREENFIELD, ROBERT L., A Laissez-Faire Approach to Monetary Stability. JMCB, Aug. 8, 14pp, in PEACE PLANS 795.

YEAGER, LELAND B., A Competitive Payments System: Some Objections Considered. 1989. JOURNAL OF POST KEYNESIAN ECONOMICS, in press. - White, Competition & Currency.

YEAGER, LELAND B., Comment on Cowen and Kroszner. - Manuscript, Auburn, Ala.: Auburn Univ., 1985. - Cowen & Kroszner.

YEAGER, LELAND B., Deregulation and monetary reform. (1985) AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW 75, Papers and Proceedings, pp.103-7, May, (1985). - DOWD, The State & the Monetary System. - 105: sees "no satisfactory answer" to the collapsing dollar problem in a transition to the non-commodity-money competitive payments system he favors. - White, Competition & Currency. - PEACE PLANS 791. - JZL.

YEAGER, LELAND B., Economics and Principles. SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, April 1976, vol.42, no.4. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

YEAGER, LELAND B., Essential Properties of a Medium of Exchange. 1968, KYKLOS 21: 45-69. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.  - “Essential Properties of the Medium of Exchange," KYKLOS 21, no. 1 (1968): 45-69; reprinted in R. W. Clower, ed., Monetary Theory: Selected Readings (Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1969), 37-60. - Gerald P. O’Driscoll, Jr., July 86.

YEAGER, LELAND B., Experiences with Stopping Inflation. Washington: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1981. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition.

YEAGER, LELAND B., Foreword to Siegel, Barry N., Money in Crisis. 7pp.

YEAGER, LELAND B., From Gold to the Ecu: The International Monetary System in Retrospect. 1998. In Money and the Nation State, edited by Kevin Dowd & Richard H. Timberlake, Jr., Oakland, California: The Independent Institute, pp. 77−104.

YEAGER, LELAND B., In Search of a Monetary Constitution. Cambridge: Harvard, University Press, 1962. - Pamela Brown, Monetary Reform & Competition. Only 1/2 page list of essays in this anthology, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.622. - The search for genuine individual rights and liberties in this sphere would have been more fruitful than it was so far. Only a few private human rights declarations contain some clauses on monetary rights and monetary freedom, including free banking and free choice of value standards. - J.Z., 6.5.10.

YEAGER, LELAND B., Individual and Overall Viewpoints in Monetary Theory. 1982. In: Israel M. Kirzner, ed., Method, Process, and Austrian Economics: Essays in Honor of Ludwig von Mises. Cambridge, Mass., D. C. Heath. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

YEAGER, LELAND B., International Monetary Relations: Theory, History and Policy. Harper & Row, New York 1966. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

YEAGER, LELAND B., Stable Money and Free-Market Currencies. (1983) Paper for a Cato Institute Conference of January 21-22, 1983. In: CATO JOURNAL, 6 (Spring 1983). CATO JOURNAL, 3(1) (Spring), (The Search for Stable Money.), pp.305-26. - Comment by Gerald P. O'Driscoll, Jr., ibid, pp. 327-333. - Pages: 319, 324: - Yeager calls them a "non-coercive nudge," but it is doubtful that a measure which would presumably require payment of taxes in a particular form should be called "non-coercive." - 323-25: - A cashless competitive payments system is proposed as a reform. - White, Competition & Currency. - White, Competition & Currency. - Also in Dorn and Schwartz, 1987. - Schuler. - (JZL) - CATO JOURNAL 3, Spring 83, according to Cowen & Kroszner.

YEAGER, LELAND B., Sticky Prices or Equilibrium Always? (Paper presented at the Western Economic Association meetings, San Francisco, 7 July 1981). - Gerald P. O’Driscoll, Jr., July 86.

YEAGER, LELAND B., The Fluttering Veil. Essays on Monetary Disequilibrium. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund. (1997). - How can there develop a close enough approximation to an equilibrium without free competition? - J.Z., 6.5.10.

YEAGER, LELAND B., The International Money Mechanism. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York 1968. - FRANKEL, S. HERBERT, Money: Two Philosophies.

YEAGER, LELAND B., The Keynesian Diversion." WESTERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL 11 (June 1973): 150-63. - Richard E. Wagner, Politics, Central Banking, and Economic Order.

YEAGER, LELAND B., The Medium of Exchange. In: Monetary Theory, pp. 37-60. Edited by R. W. Clower. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1970. . - WELLS, DONALD R., & SCRUGGS, L. S.

YEAGER, LELAND B., The Significance of Monetary Disequilibrium. 1986. Cato Journal 6(2) (Fall). - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

YEAGER, LELAND B., What Are Banks? 1978, ATLANTIC ECONOMIC JOURNAL 6 (December): 1-14. - White, L. H., Free Banking in Britain.

YEH, K. C., Capital Formation in Mainland China, 1931-1936 and 1952-1957. Ph.D. dissertation. Columbia University, 1964. - Friedman, M., Money Mischief.

YEN, HARRY S. C., The World-and How We Abuse It." and "The Fragile Beauty All Around Us. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, vol. 138, No. 6, December 1970, pp.782-795. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972. - The world also abuses itself, e.g. by storms, floods, tidal waves, earthquakes, frosts, heat waves, drought, epidemics. Man, as another force of nature, counters these forces as much as he can. - J.Z., 17.7.10.

YEOMAN, R. S., A Catalog of Modern World Coins. - Schilke & Solomon, America’s Foreign Coins … with Legal Tender Status in the US 1793-1857.

YEOMAN, R. S., A Guide Book of United States Coins. 31st ed. Racine, Wisconsin: Western Publishing Company, Inc., 1977. - DOTY (1978).

YEOMAN, R. S., Private Gold. Templeton Reid, Georgia - 1830." NUMISMATIC SCRAPBOOK MAGAZINE 11 (February-March, 1945). - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

YEOMAN, R. S., The Gold Rush Private Coinage. WHITMAN NUMISMATIC JOURNAL 1 (March, 1964). - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

YETTER, NOAH & COCHRAN, JOHN P., Capital in Disequilibrium: An Austrian Approach to Recession and Recovery. - (Metropolitan State College of Denver), 5/21/2004, Mises Institute Working Papers - Online at the Mises Institute. - Just one of over 150 crisis theories? - J.Z.

YODER, DALE et al, Handbook of Personnel Management and Labor Relations. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1958. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking. - How many of such books explore the kind of exchange medium in which wages and salaries are paid or may be legally paid? And the exchange media and clearing processes by which they could be paid in the absence of monetary despotism? Too many employers, employees, and “economists” do take monopoly money with legal tender power for granted and do not relate these exchange media to inflations, deflations and stagflations or economic crises. - The assumption that any governmental institution like a central bank, with its legislative, juridical, bureaucratic and juridical background and limitations, could supply a whole country, quite sufficiently, with sound exchange media to make paying the wage and salaries easy and to achieve the sale of all the goods and services they provide, is quite irrational and not backed by facts. - We would not expect a whole country to be supplied by one firm e.g. with bread, towels, toilet-paper, shoes or tooth-brushes but, somehow, we assume, that with the exchange media and the value standard this can be done and is being done, - although, on close observation, we can see that here, too, are the usual failures of official agencies and their “solutions”, procedures and laws, regulations and jurisdictions. - J.Z., 5.6.10.

YOHE, WILLIAM P., Federal Reserve Behavior. 1974. In: William J. Frazer, ed., Crisis in Economic Theory. Gainesville, Fla.: University of Florida Press. - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

YOUNG, ARTHUR N., China's Nation-Building Effort, 1927-1937. Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1971. - Friedman, M., Money Mischief. - Calling it “China” does already assume that a nation exists and calling it “nation-building” assumes that further steps in that direction are rightful and rational. At least when it comes to religious “conversion” attempts at “mass conversions”, for whole territories and all their people, are no longer fashionable and the victims are given a choice and also the right to refuse to be converted. - Central banking, with its monetary despotism, is just one of the excrescences of territorialism and its ideology, largely an ignorant, prejudiced and non-thinking one, not much different in essence from fanatic religious intolerance, with its dogmatism and suppression of heretics. - J.Z., 5.6.10.

YOUNG, ARTHUR N., China's Wartime Finance and Inflation, 1937-1945. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1965. - Friedman, M., Money Mischief.

YOUNG, ARTHUR, An Enquiry into the Progressive Value of Money in England. 1812. - Butchart, Money, Selected Passages … English Tradition 1640-1935. - He should, rather, have written about the progressive depreciation of the English Pound. - J.Z., 17.7.10.

YOUNG, ARTHUR, Travels in France, Spain, and Italy, London. 1792. 2 vols. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

YOUNG, BRIGHAM, Daily Transactions in Gold Dust 1848-1849. In archives of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints Library, Salt Lake City. - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

YOUNG, BRIGHAM, Manuscript History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints 1848-1860. In archives of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints Library, Salt Lake City. - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

YOUNG, GORDON, & BLAIR, JAMES P., Pollution, Threat to Man's Only Home. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, Vol. 138, No. 6, December 1970, pp.738-781. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972. - Potentially, the universe is man’s home. But this does not mean that we should spoil this planet among millions. - What private property and responsibility in this respect can achieve is demonstrated almost everywhere by private gardens. - J.Z., 17.7.10.

YOUNG, JOHN PARKE, Central American Currency and Finance. 1925, Princeton UP. - Schuler.

YOUNG, JOHN PARKE, European Currency and Exchange Investigation, Commission of Godl and Silver Inquiry, United States Senate, Serial 9, vol. 1, Government Printing Office, Washington. - Prof. Dr. Peter Bernholz.

YOUNG, JOHN PARKE, European Currency and Finance. (editor) vol. I. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1925. - Edwin W. Kemmerer, Gold and the Gold Standard.

YOUNG, OWEN D., The movement for a sounder money. Handwörterbuch der Staatswirtschaft. - Max Franzke, Untergang der Welt-Goldwährung? 1931.

YOUNG, S. DAVID A, Black Monday and Reforming the Capital Markets. p.9. In: CRANE & BOAZ, An American Vision.

YOUNGMAN, A. P., The Federal Reserve System in Wartime. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1945. - Spero & Davids, Money & Banking. - In other words: At its worst. - J.Z., 4.4.10. - It is also one of the major factors that makes modern wars possible and likely, as long as territorialism persists. - J.Z., 17.7.10.

YOUNGMAN, ANNA, The economic Causes of Great Fortunes. N.Y., Bankers' Publishing Co., 1909. - Bogart, The Ec. Hist. of the U.S. - If there were genuinely economic causes for great fortunes, operating quite naturally and automatically, then they would effectively work for the poor as well and we would all be rich. At least all those able and willing to work intelligently and industriously, using sound ideas, knowledge, tools, machines, natural resources and capital. Alas, there are numerous man-made and wrongful obstacles to quite free production and exchange, that are not economic, rightful and rational but uneconomic, wrongful and irrational. When e.g. monopolism, coercion or fraud makes people rich - at the expense of impoverishing others -  then we should not call these causes “economic” ones. - Or is e.g. a successful bank-robbery, with a very large haul in cash, an “economic” transaction? - J.Z., 5.6.10.

YOUNGMAN, ANNA, The Efficacy of Changes in the Discount Rates of the Federal Reserve Banks. AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, September, 1921. - Norman Angell, The Story of Money, 1934. - Some fiddling around with this discount rate will hardly be sufficient to make up for serious inflationary, deflationary and stag-flationary “policies”. We should utilize the next serious economic crisis, caused by monetary despotism, to simply ignore this despotism and undertake our own monetary freedom actions, more or less informed, experimentally, at our own risk and expense. We could risk that especially when there are many unemployed and shortly before the next general election, provided we are sufficiently enlightened and have a proper business plan for this, that can be very rapidly put into operation and show very positive results very fast. We could hardly do worse then the central banks have done so far and would tend to learn fast, from our own experiences. Central bankers should confine their monopolistic, coercive and penalty actions to their own remaining followers. That would be enough to assure the rapid success of many monetary freedom projects. - J.Z., 13.4.10, 17.7.10.

YRIARTE, JOSE de, Catalogo de los Reales de a Ocho Espanoles. Madrid, 1956. - Schilke & Solomon, America’s Foreign Coins … with Legal Tender Status in the US 1793-1857.

YU CHING JAO, Banking and Currency in Hong Kong. London, Basingstoke, 1974. - Brown)

YUNUS, MUHAMMAD, Banker to the Poor: MicroLending and the Battle Against World Poverty. New York: Public Affairs, 1999. - www.reinventingmoney.com

 

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ZAHN, J. C. D., Zahlung und Zahlungssicherung im Aussenhandel. 2. Aufl., 1959. - Rittershausen, Wirtschaft, 1960 Auflage.

ZANDER, Dr. WALTER, - 1898-1993: At least some of his monetary writings, in English, are also on the Zander website, which his sons established as a memorial for him: www.walterzander.info - He wrote an article on the classical Chinese currency system of taels and of its advantages with modern, centralistic and coercive "currency reforms". Published in Shanghai? Ca. 1935? - Ulrich von Beckerath. Wanted by - J.Z. - (By now it may also be on the W. Zander website. - I have only the article on the same subject that appeared in Meulen’s THE INDIVIDUALST. - Perhaps this article in TI is the same article that was before published in a Chinese newspaper. See below. - I met up with him, personally, only twice in my life: Once when he visited Ulrich von Beckerath and once, when he was already very old and, largely, incapacitated in London. Although he wrote a paper on voluntary jurisdiction, it seems that with Ulrich von Beckerath he never got around to discuss panarchism. Thus, in his old age he still believed that U. v. Bth. did not care about communities, although U. v. Bth. did, indeed, care about them very much, namely, genuine communities, i.e. voluntary communities, instead of compulsory, monopolistic, collectivist, territorial and coercive ones. - As much can two great minds still misunderstand themselves over decades! - Naturally, their prior preoccupation with the discussion on the FOUR LAW DRAFTS, the Nazi regime, Zander’s flight to England, WWII, and the problems of the post-war years, did not promote their opinion exchanges on such subjects. - Even in Israel and while associated with the University of Jerusalem, and acting almost like an unofficial ambassador towards some world leaders, he had no opportunity to spread and apply his monetary views. The past atrocities also moved him into the philosophical and religious direction. - If only he would have had the chance and the will to advocate and to apply monetary freedom and panarchism ideas in Israel, post-WW II! Then history might have taken another course. But ideas and talents do need a special free market, which does not yet exist. Individual advocates remain, mostly, all too uninfluential, even when they are in significant positions, like he had - but confronted by lack of enlightenment of public opinion and numerous popular errors and prejudices. - Even now, the large number of monetary freedom writings listed here, has not yet changed public opinion sufficiently but only the minds of these writers and of some of their readers. - J.Z., 18.2.10.

ZANDER, Dr. WALTER, 1.) Eisenbahngeld und Arbeitslosigkeit, 2.) Weitere Bemerkungen zur Frage des Eisenbahn(Gutschein)-Geldes, 3.) Was können Gläubiger angesichts des rumänischen Transfermoratoriums fordern? In: „Zahlungsverkehr, Einkaufsscheine und Arbeitsbeschaffung“, ANNALEN DER GEMEINWIRTSCHAFT, 10. Jahrg., Heft a, Jan/Juli 1934, redigiert von Prof. Edgard Milhaud, PEACE PLANS 347/348.

ZANDER, WALTER, Dr., A Brief Letter to Henry Meulen. - A Brief Letter to Henry Meulen 10 July 1952 re free banking.

ZANDER, Dr. WALTER, A Suggestion for Liberating Foreign Frozen Credits by the Introduction of Clearing Certificates. 3pp, ANNALS, 1933/34, in PEACE PLANS 769. This article is included at the end of “Railway Money and Unemployment” at the Zander website. - In: MILHAUD, Prof. Edgard, Ending the Unemployment & Trade Crisis. London, Williams & Norgate, 1935.

ZANDER, Dr. WALTER, A Way Out of the Monetary Chaos. 20 pp, in Annals of Collective Economy, vol. 12, 1936, 1968 reprint, in PEACE PLANS 770. Also in: Organized Compensatory Trading, ed. by Edgard Milhaud, Williams & Norgate, 1938. (1937, according to Zander website. ) & in: PEACE PLANS 9. - Introduction by John Zube. Also in PEACE PLANS No. 9. - JZem)

ZANDER, Dr. WALTER, Betr. Steuergutscheine. paper of 19.9.1932. See PEACE PLANS 428ff.

ZANDER, Dr. WALTER, Der Kampf der Wertpapierbesitzer. Sparerbund, e. V., Berlin, 25. Jan. 1933, a 1pp pamphlet, JZL. 29x, in PEACE PLANS 428ff, S.576. - I have digitized both the German version and my English translation not so long ago. (The Battle of the Owners of Securities). A lecture delivered before the “Vereinigte Gross-Berliner Ortsgruppen des Sparerbundes”, January 25, 1933. 15 S., 198 Kbs in WORD, 53 Kbs. zipped - I offer it in the original German version and in my English translation, digitized, as email attachments, until both versions appear online or on a disc. - J.Z., 8.2.10., & in the English translation: 131 Kbs. in Word, 38 Kbs. zipped: "The Fight of the Owners of Securities", 21/1/1033. On the rights of creditors. - His sons provided a website with his collected works but, until now, only in English: www.walterzander.info/index.html - JZem

ZANDER, Dr. WALTER, Ein Ausweg aus dem Währungschaos. Sonderdruck aus DEUTSCHE SPARER - ZEITUNG, Berlin, Nr. 18-20, 1935, 24 S. - JZL. Vielleicht die beste kurze Darstellung einer Goldwert-Verrechnungswährung. PEACE PLANS 428ff. - Die wichtigsten seiner Geldschriften sind jetzt auch auf der Zander Webseite und auf www.reinventingmoney.com zu finden. - J.Z.

ZANDER, Dr. WALTER, Eisenbahngeld und Arbeitslosigkeit; mit: Weitere Bemerkungen zur Frage des Eisenbahn(Gutschein)-Geldes; Was können Gläubiger angesichts des rumänischen Transfermoratoriums fordern? in Zahlungsverkehr, Einkaufsscheine und Arbeitsbeschaffung, ANNALEN DER GEMEINWIRTSCHAFT, 10. Jahrg., Heft a, Jan/Juli 1934, red. von Edgard Milhaud, PEACE PLANS 347/348, 18 S. Also in PEACE PLANS 1455. Wahrscheinlich auch in PEACE PLANS 428ff. - "Eisenbahngeld und Arbeitslosigkeit," DEUTSCHES VOLKSRECHT, July 1-5, 1933. - Eisenbahngeld und Arbeitslosigkeit, and weitere Bemerkungen zur Frage des Eisenbahngeldes. 2 files, 59 Kbs. JZem

ZANDER, Dr. WALTER, Eisenbahngeld. Arbeitssitzung zum Text, 2 S, in PEACE PLANS 906.

ZANDER, Dr. WALTER, Four Law Drafts to Fight Deflation, Prevent Inflation and Lower the Interest Rate. These four drafts are reproduced, with the German text, in PEACE PLANS 40. - Zander was co-author and commentator and made the final statement of this draft for all of its authors. His sons provided the best kind of memorial for him, a website on his life, work and writings. - J.Z.

ZANDER, Dr. WALTER, Further Remarks concerning Railway Money. 5pp, 194, in PEACE PLANS 769. - This article is included in the Zander website’s “Railway Money and Unemployment, ANNALS OF COLLECTIVE ECONOMY, Vol. IX, No. 3, Dec. 33. Also in: MILHAUD, Prof. Edgard, Ending the Unemployment & Trade Crisis. London, Williams & Norgate, 1935.

ZANDER, Dr. WALTER, Kommunale Steuergutscheine zur Umschuldung. (Municipal Tax Remission Certificates as a means of Debt Conversion) - DEUTSCHE BERGWERKSZEITUNG, Düsseldorf, January 12, 1933. - JZL

ZANDER, Dr. WALTER, Monnaie Ferroviaire et chomage, et: Nouvelles Remarques Sur La Question De La Monnaie Ferroviaire (Bons de chemin de fer). In: Organisation des Echanges et Creation de Travail, par Edgard Milhaud, Recueil Sirey, Paris, 1934 pp.109-132., 29x, in PEACE PLANS 744.

ZANDER, Dr. WALTER, Pour Sortir Du Chaos Monétarie. ANNALS DE L'ECONOMIE COLLECTIVE, Geneve, in Edgard Milhaud: La Compensation Organisee, Une Idee en Marche, French edition by Recueil Sirey, Paris, 1935, in PEACE PLANS 350-354. - Also produced as a separate brochure, 23pp. - JZL.

ZANDER, Dr. WALTER, Problems of Monetary Reform in China. June 1942, in THE INDIVIDUALIST, on Zander website, under articles.

ZANDER, Dr. WALTER, Qu'est-ce que les creanciers peuvent exiger en présence du moratoire Roumain des transferts? La création de bons de compensation, in: Organisation des Echanges et Création de Travail. Recueil Sirey, Paris, 1934, pp.133-135. - PEACE PLANS. 133-135.

ZANDER, Dr. WALTER, Railway Money and Unemployment and Further Remarks Concerning Railway Money with Special Reference to the Position of the American Railways. In: Ending the Unemployment and Trade Crisis, ed. by E. Milhaud, Williams and Norgate, London, 1935. - With introduction b J.Z. in PEACE PLANS 9. - Railway Money and Unemployment, 14pp., 1934, in PEACE PLANS 769. - On the Zander website, from ANNALS OF COLLECTIVE ECONOMY, Vol. IX, No.3, Dec. 1933. - Railway Money and Unemployment.

ZANDER, Dr. WALTER, Scrip, Tax Remission Certificates, and Requirements Certificates in Germany. ANNALS, 1934, 16pp, in PEACE PLANS 769. In: MILHAUD, Prof. Edgard, Ending the Unemployment & Trade Crisis. London, Williams & Norgate, 1935. - On Zander website. There dated 1935. 35 Kbs. - www.walterzander.info/acrobat/Scrip,Tax.PDF

ZANDER, Dr. WALTER, Scrips, Bons Fiscaux et Bons de Marchandises en Allemagne. in: Organisation des Echanges et Creation de Travail, Recueil Sirey, Paris, 1934, pp.135-15I.

ZANDER, Dr. WALTER, Scrips, Steuergutscheine und Bedarfsdeckungsscheine in Deutschland. In PEACE PLANS 347/348.

ZANDER, DR. WALTER, The Fight of the Owners of Securities. 21.1.1933, 133 Kbs in Word, in my own rough translation. JZem. A better version may be on - www.reinventingmoney.com

ZANDER, Dr. WALTER, Vier Gesetzenwrfe zur Bekämpfung der Deflation, Verhinderung der Inflation und Senkung des Zinses, nebst Begründung. In Zusamenarbeit mit G. Ramin, H. Rittershausen, U.v.Beckerath, H. Meis, W. Unger, E. Munzer. - Begründung von W. Zander, Berlin 1932. - With English translation (Four Legislative Drafts for Combating Deflation, Preventing Inflation and Lowering the Interest Rate) Berlin, May 1932 (co-signed by Gustav Ramin, Heinrich Rittershausen, Ulrich von Beckerath, Hans Meis, Walter Unger, E. Munzer (he could then only be indicated by asterics) but written by W. Z.) in PEACE PLANS 40.

ZANDER, Dr. WALTER, Was können Gläubiger angesichts des rumänischen Transfermoratoriums fordern? - PEACE PLANS 347/348.

ZANETTI, G., Dell'Origine e della Antichità della Moneta Viniziana. Venezia, 1750. pp.56. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

ZANGRÓNIZ, D. JACOBO ZOBEL de, Estudio historico de la Moneda Antiqua Espanola desde su origin hasta el imperio Romano, por Zangrdniz. Madrid, 1879. 3 vols. - DEL MAR, M. E., Money and Civilization, 1885.

ZARLENGA, STEPHEN, See: AMERICAN MONETARY INSTITUTE.

ZAWADSKI, W., Changes in the Price Level and the Influence of Maladjustment of Supply and Demand. 1937. ECONOMICA n.s. (14) (May). - Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking.

ZEISL, Professor Dr. HANS, Marxismus und subjektive Theorie. - In: Mises & Spoiethoff, Probleme der Wertlehre.

ZEITEL, G., Zur Währungspolitik der Deutschen Bundesbank. In: JAHRBÜCHER FÜR NATIONALÖKONOMIE UND STATISTIK, Bd. 173, Heft 2/1961. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

ZEITSCHRIFT FUER SOZIALÖKONOMIE, Gauke Verlag GmbH, Abt. Fachverlag für Sozialökonomie, Postfach 1320, D-24319 Luetjenburg, Tel. (04381) 70 12, Fax (04381) 70 13. - From: Holger Lemme, Newsgroups: cl.wirtschaft.geld - Subject: Literatur-Liste, Date: 17 Apr 95 - Literatur zum Thema "Gerechtes Geld". (No my definition of it! - J.Z.)

ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR SOZIALÖKONOMIE, 55. Folge, 19. Jahrgang, Dezember 1982, 32 S. - Scheint mir hauptsächlich nur Gesell’s Ideen zu vertreten - JZL.

ZENKER, ERNST VICTOR, Anarchism, A Criticism and History of Anarchist Theory. New York, 1897. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

ZERBE, FARRAN, Some History of the Oregon Country. NUMISMATIST 19 (January-March, 1906). - Kagin, Private Gold Coins & Patterns.

ZHENG XUEYI, See: XUEYI

ZICKERT, Dr. HERMANN, WACHET AUF! Aktuelle Wirtschaftskorrespondenz. Newsletter, at least from the early thirties. He was active first in Berlin then in Switzerland, at least to the fifties and was in contact with Beckerath and Rittershausen, except for the war years. He discussed monetary freedom ideas in a few of his newsletters. I intended to microfilm at least these, to the extent that I have them already or can obtain them. - J.Z.). - Sorry, but I never got around to do that or to scan in at least those dealing explicitly with monetary and financial freedom. - J.Z., 5.6.10. - Compare also his “SPIEGEL DER WIRTSCHAFT”, 18. Jahrgang in 1948, to at least 1954. - JZL (Incomplete collection! Mainly photocopies.).

ZIEGLER, P., The Sixth Great Power: Baring's, 1762-1929. (1988) London: Collins. - Dowd

ZIERCKE, MANFRED, Die redistributiven Wirkungen von Inflationen. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 1970. - Flamant.

ZIMMERER, C., Bankkostenrechnung. 1956. - Rittershausen, Wirtschaft, 1960 Auflage.

ZIMMERMANN, FRIEDRICH (FERDINAND FRIED), Die Zukunft des Geldes. Mit einer Einführung von Alfred Pfaff: Gold (2 S.) und einem Nachwort (2 S.) von Leo Friedrich Hausleiter, SÜDDEUTSCHE MONATSHEFTE, 30. Jahrgang, Heft 11, August 1933, S 645-678 und einer kurzen Bibliographie. Photocopy only. - JZL.

ZIMMERMANN, GUIDO, Austrian Monetary Policy Views: A Short Critique. - Vol. 6 Num. 4 - Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics - Online at the Mises Institute.

ZIMMERMANN, GUIDO, Optimal Monetary Policy: A New Keynesian View. - Vol. 6 Num. 4 - Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics - Online at the Mises Institute. - As if the old Keynesian View was not already bad enough! - To each his own choice of “monetary policy”! - J.Z., 21.2.10.

ZIMMERMANN, V. K., Die Gegenwartsprobleme der amerikanischen Zahlungsbilanz. In: ÖSTERREICHISCHES BANKARCHIV, Juni 1961, Heft VI. - Rittershausen, Die Zentralnotenbank.

ZIMMERMANN, WERNER, Geld + Boden. Schicksalsfragen alle Völker. Humata Verlag Harold S. Blume, Bern, Freiburg i.Br., Salzburg, n.d. Erwähnt SAG & WIR auf S. 94. Anscheinend vom Verfasser an Kurt Zube geschickt, im May 66. - JZL.

ZIMMERMANN, WERNER, gott in dir, Worte Meister Eckeharts. Herausgegeben von Werner Zimmermann. Otto Lautenbach Verlag, Buckow, im Märkischen Höhenland, 1942, 31 S. - Enthält vom meinem Standpunkt aus nichts das mich interessiert - sondern nur religiöse Schwafelei. - J.Z., Ist aber typisch für den Kopf von Werner Zimmermann. - J.Z., 10.4.10. - JZL.

ZIMMERMANN, WERNER, Lichtwaerts. Rudolf Zitzmann Verlag, 1930, 220 S., in PEACE PLANS 1399. - „Lichtwärts, Sozialismus in Freiheit, Geld und Boden. - Hückel, 1982. - Zimmermann and my father were involved in establishing WIR but split up over it. In the main he was a Gesellian, just like his publisher. - J.Z. - JZL.

ZIPF, A. R., The Computer's Role in the 'Dividends or Disaster' Equation. In: Computers in Management (Leatherbee lectures, 1967); Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1967. - Robert Henrickson, The Cashless Society, 1972.

ZOCCOLI, ETTORE G., Gruppi Anarchici degli Stati Uniti e L'Opera di Max Stirner. Modena, 1901. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

ZOCCOLI, ETTORE G., L'Anarchia. Turin, 1907. - James J. Martin, Men Against the State.

ZOLLER, V., Der gekreuzte und der Verrechnungscheck. Diss., Zürich 1928. - Lautner, Der „WIR“ Verrechnungsverkehr, 1964.

ZUBE, DAVID, JOHN, KURT, & THOMAS, Slogans and Thoughts for Liberty. PEACE PLANS 29 - My own collection of such slogans, ca. 37 MB’s, is now online at: http://www.dataprospecting.com/cgi-bin/ls.cgi?dir=zube - But it is still only a work in process and needs much more input from others. - J.Z., 5.6.10. - What I consider to be jokes are extracted from it and compiled in a separate file, there, too, waiting to be supplemented by others, from their collections of libertarian jokes. - J.Z., 17.7.10.

ZUBE, E. M., (later S. Shaw), Neue Zusammenstellung der bisher bekannt gewordenen Menschenrechte bzw. der natürlichen Rechte der bernünftigen Wesen. 40 Punkte. Auf der Grundlage von Briefen und Notizen von Ulrich von Beckerath. Später so oft von mir verändert, dass ich den Entwurf zu meinem "eigenen" gemacht habe. Die wichtigsten Beiträge, über ökonomische Rechte, sind jedoch von Ulrich von Beckeraths. Letzte Version in PEACE PLANS 4, 61-63, 399-401, 589/590. Mehrere kurze Entwürfe sind in der allgemeinen Literaturliste von LMP zu finden. - J.Z.)

ZUBE, JOHN, A letter to the Duke of AVRAM, 30 May 87, 1 p, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 740.

ZUBE, JOHN, a letter, 1987, 4pp, on announcement of Australian Public Hearing on Insolvency Laws, 1987, in PEACE PLANS 791. Digitized: JZem

ZUBE, JOHN, a note on monetary tolerance, 1p, in PEACE PLANS 913.

ZUBE, JOHN, A Preliminary Attempt to Jot down all the Terms, Principles, Facts, Names and References that Should Be Included in a Handbook on Monetary Freedom. 35pp, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 740.

ZUBE, JOHN, A Short Summary of the Peace Program of the Editor of this Pamphlet Series. Plan 188, in PEACE PLANS No. 8, 3 pages only. For those not having the patience to wade through my two peace books. - Some other short versions are also contained in PEACE PLANS 16-17. - J.Z. JZem

ZUBE, JOHN, Alphabetized Notes on Monetary Freedom, first attempt and merely an 8pp print-out. A long way to go before this turns into a handbook of hundreds or even thousands of pages - with your help. - In PEACE PLANS 815.

ZUBE, JOHN, An ABC Against Nuclear War, A handbook of ideas on the prevention of nuclear war, proposing: Dissolution of the Warfare State through extension of individual liberties and responsibilities versus the ultimate of Statism - Nuclear Holocaust. 1975, Libertarian Microfiche Publishing, PEACE PLANS 16-18, then again on only 2 microfiche, in PEACE PLANS 16-17, 259 pages in the first printed edition. - Unrestricted individual rights and liberties, including e.g.: Monetary freedom, free migration, free trade, volunteer militias, right to resist, right and duty to desert from a dictatorship, tyrannicide, military insurrections, rightful governments in exile, decision on war and peace by the people, also on: unilateral nuclear disarmament, unilateral peace declarations, separate peace treaties, Destruction of all nuclear reactors and declarations of rightful war and peace aims are here described as some of the guaranties against nuclear war. In the third edition, digitized, with further comments by J.Z.: on www.butterbach.net/epinfo/abc.htm It makes about 500 points, mostly alphabetized, to turn us away from that danger. But, who cares? It is a record non-seller in a world threatened by nuclear mass murder devices! It goes far beyond the "thinking" of most peace lovers and is correspondingly unpopular. I still do not know of another better and strictly libertarian and panarchistic peace program than this peace book and its predecessor. Do you? - J.Z., 10.7.04. - Yes, there is a monetary freedom connection! - J.Z.

ZUBE, JOHN, Berrima Token Money Project. 1995-1910. 23 pp, 277 Kbs in WORD, 52 pp zipped. Just some brainstorming notes, mostly alphabetized. Berrima is still only a small village and does not have enough of a shopping centre for a shop-foundation local currency.The shops of the nearby 3 small towns would have to be included for this. But one could appeal to collectors and, in suitable form, possibly on disk, add a lot of information on monetary freedom. Maybe I’ll still get around to it. - J.Z, 15.7.10. JZem. - Gift vouchers in money denominations are still common in Australia. Possibly also “shop currencies”, formerly wide-spread  in consumer credits. It is a long time since I asked one of the former issuers of them. Credit card credits may have taken over in that sphere, too. I used mine so rarely that, finally, I discontinued it. - J.Z., 17.7.10.

ZUBE, JOHN, Bibliography, Preliminary, on Free Banking and Monetary Freedom. 1986, 56pp, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 647.

ZUBE, JOHN, Brainstorming on Unemployment, 1986, 3pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 630.

ZUBE, JOHN, Capitalist vs. State Socialist Prisons, private, self-supporting, profit-making, self-managing gaols which protect the public, prevent crimes, indemnify victims and rehabilitate and punish convicted criminals - by subjecting them to the discipline of a free market and holding them responsible, individually and collectively, for all crime damage done. - This article incorporates Herbert Spencer's prison reform ideas. 34 pages, in PEACE PLANS 13, plan 227. JZem

ZUBE, JOHN, CD Project: Christian Butterbach, cb@butterbach.net, 7.5.09: “I have uploaded the whole contents of the CD "Slogans for Liberty" ( Shorter version, ca. 100 Mbs.) John sent off to me on April 27, 2009, and which includes much additional material, to the Web, so that you can view or download all the files or only some, without the need to have or use the CD sent by snail or air mail. Point your browser to http://www.butterbach.net/lmp/cd/ - http://www.butterbach.net/lmp/cd2/ “ - Offers a still larger collection, alas, still without contents list and not systematically ordered, crying out for corrections, improvements and supplements, So many could offer much more and in much better form, much more attractively “packaged” and displayed. I am looking forward to their offers. - J.Z., 26.5.09. - I have still not got around to try to produce an attractive CD or DVD of my libertarian file collection, including free banking and monetary freedom files and at 77 may never get around to it. But these primitive first efforts may inspire some others to do much better and offer specialized libertarian CDs, DVDs and, finally, a comprehensive digitized library on a single but large external HD. - A German program exists that can turn the directory e.g. of a CD into a file that one can work on and thus turn into a proper contents list, not confined to the details of a directory. - I have used it a few times successfully, but not yet for a comprehensive disc on free banking and panarchism. - One person can only do so much. - But almost all my files would be available for such efforts by others. - J.Z., 23.6.10.

ZUBE, JOHN, Circulation Charts. 145 Kbs. 32 Kbs. zipped. They do sketch circulation sequences for private and cooperative bank notes, clearing certificates, goods and service vouchers without legal tender and subject to a free market rate in general circulation and also subject to the right to refuse their acceptance - by all but the issuers and their debtors (by contract) and to the obligation of their issuers to accept them back at any time at par with their nominal value. The latter obligation is the "reflux" of sound money, which is the necessary equivalent to the right to issue and to accept private issues. An extract from PEACE PLANS 41. JZem

ZUBE, JOHN, Comments to Hoppe on Defence. 41 pages, 179 Kbs., in Word. Insurance companies are not the only, most likely or most suitable alternatives to statist defence organizations. File: Hoppe on Defence, J. Z. comments. JZem

ZUBE, JOHN, Comments to JOHN LEARD's article: Superannuation or a Financial Power Play? The Unions Are Taking Over Australia. 8pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 599.

ZUBE, JOHN, comments to the summary of the teachings of the German School on Money, by Ulrich von Beckerath, in PEACE PLANS 41.

ZUBE, JOHN, Contributions, 41 of them, towards Monetary and Financial Freedom, by Hargis, Wise, Kinney, Greco, Seneuil, Scheu, Martin et al, 120--, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 738. - See also under PEACE PLANS. I have, probably, still not listed all free banking titles in my microfiched LMP PEACE PLANS series and all of the digital files I downloaded or got sent by email. It’s all too much for one person. - J.Z., 17.7.10.

ZUBE, JOHN, DAVID, KURT & THOMAS ZUBE: Slogans and Thoughts for Liberty, 24x, in PEACE PLANS 29. - Compare also the digitized and much larger SLOGANS FOR LIBERTY collection which is online and contains many entries on monetary and financial freedom. - J.Z., 17.7.10.

ZUBE, JOHN, Development of India, notes and clippings on the monetary freedom aspect of development. PEACE PLANS 425. Compare also the short summary of the discussion on this subject that I had, long ago, with Dr. H. G. Pearce, which he summarized on a few pages: 2pp, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 740. - J.Z., 8.2.10.

ZUBE, JOHN, Draft of a New Declaration of Human Rights and Natural Rights of Rational Beings, including monetary freedom rights, in sections 18-23 & 25-34, of plan 110. Based on many letters & drafts by Ulrich von Beckerath. first compiled by E. M. L./Z, later S. SHAW. Revised by J.Z. In PEACE PLANS 4, 129 Kbs., RTF. This and over 130 other private drafts of human rights were micro-fiched in PEACE PLANS 589/590 and recently digitized: JZem. Also reproduced in the appendix of PEACE PLANS 61-63 and in German in PEACE PLANS 399-401. The anthology is, probably, on one or both of the discs that Christina Butterbach reproduced on www.butterbach.net. See under HUMAN RIGHTS DRAFTS.

ZUBE, JOHN, Editorial Notes to Henry Meulen, THE INDIVIDUALIST, 1st fiche issue, 6pp, in PEACE PLANS 561.

ZUBE, JOHN, Einige Notizen zu Prof. H. Rittershausen's Work: Die Reform der Mündelsicherheitsbestimmungen ..., 6pp, in PEACE PLANS 532.

ZUBE, JOHN, For Monetary Freedom. Articles, letters, notes, 64 contributions, var. authors, some separately listed, 317pp, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 645. - How many thousand such contributions would fit onto a single CD or DVD, especially when zipped, not to speak of a 1 or 2 TB external HD, which are now below $ 100 and $ 200? - I find it shameful for the libertarian movement that it has not yet made sufficient use of such opportunities but simply relies on the Internet, as a supposedly omnipotent and benevolent God. - Well, this “God” spreads the needed information all too often over tens of thousands to millions of files, most oft them irrelevant or trivial. Information, to be really helpful, must be selected and very discriminating and easily accessible in each desired specialty, not dispersed over so many sites that no one, on his own, can download and explore them all. Search engines are still not a good enough substitute for intelligent human discrimination and selectiveness, although they are often already very helpful - and sometimes “too helpful”. How much of such “help” can anybody really cope with? - J.Z. 17.7.10.

ZUBE, JOHN, Four Monetary Freedom Rights. 24x, in PEACE PLANS 4, 29x, in 586/587, 48x, in 589/590.

ZUBE, JOHN, Free Banking Bibliography, 1990-2001, file FB Biblio 290 5 1 01. 583 Kbs, zipped 189 Kbs. More input is needed from other monetary freedom researchers, including abstracts and reviews and, finally, scanned copies of the whole texts, towards a first and comprehensive monetary freedom library. - J.Z., 14.7.04. JZem

ZUBE, JOHN, Free Banking Notes, Explanations, Terms & Definitions, book length compilation, but still very incomplete, towards a genuine alphabetized handbook on Free Banking: www.butterbach.net/freebank.htm - 923 Kbs zipped. - To expand this A to Z compilation is among my self-set next tasks. Any help in this is very welcome. It goes in parallel with Klaus Falke’s compilation of an electronic data bank on the subject, which also needs inputs not only from dozens but thousands of able and willing people. Alas, not even their snail mail, email and web addresses have so far been compiled. Too much to do for individuals - task that can be fast finished only by sufficient division of labor and information exchanges. - J.Z., 17.7.10.

ZUBE, JOHN, Free Banking vs Monetary Despotism or: Let Good Money Drive Out the Bad. Sixties, rev. 1985, 2003, 66 pp, in 4 files, previously in PEACE PLANS 545. JZem

ZUBE, JOHN, Free Banking, German A to Z compilation. 369 Kbs, plain text, JZem.

ZUBE, JOHN, Free Banking: Bibliography and Addresses. 48x, in PEACE PLANS 647.

ZUBE, JOHN, How to End all Taxes and all National Socialistic Enterprises, Peacefully, Profitably, within a Year,. 1972, 1p, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 724.

ZUBE, JOHN, How to Replace Unemployment & Underemployment by Full Employment and Over-Employment - to the Extent that this is Wanted by the Unemployed. 1974, 10 pages, with later corrections, in PEACE PLANS 545, 8pages.rtf .

ZUBE, JOHN, Laissez Faire Capitalism and Free Immigration. PEACE PLANS 14.

ZUBE, JOHN, Let Freedom Pay Its Way. A Study Paper on the Financing of a Libertarian Party to Victory, 2nd. ed., in PEACE PLANS 19C. - This is also a comprehensive denationalization or reprivatization plan, that distributes titles to national assets already in form of contract promises before the decisive last general election. It appeals to socialists as well as to libertarians with the strongest possible pocketbook appeal. Suitable also for raising some capital to promote revolutions against dictatorships in other coutries. - J.Z. - 1976, in its latest digitized and enlarged edition; 1,135 Mbs. in RTF, zipped down to 312 Kbs. - A radical plan to finance a libertarian movement to victory, i.e., self-determination for libertarians, under exterritorialy autonomy for their voluntary communities, by anticipating the future privatization of all government assets, with individual and transferable capital securities, given rather than sold to the real private owners, i.e. by expropriating the bureaucrats and politicians, thereby gaining an easy victory in the next elections, but permitting the remaining statists to reconstitute themselves and their shares in these asset in whatever forms they like, except that of territorial monopoly and domination. As a broker of this enormous capital return the LP would get its commission, could anticipate it with its own bond issue and thereby finance itself towards its victory at the polls - but only as a trustee, to liquidate all governmental assets and return them to their true owners. It should declare: We aim at libertarianism only for libertarians and are quite tolerant towards statism practised only among statists. - We should take into consideration what Fromm called “The Fear of Freedom”. - Otherwise, so to speak, we tend to run with our heads against a rather solid wall. - That it is already, somewhat, crumbling, is indicated by the over 3 million hints towards “voluntary taxation” that Google offered in July this year. A few years back it was just 30 hints! How many will there be in 1, 5 and ten years? Perhaps almost none, for by then it might already be realized! - J.Z., 17.7.10. - JZem. - Supplement to the new edition, so far only available by e-mail from me in RTF, with parts of PEACE PLANS 1-20, in manageable portions. Pages 95-131, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.493.

ZUBE, JOHN, Let's Get Trucking. Descriptions, condemnations & Defences of the Truck System and what could have developed out of it. With letters by Ulrich von Beckerath. in German. Dealing especially with the "fichas" - canteen goods warrants or shop currencies of shops of South American mines, with some comments by John Zube, 93pp, 1896, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 641. - See especially Timberlake’s writings on this.

ZUBE, JOHN, Letter exchange on monetary freedom. Unedited, 1984/85, 16pp, in PEACE PLANS 544.

ZUBE, JOHN, Letter exchange with David Zube, on monetary freedom. Unedited, 1984/85, 16pp, in PEACE PLANS 544.

ZUBE, JOHN, Letter of 24. Nov. 1987, to Mr. Barry Hunt, Australian Law Reform Commission, Public Hearing on Insolvency Laws, 4 pages, already microfiched, somewhere, in the PEACE PLANS series. - My listing of such entries in my literature list does leave much to be desired. - JZL.

ZUBE, JOHN, Letter, on financing the Sydney Harbour Tunnel via tokens, 1987, 1p, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 732.

ZUBE, JOHN, Libertarian Microfiche Publishing, 35 Oxley St. Berrima, NSW, 2577 AUSTRALIA, (jzube@acenet.com.au , still in 2010.) “This is a unique and phenomenal source of material on free money, free banking, alternative exchange, and decentralism. Zube has converted to microfiche form more than 500,000 pages of material, much of which is primary resource material (letters, unpublished papers) which are hard to find or not available elsewhere.” - Bill Ellis, in TRANET. - http://www.nonviolence.org/tranet/ - However, I stopped expanding this collection with issue No. 1779, back in 2002. - J.Z., 8.2.10. - Alas, OCR scanning-in and proof-reading texts is so much more laborious! At least with the scanners and programs that ordinary people can affordable. - But much can be achieved by a large enough network of libertarian scanners, who keep and publish a record of what is already done and what is in the process of being done. Compare also my listing of already scanned titles on www.panarchy.org - which needs still much more such input. - J.Z., 17.7.10.

ZUBE, JOHN, LIBERTARIAN MICROFICHE PUBLISHING, PEACE PLANS, ON PANARCHY, RESEARCH CENTRE FOR MONETARY & FINANCIAL FREEDOM, SLOGANS FOR LIBERTY ETC.: main list only and a long supplementary list, on www.butterbach.net/lmp Also on my first CD.

ZUBE, JOHN, LMP Money pamphlet. A 24pp introduction to micrographics, offering a primitive goods warrant, or rather gift voucher, 1986, 36x, in PEACE PLANS 736. - It certainly did not have enough shop foundation, i.e. attractiveness to ordinary consumers, not even to anarchists and libertarians. - J.Z., 17.7.10.

ZUBE, JOHN, MAMA: Mutual Aid for Mothers Association. 3 pp draft of Dec. 71. 1998. 5pp on financial freedom for single mothers in financial trouble. Proposal for a kind of credit union & other cooperative options for mothers to help them and to help themselves, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.584. - Individually they are still and often in desperate situations, apart from welfare State handouts. However, between them, they could do very much for each other, not only baby-sitting, renting or buying houses together, but, e.g., find the run-away fathers and hold them financially responsible. Now they could put the faces and other personal details of these offenders against personal responsibilities on the Internet, e.g. on Face Book, without having to wait for the police or the welfare system to put up their search posters. - Self-help could help much more in this sphere, too, than government help. - Perhaps they could come to collaborate, via judge’s warrants, with the face recognition records of security companies. - The general taxpayers should not have to pay for the family obligations of these offenders. - Each should only have to pay his own debts. - J.Z., 17.7.10.

ZUBE, JOHN, Monetary Despotism as Cause of Inflation and Monetary Freedom as its Cure. PEACE PLANS 385.

ZUBE, JOHN, Monetary Freedom Contributions. (ed.) var. authors, 17 contributions. 126pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 732.

ZUBE, JOHN, Monetary Freedom Letters, Articles, Drafts and Slogans. By Kinney, Beckerath, Zube, Swann, Turnbull, Hopman et al. PEACE PLANS 586/587.

ZUBE, JOHN, MONETARY FREEDOM NOTES, alphabetized, first print-out of initial compilation towards a handbook on monetary freedom, 9 pp only, so far, in PEACE PLANS 815. (The German version has reached a more respectable 94 pp so far. I have still computer troubles for long compilations and their sorting. This is an open invitation to all who have something to contribute to this subject. - J.Z.) The longest English version, so far, is on www.butterbach.net/freebank.htm - J.Z., 21.5.10.

ZUBE, JOHN, Monetary Freedom to Stop Inflaton without Causing Unemployment. 24x, 16pp, in PEACE PLANS 19B.

ZUBE, JOHN, Monetary Reform and Monetary Freedom. 17 contributions, 1987, 117pp, 29x in PEACE PLANS 735.

ZUBE, JOHN, NEWSLETTER ON MONETARY FREEDOM. 5 issues only, 481 Kbs RTF. My attempt to sell a merely photocopied newsletter together with a credit towards some of my monetary freedom microfiche, leaving the choice to the subscribers. This scheme did not work, either. But it lists and discusses some of the relevant literature. - J.Z. JZem

ZUBE, JOHN, Note on THE JOURNAL OF CHRISTIAN RECONSTRUCTION, 1987. 1p, PEACE PLANS 913.

ZUBE, JOHN, Notes on Devaluations and on Monetary Revolutions. 24x, in PEACE PLANS 8 & 29x, in 586/587.

ZUBE, JOHN, Notes on Mises: "On the Manipulation of Money and Credit", version of 3.1.04: 4 pages only. On my first CD, Folder D FB condensed, subfolder Mises Text, file: Mises Notes on Money. The full text of this work by Mises is online through the Mises Institute. Sooner or later all critical reviews and notes on important books will also be offered together with the books or supplementary to them. - J.Z., 12.7.04. JZem

ZUBE, JOHN, Notes on the MONETARY FREEDOM NEWSLETTER & MICROFICHE project, before it was begun, pages 67, 139, 141, 144, in PEACE PLANS 913.

ZUBE, JOHN, Notes to Kevin Dowd's paper: Adam Smith and the "Real Bills" Doctrine. 10pp, 1989, in PEACE PLANS 827.

ZUBE, JOHN, Notes to Peel's speeches on banking. PEACE PLANS 565, with his speeches.

ZUBE, JOHN, Notes, 5pp, to STOLPER, GUSTAV, This Age of Fable. 29x, in PEACE PLANS 911.

ZUBE, JOHN, On Monetary Freedom. A Nov. 1987 Compilation, 64 contributions or examples, 29x, 126pp, PEACE PLANS 731.

ZUBE, JOHN, On Shop Currencies. in PEACE PLANS 586/587.

ZUBE, JOHN, On the Current Stock Market Crash. Some Notes. Nov. 87, 10pp, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 740.

ZUBE, JOHN, On the Road to Monetary Freedom. 1986, 15pp, mainly of addresses of monetary freedom advocates, a list that is all too dated by now. 16pp, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 647. - Who will provide an updated one? - J.Z., 15.5.02 - In PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.749.

ZUBE, JOHN, Over 130 Private Human Rights Drafts, 497pp, 1986, in PEACE PLANS 589/590, at least in the later, supplemented and digitized edition. (Various authors. It includes several drafts of monetary rights. - J.Z.)

ZUBE, JOHN, Redemptionism, obligatory, in rare metals, or otherwise? Notes on the subject, 11 pp, C drive, file: Redemptionism, 11 pp, 84 Kbs., 7. & 11.4.04. JZem

ZUBE, JOHN, Related Proposals: Hints to 35 other and related Propositions, 2pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.503.

ZUBE, JOHN, Review of: SENNHOLZ, HANS, Money and Freedom. 27 pp, 170 Kbs., in my first CD, folder D FB condensed, folder Sennholz Text. JZem

ZUBE, JOHN, Some Circulation Charts for Private Enterprise Money. PEACE PLANS 41, pages 67 to 77. Especially Shop Foundation Money, showing its channels of circulation and different starting points. 210 Kbs. RTF. Scanned & slightly edited: 1.1.03. JZem

ZUBE, JOHN, Some Comments to John Gray: Lectures on the Nature & Use of Money, 1848. & 1972. 1986, 16pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 642.

ZUBE, JOHN, Some Notes on "Mises Made Easier". Nov. 92, 4pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.538.

ZUBE, JOHN, Some Notes on Financing the Defence of a Free Society without Coercive Taxation or Inflation. Slightly revised version of a paper prepared for an AIR discussion on 22.8.1971, 17 pages, in PEACE PLANS 41, page 78, 72 Kbs RTF. JZem

ZUBE, JOHN, Some Notes on Lawrence H. White and the Real Bills Doctrine. 12pp, in PEACE PLANS 827.

ZUBE, JOHN, Some notes on POOR, HENRY V., Money & its Laws, 1877, 663 pages. contents list of 32 pages, reproduced in PEACE PLANS PP 540 & 541, 10 pages of notes, 58 Kbs. RTF. Poor went far in the direction of monetary freedom but not consistently so. - J.Z. - JZem

ZUBE, JOHN, Some Notes on the "Real Bills Doctrine", written in its defence, against the charge by Kevin Dowd, Hayek and Thornton, that it would be entirely fallacious. Feb./March 89, 23pp, in PEACE PLANS 827.

ZUBE, JOHN, Some Notes on the Possibility of a Tax Strike as a Defensive or a Revolutionary Step against an Occupation Force or a Dictatorial or Military Regime. 10 pages, in PEACE PLANS 13, plan 228, JZem

ZUBE, JOHN, Some Notes on two Types of Gold Standard which Are Possible and Honest: The 100% Gold Covered Currency and the Gold Clearing or Gold-for-Account Standard. 24x, in PEACE PLANS 11.

ZUBE, JOHN, Some Notes to Hans F. Sennholz: “Money and Freedom”. 19pp, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 740.

ZUBE, JOHN, Some Notes to Mises: "On the Manipulation of Money and Credit", 1993 & 1998, 2pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.537.

ZUBE, JOHN, Some Notes to P. Webster: Political Essays … on money …, 1791 (PEACE PLANS 994&995), 1991. 6 pages of 1991, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.530.

ZUBE, JOHN, Some notes, 2pp, to an extract from James Taylor, A View of the Money System of England. (1828) 194pp, in PEACE PLANS 827.

ZUBE, JOHN, Some Observations Regarding Monetary Freedom Versus Monetary Despotism. 13 pages, 60's: Fbfloppy 1 combined files, pages 172 ff: JZMONEYtalkToAnlate60ties. JZem. See also PEACE PLANS 545.

ZUBE, JOHN, Some preliminary Notes to Murray N. Rothbard's article "The Spooner-Tucker Doctrine", 20 pp., in PEACE PLANS 564. ("Only" 20 years after Murray Rothbard's article. Apparently, I presumed that we will live forever. - J.Z.) - Many years later I have still not written my final notes on this! - J.Z., 21.5.10. At least I have recently digitized this old reply of mine, together with Rothbard’s original criticism. - J.Z., 3.7.10.

ZUBE, JOHN, Some Remarks on the Real Bills Doctrine, as treated by Charles W. Munn. 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 827.

ZUBE, JOHN, Some Remarks to Criticism by Hart & Kenen of the REAL BILLS DOCTRINE. 2pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 865.

ZUBE, JOHN, Some Remarks to Kevin Dowd's Paper: Monetary Freedom and Monetary Stability, Feb. 89. 30pp, intended for CATO Conference, March 89, 18pp, in PEACE PLANS 827.

ZUBE, JOHN, Some Speculations on: Why was the rightfulnes and usefulness of monetary freedom not recognized before? 1985, 2pp, in PEACE PLANS 798.

ZUBE, JOHN, Some Theses on the Real Bills Doctrine. March 89, 14pp, in PEACE PLANS 827.

ZUBE, JOHN, Some Thoughts on how to Make Sales for Australian Primary Producers Relatively Easy and Assured, at Competitive Prices, by a Method that would Free and Utilize rather than Restrict Market Forces. 5 pp, 1986, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 605, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 645. Also: 29x in PEACE PLANS 605.

ZUBE, JOHN, Standard of Value. a 1p compilation of sayings on the standard of value, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 645.

ZUBE, JOHN, STEELE, GEORGE, R., Correspondence, May 1982 - July 1986, on monetary freedom, nuclear war prevention, panarchism, computers, micrographics, individual liberty, revisionism, 158pp, 42x, in PEACE PLANS 644. - Is he still alive and active? - J.Z., 17.7.10.

ZUBE, JOHN, Stop the $ X00 Million Legal Tender Crime Printed as PEACE PLANS 19 A, 48 pages. It was in an appendix on my main website. - 136 Kbs RTF, 33 pages in this edition. (My main website was discontinued. But it should be still on the web archive.) See also: www.butterbach.net/lmp Many different forms of legal tender are distinguished there and many of its wrongful and harmful aspects are pointed out. - Alas, it disappeared with my own website, when it somehow exceeded 5 Mbs. and was not restored when I lost my entitlement to 5 MBs of website entries when I finally and relatively recently converted to broadband. But I believe it is with many of my other files on the CD the Christian Butterbach reproduced on his website. - J.Z., 5.6.10. - Jzem.

ZUBE, JOHN, Summary of the Peace Programme in PEACE PLANS 61-63. Containing a mini-draft of 12 human rights, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 589/590. - JZem.

ZUBE, JOHN, Supplementary Notes 1-23 to the finance and general reprivatization plan. PEACE PLANS 19 C, 4pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.496.

ZUBE, JOHN, Tax Strike, as a defensive or revolutionary step against an occupation force or a dictatorial or military regime. 10pp, 24x, in PEACE PLANS 13.

ZUBE, JOHN, The Aggressive Act of Currency Devaluation and how to Counter it. With some suggestions for a monetary revolution, in pp.19-37 18 pages in PEACE PLANS No. 8. JZem

ZUBE, JOHN, The Case for Economic and Political Tolerance. With Ulrich von Beckerath. PEACE PLANS 42-44, & 415, pp 103-117. (The latter is a more legible transcript.)

ZUBE, JOHN, The Injustice and Defects of the Present Monetary System, one of Monetary Despotism instead of Monetary Freedom. PEACE PLANS 423.

ZUBE, JOHN, The Need for & Financing of: AN IDEAL MARKET FOR FREEDOM IDEAS & for other ideals as well. Conceived and written with the aid of my youngest son, David R. Zube, published in 1977 as PEACE PLANS No. 20, 164 pages. It is my equivalent to my father's 2 books on the Ideas Archiv & Talent & Genius Centre. A few printed copies of PP 20 are still on hand. Later digitized, now available via e-mail from me: 518 Kbs in RTF, which I would also zip down. - In its main part PP 20 lists over 1000 libertarian projects and invites more such projects and international collaboration and division of labour on all of them. When not enough libertarians responded, I took up libertarian microfiching, for with microfilm an individual can do much on his own. As a result my annual page output increased 189 times, compared with the average of the previous 13 years of issuing PEACE PLANS duplicated and later offset-printed by myself. By now, due to the supposedly higher technology of computers and the chores of scanning and proof-reading my output is very much down again and I may not reach the target of 2000 PEACE PLANS issues on microfiche. Still 221 to go! JZem - Not online, as far as I know, except as part of a CD of mine that Christian Butterbach reproduced on his www.butterbach.net. - A common libertarian projects and address list, indicating special libertarian interests, are still urgently needed - or so I believe. - J.Z., 17.7.10.

ZUBE, JOHN, The Real Bills Doctrine, in Friedman/Jacobson: A Monetary History..., 2pp, in PEACE PLANS 827.

ZUBE, JOHN, The Soft Option, Monetary Freedom to Stop Inflation Without Causing Unemployment. 1976, in PEACE PLANS 19 b, 60 Kbs in htm. It was on my main website, until this was closed down. It may be now only on the Web Archive. It is, probably, also on the CD that CB reproduced on his : www.butterbach.net/lmp - JZem. - I also possess a German translation of it, apparently arranged for by my father. It does not indicate who did the translation. I found it useless for my purposes and did not wish to spend time to try to translate it better. However, if someone wants to go to that trouble, then I could provide a scan of it and also the scanned-in text of the original English version. In my opinion this translator did not even translate the title properly. - J.Z., 3.3.10.

ZUBE, JOHN, THE SPOONER-TUCKER DOCTRINE, Comments on ROTHBARD, MURRAY N., The Spooner-Tucker Doctirne: An Economist’s View. - Vol. 20 Num. 1 - Journal of Libertarian Studies - Together with some other old replies by contributors to A WAY OUT, only recently digitized by me. - 361 KBs in RTF, 111KBs zipped. JZem. Previously only microfiched by me in PEACE PLANS 564. - J.Z., 7.7.10. - Here R. wrote as a dogmatist rather than as a scientific economist! - Nevertheless, I am, generally, a fan of his, in spite of such aberrations. - In: PEACE PLANS 564 I “published”, as far as one can on microfiche, also all too belatedly, my refutation of Rothbard’s article. - J.Z. - See: ROTHBARD, MURRAY N., The Spooner-Tucker Doctrine, from the Point o View of an Economist", comment in Jan./Feb. 1966 issue of "A WAY OUT". - Precisely in his views on money he was not much of an economist, apart from condemning central banking. As the supposedly one and only sound and honest alternative he advocated only the 100% covered and redeemable gold dollar and considered any deviation from this to be dishonest, uneconomic and dangerous. - How can such a great mind get stuck on such a spleen for decades? Well, in this he certainly did not and does not stand alone. - J.Z., 9.2.10.

ZUBE, JOHN, to BECKER, JILLIAN, Mrs., 24 April 79, 1p, in PEACE PLANS 803.

ZUBE, JOHN, to Brakeman, Robert, letter of 22 Nov. 87, 1p, in PEACE PLANS 793.

ZUBE, JOHN, to BROOKS, PATRICK, 12.1.73, 7pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.507.

ZUBE, JOHN, to BUDD, CHRISTOPHER, letter of 14 Jan. 88, on New Economy Public., 1p, in PEACE PLANS 793.

ZUBE, JOHN, to De-Anne Park, 14.2.78, 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.500.

ZUBE, JOHN, to DONAGHEY, FRANCIS, 24 May 85, on grain as value standard etc., 4pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 741.

ZUBE, JOHN, to DOWD, KEVIN, 19 Aug. 88, with further notes on D.'s "The State and the Monetary System", 12pp, in PEACE PLANS 791.

ZUBE, JOHN, to DOWD, KEVIN, 19 Aug. 88: Notes to his article: Automatic Stabilizing Mechanisms under Free Banking, in PEACE PLANS 791.

ZUBE, JOHN, to DOWD, KEVIN, 4 May 88, 4pp, in PEACE PLANS 791, 16 Nov. 88, 10pp, in PEACE PLANS 810, 20 Dec. 88, 9pp, in PEACE PLANS 815, 2 Jan. 89, 3pp, mainly discussing his paper on Meulen, in PEACE PLANS 818, 3 Feb. 89, 5pp & 23 Feb. 89, 2pp, in PEACE PLANS 827, 30 March 89, 2pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 867.

ZUBE, JOHN, to DOWD, KEVIN, 6 July 88, with first notes on Dowd's new book: The State and the Monetary System, in an early pre-publishing version, 4pp, in PEACE PLANS 791.

ZUBE, JOHN, to DOWD, KEVIN, 6 June 89, 1p, in PEACE PLANS 904.

ZUBE, JOHN, to GIBBINS, JOHN, 27 Oct. 89, 6pp, with extracts from Australian currency laws., in PEACE PLANS 913.

ZUBE, JOHN, to GRECO, THOMAS H. Jr., 6 June 89, 1p, in PEACE PLANS 906.

ZUBE, JOHN, to GRECO, THOMAS H., Jr., 5 Aug. 89, 11pp, 10 of them alphabetized entries on monetary freedom, in PEACE PLANS 906.

ZUBE, JOHN, to GRECO, THOMAS H., Jr., 9 March 89, 13pp, on his: Money and Debt: A Solution to the Global Crisis, 1989, 38p, in PEACE PLANS 823, letter of 12 April 1988, 4pp, in PEACE PLANS 791.

ZUBE, JOHN, to GRIFFITHS, BARRIE, Green Alliance Network, 11 Oct. 85, 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 803.

ZUBE, JOHN, to HALL, ROBERT F., 12 April 79, 1/2 page, in monetary freedom issue PEACE PLANS 913.

ZUBE, JOHN, to HOPMAN, CONRAD S., 17 July 86, 3pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 741, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 645, 28.12.86, 15.5.87, 29.12.87, 4.7.88, 27pp., in PEACE PLANS 802.

ZUBE, JOHN, to HOPMAN, CONRAD S., letter of 12 Dec. 88, on monetary freedom and panarchism, 6pp, in PEACE PLANS 810. - Is he still alive and active? - J.Z., 17.7.10.

ZUBE, JOHN, to HOPMAN, CONRAD S., Some Comments to Contributions regarding Monetary Freedom and Freedom in General and the Specific Proposals of C.S. Hopman, 17pp, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 645.

ZUBE, JOHN, to HORWITZ, STEVEN, 7 March 1998, 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.589.

ZUBE, JOHN, to HOWARD, JOHN, Fed. Treasurer, 22 March 79, 1p on monetary freedom, in PEACE PLANS 913.

ZUBE, JOHN, to Institut für Bankwirtschaft, letter of 9 April 85, in German, concerning their competition " Berlin im Jahre 2000." 4pp, in PEACE PLANS 793. (I had sent them Beckerath's "Berlin Programm". - J.Z.)

ZUBE, JOHN, to KINNEY, MARK, 11 Sep. 86, 1p, 29 Dec. 86, 2pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 741.

ZUBE, JOHN, to KNAUTZ, ROBERT, 16.12.00, 2pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.669.

ZUBE, JOHN, to Luncheon Vouchers Ltd., London, 14 Aug. 77, 1p, in PEACE PLANS 803.

ZUBE, JOHN, to M., T., & MATONIS, JON, 1985/86, with: Some samples of store currency, standardized credit union cheques, gift vouchers, money-like advertising leaflets and "cash credits", to Francis A.Kingen, 23 Jan. 86, to LVA Rheinprovinz, 9 June 86, 14pp, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 645, to M., T., 31 Dec. 86, in PEACE PLANS 740.

ZUBE, JOHN, to M., T., 12.3.06, on modern FB academics etc., 1p. in email. - JZL. I entered the new files that he pointed out with his letter, to which I replied on 12.3.06.

ZUBE, JOHN, to MEULEN, HENRY, and from, letters, 1964-1969, 15pp in PEACE PLANS 796, 6pp, 1969-1975, in pp 797, 1961, 1975-1978, 4pp, in PEACE PLANS 798.

ZUBE, JOHN, to NELLESSEN, WALTER, Dr., 13 July 1985, 1p, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 645.

ZUBE, JOHN, to NEVILLE, J. W., Prof., re CIS Choice In Currency Seminar, 1p, in PEACE PLANS 913.

ZUBE, JOHN, to PARKS, LARRY, 11.1.2000, 5pp, in PEACE PLANS 1613, Feb. 2000, 101.

ZUBE, JOHN, to PARKS, LARRY, 6. 1. 2000, 7pp, in PEACE PLANS 1613, Feb. 2000, - LPARKS@FAME.ORG - p.93 - See under FAME.

ZUBE, JOHN, to RIEGEL, E. C., 2 Feb. 67, 1/2 p, R.T.S., in PEACE PLANS 913.

ZUBE, JOHN, to ROELOFS, W. P., Dr., 1986/87, 10pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 735.

ZUBE, JOHN, to ROSEMAN, HERBERT C., 8 April 67, 3pp, 5 May 67, 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 913.

ZUBE, JOHN, to RUNAR, SHELDON L., 15 July 87, 5pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 755.

ZUBE, JOHN, to SAUSSY, F. TUPPER, letter of 4 Oct. 84, 2pp, in PEACE PLANS 810.

ZUBE, JOHN, to SCHULER, KURT, 22 June 89, 1p, in PEACE PLANS 904.

ZUBE, JOHN, to SCHULER, KURT, 23 Oct. 89, 3pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 911.

ZUBE, JOHN, to SCHULER, KURT, 9 Jan. 89, 1p, in PEACE PLANS 827.

ZUBE, JOHN, to SCHWENKE, SIEGFRIED, 6 June 89, 1p, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 905.

ZUBE, JOHN, to SOWERS, ELAINE B., 23.1.77, edited 3.11.01, 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.493.

ZUBE, JOHN, to STUMM, JIM, 4.5.78, edited, 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.526.

ZUBE, JOHN, to STUMM, JIM: A Continuation of the Militia Discussion between Jim Stumm and John Zube, Comments by John Zube to Jim Stumm, and his remarks in RANDOM WRITINGS, No. 16, Dec. 87, 24pp, in ON PANARCHY No. XII, in PEACE PLANS 833, 4 April 89, Some Remarks to Jim Stumm's "Financing a Panarchist Militia", 6pp, in PEACE PLANS 833.

ZUBE, JOHN, to SWAIN, G. W., 24 April 79, 2pp, in PEACE PLANS 803.

ZUBE, JOHN, to TEMESVARY, A., Dr., 4 Jan 87, on monetary freedom, 4pp, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 740.

ZUBE, JOHN, to TURNER, PAULA, Ms., 22 April 79, 2pp, in PEACE PLANS 803.

ZUBE, JOHN, to WILBER, DAVE, 12.7.00, 13pp, in PEACE PLANS 1629, p.51. - On monetary freedom. - I doubt that we will ever agree on many points - but, let 10,000 flowers bloom! - J.Z.

ZUBE, JOHN, to WILBER, DAVE, 15.6.00, 3pp on monetary freedom, , in PEACE PLANS 1629, p.46.

ZUBE, JOHN, to WILSON, ROBERT ANTON, 11 April 1967, 2pp, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 742. Also in PEACE PLANS 913.

ZUBE, JOHN, to WORONI, on its 11 May 65 article, by Bruce McFarlane : Monetary "Cranks" Have A Point", 1p, in PEACE PLANS 913.

ZUBE, JOHN, to YOUNG, ROGER, letter of 9 Aug. 88, 2pp, in PEACE PLANS 791.

ZUBE, JOHN, to ZUBE, DAVID, letter of 3 May 88, extracts, containing notes and doubts on experimenting with the LETS system, 3pp, in PEACE PLANS 793.

ZUBE, JOHN, Towards Monetary and Financial Freedom. a May 89 compilation, including some outdated examples of financial newsletters, 29x, PEACE PLANS 866 & 867. (I have not yet counted up how many such free banking compilations I have so far made in this series. I depend, as ever, on others sending me more such material. Thanks here, especially, to T. M., Kevin Dowd, Kurt Schuler, Carl Watner, Jim Stumm and D.Y. - J.Z.)

ZUBE, JOHN, Towards Monetary, Financial and Economic Freedom. Over 42 contributions, newsletters, lists, leavlets, from var. authors, 430pp, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 739.

ZUBE, JOHN, Über den WIR Plan, Schönstein Plan, das SAG und das ESAG Verfahren, wie von Kurt Zube vorgeschlagen, 11 S., 1984, in PEACE PLANS 810.

ZUBE, JOHN, Unemployment, various files of brainstorming by myself on unemployment and its abolition. 522 Kbs. On my first CD, folder D FB condensed, subfolder Unemployment Notes Text. Some or all of these files may already be integrated in my alphabetized brainstorming and quotes on the Butterbach.net: www.butterbach.net/freebank.htm - Ulrich von Beckerath remarked that if one could popularly describe the main cause and cure for unemployment on a single page then one could thereby bring about the greatest social revolution ever. True or fales? I keep trying. - J.Z., 13.7.04.

ZUBE, JOHN, Unemployment: 1.) Brainstorming on Unemployment, 3pp, 1986, 2.) Some Notes on Cause and Cure of Unemployment, 30pp, 1985/86, 48x, in PEACE PLANS 645.

ZUBE, JOHN, Verkehrszeichen auf der Strasse zur Geldfreiheit, von A - Z. Erste und noch sehr unvollständige Zusammenstellung auf dem Wege zu einem Handbuch. 94 S., 1989, in PEACE PLANS 812.

ZUBE, JOHN, Voluntary Education, Voluntarily Financed. 13pp, 24x, in PEACE PLANS 14.

ZUBE, JOHN, Voluntary Taxation in a Voluntarist Society. 46pp, 24x, in PEACE PLANS 14. I am still very much stimulated by a recent Google search that revealed over 3 million hints to “voluntary taxation”! - J.Z., 17.7.10.

ZUBE, JOHN, Voluntary Taxation or Fees for Services instead of Compulsory Taxation. 1974, 3pp, 42x, in PEACE PLANS 650.

ZUBE, JOHN, vs. ZUBE, KURT, 1984, 14 S., in PEACE PLANS 810.

ZUBE, JOHN, Was muss an den Staatsverfassungen geändert werden damit ein andauernder Friede möglich wird und wie können diese Reformen durchgeführt werden? Ein 1962 Buch Manuskript, indexiert, mit Korrespondenz. Etwas verbessert und ergänzt für diese Verfilmung, PEACE PLANS 399-401. English translation in PEACE PLANS 61-63. - I offer it also digitized. It was only temporarily online. Perhaps it is still on the web archive, both in the German and in the English version. It has a monetary freedom section. - J.Z. - The English translation is presently once again on www.butterbach.net/epinfo/peace.htm

ZUBE, JOHN, What Has to Be Changed in the Constitutions of all States and how Can these Reform Be Realized? With detailed monetary freedom proposals. PEACE PLANS 61-63. On www.butterbach.net/epinfo/peace.htm - It does have a monetary freedom section.

ZUBE, JOHN, Why was the rightfulness and usefulness of monetary freedom not recognized before? 1985, 2pp, in PEACE PLANS 586/587.

ZUBE, JOHN, Will there really be a "free for all" when Indexation goes? PEACE PLANS 390, pages 529/530.

ZUBE, JOHN, Would monetary freedom lead to a rise or a fall in prices? A short reply, on pp 290/291 of PEACE PLANS 11.

ZUBE, KURT, an ZUBE, JOHN, 1984, 7 Fragen zum ESAG Plan. 1 S., mit einigen kurzen Antworten von J.Z., 1 S., in PEACE PLANS 810.

ZUBE, KURT, Basic Concept of the Bank of Danzig, The. 2pp, in PEACE PLANS 810.

ZUBE, KURT, Das ESAG Zahlungs- und Kreditsystem. (ESAG = Existenzsicherung auf Gegenseitigkeit) 6 S., undatiert, in PEACE PLANS 810.

ZUBE, KURT, Das Grundkonzept der Bank von Danzig. 2 S., undat., in PEACE PLANS 810.

ZUBE, KURT, Das neue ESAG (Existenzsicherung auf Gegenseitigkeit ) Zahlungs- und Kreditsystem. 1981, 8 S., in PEACE PLANS 810.

ZUBE, KURT, Das Neue Giro- u. Kreditsystem der Bank von Danzig. 6pp, in PEACE PLANS 810.

ZUBE, KURT, Der multilaterale Ringtausch in bargeldloser Verrechnung. 2 S., undatiert, in PEACE PLANS 810.

ZUBE, KURT, Der Schwindel mit der Arbeitslosigkeit. 19 S., in PEACE PLANS 809. (Über Zugang zum Boden, Geldmonopol und "offene" Betriebe.) Also in: ZUR SACHE, No. 2, 1981, 20 S., in PEACE PLANS 810.

ZUBE, KURT, Die Bank von Danzig. 1975, 3 S., 29x, in PEACE PLANS 742.

ZUBE, KURT, Die Bank von Danzig. ein Wiederbelebungsprojekt. ( The Bank of Danzig a revival project.) 1975, 3 S. - . Several short papers, partly in German, partly in English, 18pp. in PEACE PLANS 810

ZUBE, KURT, ESAG, 2 S. Flugblatt über das ESAG Zahlungsverfahren, undatiert, 29x, in PEACE PLANS 867.

ZUBE, KURT, Moderner Naturaltausch, Rückfall ins Primitive oder Vorläufer einer Fortschrittsidee? Transcript of an old manuscript, 3pp, undated, in PEACE PLANS 1745-1748, March 02, p.740.

ZUBE, KURT, Offener Brief an Rudolf Augstein der Herrschaft und Knechtschaft für notwendig hält. Mackay Gesellschaft, 1975, 16 S., in PEACE PLANS 815. (Behandelt Geldfreiheit nur sehr kurz und Bodenreform, seinen Lieblingsplan, ausführlicher. J.Z.)

ZUBE, KURT, The New MS (Mutual Security- Payment and Credit System. 1981, 8pp, translation of Das Neue ESAG..., in PEACE PLANS 810.

ZUBE, KURT, The New Payment and Credit System of the Bank of Danzig. 5pp, in PEACE PLANS 810.

ZUBE, KURT, vs. ZUBE, JOHN, 1984, 14 S., in PEACE PLANS 810.

ZUCKERKANDL, Zur Theorie des Preises mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der geschichtlichen Entwicklung der Lehre. Leipzig 1889. - Diehl & Mombert, Wert und Preis I, 1912.

ZWIEDINECK, OTTO von, Die Einkommensgestaltung als Geldwertbestimmungsgrund. SCHMOLLERS JAHRBUCH, Bd. XXXIII, 1917, S. 131-189, S.134. - Knapp.

ZWOLL, J. H. van, Mindestreserven als Mittel der Geld- und Kreditpolitik. 1954. - Rittershausen, Wirtschaft, 1960 Auflage.

 


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